去甲肾上腺素治疗Ⅰ型肝肾综合症近期疗效观察

评价去甲肾上腺素(NA)治疗I型HRS的有效性和安全性。对14例I型HRS,其SCr为(363．7±64．2) μmol／1,持续静滴NA(0．1-0．5)μg·kg-1·min-1,直至HRS逆转(SCr<132．5μmol／L)或病人出现副反应或最长疗程15 天。结果8例(57．1％)HRS逆转,其SCr从(384．9±49．4)μmoL／L下降到(107．0±21．5)μmoL／L(P<0．001),BUN从 (18．1±3．3)mmol／L下降到(9．1±2．0)mmoL／L(P<0．001),尿钠从(6．9±2．0)mmol／24h升高到(35．1±6．3)mmol／24h (P<0．001),MAP从(63.8±5．2)mmHg提高到(77．6±4．1)mmHg(P<0．001)。所有患者治疗前后肝功能无明显改变。NA治疗I型HRS近期疗效明显,安全,可行性强。     

Long-term terlipressin administration improves renal function in cirrhotic patients with type 1 hepatorenal syndrome: a pilot study

BACKGROUND: Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a severe complication of liver cirrhosis. Recently, ornipressin, a potent splanchnic vasoconstrictor, was reported to improve renal function in patients with HRS. However, this treatment is associated with a high incidence of vascular complications. Terlipressin is thought to be as effective as ornipressin with less systemic complications. AIMS: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of terlipressin administration in cirrhotic patients with type 1 HRS. PATIENTS: Twelve consecutive patients fulfilling HRS criteria of the International Ascites Club were included in the study. Median plasma creatinine and sodium, urine volume and sodium before treatment were 3.4 mg% (2.5-4.0); 127 mEq/l (124-130), 500 ml/24 h (100-1031) and 7 mEq/24 h (1-17). METHODS: Terlipressin was administered i.v. 2 mg bid in 8 patients and tid in 4 others for at least one week and up to 2 months. RESULTS: After one week of treatment median plasma creatinine decreased to 1.8 mg% (1.3-2.1) together with an increase in urine volume, sodium excretion, creatinine and free-water clearance. Three patients underwent successful liver transplantation with a near normal renal function after 34, 36 and 111 days. The 9 other patients died during follow-up (4 from sepsis, 2 from digestive bleeding and 3 from liver failure). No ischaemic complications were encountered during the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term terlipressin administration is safe and effective to control type 1 HRS. However, it does not cure the underlying disease and therefore, may only be considered as a bridge to a definitive treatment as liver transplantation.     

The efficacy and safety of terlipressin and albumin in patients with type 1 hepatorenal syndrome: a multicenter, open-label, explorative study

Background

Treatment with terlipressin and albumin has been reported recently to be effective in improving renal function in the treatment of cirrhotic patients with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). The aim of this prospective, multicenter study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of treatment with terlipressin and albumin in Japanese cirrhotic patients with type 1 HRS.

Methods

Eight cirrhotic patients with type 1 HRS were included in the study. Terlipressin (2.8?±?0.4?mg/day) and albumin (25.7?±?2.8?g/day) were given simultaneously for 6.3?±?4.2?days.

Results

Urine volume was significantly increased (p?p?p?p?Conclusions Treatment with terlipressin and albumin improves renal function in cirrhotic patients with type 1 HRS. However, the survival of cirrhotic patients with type 1 HRS remains poor, although it may be improved by this specific therapy.     

白蛋白透析联合去甲肾上腺素治疗重型肝炎Ⅰ型肝肾综合征临床研究

目的观察白蛋白透析联合去甲肾上腺素治疗重型肝炎Ⅰ型肝肾综合征的疗效。方法应用白蛋白透析联合去甲肾上腺素治疗15例重型肝炎Ⅰ型肝肾综合征患者,并与传统的多巴胺药物治疗进行比较。结果白蛋白透析联合去甲肾上腺素治疗组肝肾功能、血流动力学及电解质恢复明显好于多巴胺药物治疗组,且生存率较单纯多巴胺药物治疗组明显提高。结论白蛋白透析联合去甲肾上腺素是治疗重型肝炎并发Ⅰ型肝肾综合征的有效方法。     

Noradrenalin vs terlipressin in patients with hepatorenal syndrome: a prospective, randomized, unblinded, pilot study

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Treatment of hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is based on vasoconstrictors. Terlipressin is the one with the soundest evidence. Noradrenalin has been suggested as an effective alternative. The current study was aimed at assessing the efficacy and safety of noradrenalin vs terlipressin in patients with HRS. METHODS: Twenty-two consecutive cirrhotic patients with HRS (9 with HRS type 1; 13 with HRS type 2) were included. Patients were randomly assigned to be treated with noradrenalin (0.1-0.7 microg/kg/min) and albumin (10 patients) or with terlipressin (1-2 mg/4h) and albumin (12 patients). Treatment was administered until HRS reversal or for a maximum of two weeks. Patients were followed-up until liver transplantation or death. RESULTS: Reversal of HRS was observed in 7 of the 10 patients (70%) treated with noradrenalin and in 10 of the 12 patients (83%) treated with terlipressin, p=ns. Treatment led in both groups to a significant improvement in renal and circulatory function. No patient developed signs of myocardial ischemia. CONCLUSIONS: Data from this unblinded, pilot study suggest that noradrenalin is as effective and safe as terlipressin in patients with HRS. These results would support the use of noradrenalin, a cheap and widely available drug, in the management of these patients.     

