纯钛表面等离子渗镍合金层的显微组织及摩擦学性能

采用等离子表面合金化技术对纯钛进行表面渗镍处理,对渗镍后形成的合金层显微组织、物相组成及硬度进行了分析,并对其摩擦学性能进行了研究。结果表明:渗镍后在纯钛表面形成了与基体结合良好的钛-镍合金层,合金层主要由Ti2Ni、TiNi及钛相组成,厚约30μm,显微硬度约为570HV,合金层的干滑动摩擦磨损性能较纯钛基体的有很大提高。     

Q235钢表面硼碳氮共渗层及氩弧重熔层的磨损性能

采用粉末包埋法对Q235钢进行硼碳氮共渗处理,并对共渗层进行氩弧重熔处理;研究了硼碳氮共渗层和氩弧重熔层的物相、截面形貌、显微硬度以及磨粒磨损和冲蚀磨损性能。结果表明:共渗层中生成了FeB、Fe2B、Fe2N、Fe8N及Fe3C相,氩弧重熔使得共渗层中的FeB、Fe2N、Fe8N相消失,生成了新相Fe2 3(C,B)6和Fe3N;共渗层的峰值显微硬度为1 198.4 HV,氩弧重熔层的为1 192.8HV,且硬度梯度变化平缓;共渗层和重熔层的耐磨性能均优于基体的,且重熔层的耐磨性能优于共渗层的。     

Ti2AlNb基合金等离子表面渗铬层组织结构对耐磨性能的影响

低硬度和较差的耐磨性制约了钛铝基合金在航空领域的应用。为了提高Ti2AlNb合金的表面硬度和耐磨性,采用双层辉光等离子表面合金化技术对Ti2AlNb合金表面进行渗Cr处理,并对其微观组织、扩散特性及显微硬度和耐磨性进行了分析测试。结果表明：经等离子渗铬处理后,可获得约25μm的合金层;渗层中Cr含量随渗层深度有显著变化且在高温条件下因各原子扩散能力的差异,以基体中Al和Nb量的变化为主,在渗层的不同区域形成不同的相,表层以含Cr2Nb的Laves相和Al8Cr5相为主,而在渗层和基体的交界处形成新的无序O相（Ti25.36Al18.44Nb）;渗层硬度值由外层的HV1125逐渐过渡到基体的HV432,渗层与基体的界面处由于无序O相的析出而硬度最低。渗Cr处理将合金的摩擦因数由原来的0.24降低到0.15,磨损率降低了60%以上。     

模具钢表面盐浴渗钛层的制备及性能研究

采用盐浴法在Cr12Mo V冷作模具钢表面进行渗钛处理,研究了不同温度和时间对渗层厚度的影响。通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度测试仪和旋转摩擦试验仪分析了渗层的显微形貌、相结构、表断面硬度和耐磨性能。结果表明:通过配方优选,在适宜的渗入温度(1000℃)和时间(6h)下,可在模具钢表面形成致密、厚度约13μm的渗钛层,相组成主要为Ti C,渗层具有较高的表面硬度(约2789HV0.3)。室温干摩擦试验表明,与基体相比,相渗层试样的磨损量降低约17倍,平均摩擦系数为0.4054,仅为基体的70.6%,说明模具钢盐浴渗钛处理后具有较佳的耐磨减摩性能。     

0Cr18Ni9钢表面等离子铌合金化层的显微组织和摩擦磨损性能

采用双辉等离子渗金属技术在0Cr18Ni9奥氏体不锈钢表面制备出厚度为22μm均匀致密的渗铌合金化层;分析了合金化层的成分、显微组织及其摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:铌合金化层主要由铌的碳化物(NbC、Nb6C5)和金属间化合物(Cr2Nb、Fe2Nb)组成,表面硬度较基体提高一倍左右,达到614 HV0.025;合金化层的摩擦因数(8.05×10-2)与基体的(7.97×10-2)基本相同;基体和合金化层均以粘着磨损和磨粒磨损为主要磨损形式,合金化层的磨损率较基体的明显降低。     

采用双层辉光等离子技术在420不锈钢表面制备ZrO_2改性层

采用双层辉光等离子技术,在420不锈钢表面渗锆后再氧化制备出ZrO_2改性层,用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪分析了改性层的显微组织,并测试了其高温抗氧化性能与耐磨性能。结果表明:在950℃下保温3h得到的渗锆层经随后的1000℃氧化100h处理,可以形成以ZrO_2为主的改性层;改性层与基体结合牢固,并可以明显改善基体的高温抗氧化性能和耐磨性能。     

钼基高温合金表面包埋渗法制备渗铝层的组织与性能

采用包埋渗法在TZM钼基高温合金表面制备抗氧化的渗铝层,渗铝温度为1 050℃,渗铝时间为12 h;采用SEM、EDS和XRD等分析了渗层的显微组织、物相组成和元素分布等,并对渗层的硬度和抗高温氧化性能进行了研究。结果表明:渗层的相组成为Al_5Mo、Al_3Mo和Al_4Mo;渗层均匀致密,厚度达到130μm,具有双层结构,与基体形成了冶金结合;渗层表面呈颗粒状,其显微硬度达到了8 000 MPa;在800℃×80 h高温氧化下包埋渗铝层具有较好的抗氧化性能。     

高频感应加热膏剂法制备渗铬层的组织与性能

利用高频感应加热膏剂法在Ti6Al4V合金表面制备了渗铬层,对渗铬层的厚度、显微组织、化学成分、硬度、结合强度以及摩擦学性能进行了研究。结果表明:渗铬层厚度可达25μm以上;渗铬后在合金表面形成了由α+β、CrVO3、(Ti0.88Cr0.12)2O3和TiN相组成的渗铬层;渗铬层的化学成分呈梯度分布,距渗铬层表面25μm处的硬度可达850HV,渗铬层与基体实现了冶金结合,明显提高了基体的摩擦学性能。     

20钢表面双辉等离子钨-碳渗镀层制备及其耐磨性能

设计了一种方波式源极结构,采用双层辉光渗金属技术在20钢表面实现了钨-碳二元共渗并获得了表面陶瓷渗镀层;采用SEM和XRD等分析了渗镀层的显微组织、化学成分及物相组成,对其显微硬度、与基体的结合力以及耐磨性能进行了测试.结果表明:渗镀层厚约25 μm,其物相组成为W2C、WC、W、Fe3W3C;其表面硬度高达961.2...     

固态渗碳化硼对Ti-6Al-4V显微组织和性能的影响

研究了Ti-6Al-4V在800℃和1000C下固态渗碳化硼20h后的渗层显微组织以及对硬度等的影响。结果表明：渗层在表面为致密分布的化合物层,其成分主要为TiC、TiB以及TiB2等硬质相,而在基体内部则形成沿晶界分布的板条状或等轴状的颗粒扩散层;表面碳化硼处理可以显著提高Ti-6Al-4V的表面硬度,由359HV提高到了664HV,并且可以得到良好的表面硬、芯部软的硬度梯度;断口形貌分析发现材料由韧性断裂转变成脆性断裂。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.     

Fractional order nonsingular terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking

This paper investigates a fractional terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking in the presence of inertia uncertainties and extern...     

奥氏体不锈钢表面双辉等离子渗锆的动力学

利用双辉等离子渗金属技术在0Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面制备了一层均匀、致密、呈良好冶金结合的渗锆合金层,并对1 060℃下的渗锆动力学进行了研究。结果表明:随着距锆合金层表面距离的增加,锆元素的含量呈梯度递减,扩散系数逐渐减小,而扩散激活能逐步增大;在1 060℃采用双辉等离子技术渗锆时,渗锆合金层表层的空位密度为2.945×(1012~1013)cm-2,与相同温度下采用常规渗金属工艺相比,提高了1~2个数量级。     

气化炉三维扫描测量与数据处理

以德士古气化炉耐火砖的内壁蚀损检测设备为基础,对采集到的点云数据做了进一步处理.通过对数据的筛选和剔除,实现了数据点的平滑降噪细化和精简.然后利用点云对整、网格划分和分色显示等方法,最终完成了内壁腐蚀情况的三维建模.重点讨论了点云数据的预处理及后处理的方法,并根据内壁耐火砖的腐蚀阈值,提出了一种气化炉内壁腐蚀区域的识别与分割方法.对耐火砖的腐蚀分析、气化炉的生产与维修提供了可靠依据,并在工程应用中获得了一致认可.