特利加压素联合大剂量白蛋白治疗肝硬化肝肾综合征的疗效观察

目的观察特利加压素及其联合大剂量白蛋白治疗肝肾综合征的疗效。方法53例患者分为三组，在综合治疗的基础上，A组使用多巴胺，B组使用特利加压素，C组使用特利加压素联合大剂量白蛋白。治疗期间观察患者临床症状、尿量、血肌酐、腹水消长情况。终止治疗事件及治疗后的转归。结果B、C组尿量、肌酐清除率显著增加。血肌酐降低，且C组变化比B组明显，A组仅轻度改善，三组间比较有显著差异。结论特利加压素对肝肾综合征的治疗有确切的疗效．大剂量白蛋白扩容可提高特利加压素对肾功能的作用。     

Midodrine, octreotide, albumin, and TIPS in selected patients with cirrhosis and type 1 hepatorenal syndrome

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a functional renal disorder complicating decompensated cirrhosis. Treatments to date, except liver transplantation, have been able to improve but not normalize renal function. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt (TIPS) as a treatment for type 1 HRS in ascitic cirrhotic patients, following improvement in systemic hemodynamics with a combination of midodrine, octreotide, and albumin (medical treatment). Fourteen ascitic cirrhotic patients with type 1 HRS received medical therapy until their serum creatinine reached below 135 micromol/L for at least 3 days, followed by a TIPS if there were no contraindications. Patients were assessed before and after medical treatment, as well as at 1 week and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-TIPS with measurements of renal function, sodium handling, systemic hemodynamics, central blood volume, and hormonal markers. Medical therapy for 14 +/- 3 days improved renal function (serum creatinine: 233 +/- 29 micromol/L vs. 112 +/- 8 micromol/L, P =.001) and renal sodium excretion (5 +/- 2 mmol/d vs. 9 +/- 2 mmol/d, P =.002) in 10 of the 14 patients. TIPS insertion in five of the responders further improved renal function and sodium excretion, so that by 12 months post-TIPS, glomerular filtration rate (96 +/- 20 mL/min, P <.01 vs. pre-TIPS) and urinary sodium excretion (119 +/- 15 mmol/d, P <.01 vs. pre-TIPS) were normal, associated with normalization of plasma renin and aldosterone levels and elimination of ascites. In conclusion, TIPS is an effective treatment for type 1 HRS in suitable patients with cirrhosis and ascites, following the improvement of renal function with combination therapy of midodrine, octreotide, and albumin.     

特利加压素联合白蛋白治疗肝肾综合征患者的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨特利加压素联合白蛋白治疗肝肾综合征患者的临床疗效。方法:选取肝肾综合征患者46例,将符合纳入标准的患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,对照组患者在常规治疗的基础上联合人血白蛋白治疗,治疗组患者则在对照组治疗的基础上联合特利加压素治疗。治疗2周后比较2组患者的腹围、尿量、血肌酐、尿素氮及临床症状改善情况。结果:治疗组患者总有效率为78.3%,对照组患者为41.6%,2组疗效差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组患者的腹围、尿量、血肌酐、尿素氮及临床症状改善明显,与治疗前相比差异有统计学意义;对照组患者的尿量较治疗前明显改善,差异有统计学意义,但血肌酐、尿素氮、腹围改善不明显,差异无统计学意义。结论:特利加压素联合白蛋白治疗肝肾综合征效果较好,能明显改善患者的腹围、尿量、血肌酐及尿素氮水平。     

特利加压素联合白蛋白治疗肝肾综合征24例分析

目的观察特利加压素联合白蛋白治疗肝肾综合征的疗效。方法回顾性分析2011年5月-2013年8月本院收治的46例肝肾综合征患者,分为2组,对照组22例,治疗组24例,在常规治疗的基础上,对照组给予白蛋白,治疗组给予特利加压素联合白蛋白,观察患者临床症状、尿量、血肌酐、尿素氮、腹水及转归情况。2组间比较用t检验,率的比较采用χ2检验。结果治疗组患者临床症状均得到改善,对照组改善不明显,治疗组患者尿量由(758.5±284.9)ml/24 h增加至(2277.1±704.8)ml/24 h,血肌酐水平由(234.2±87.2)μmol/L下降至(126.8±62.2)μmol/L,尿素氮水平由(18.1±6.4)mmol/L下降至(10.3±4.5)mmol/L,体质量由(68.1±3.9)kg下降至(64.6±3.9)kg,腹围由(95.0±5.1)cm减少至(90.8±4.9)cm,其治疗前后差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。治疗组治疗后与对照组治疗后比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组患者治疗前后尿量、血肌酐、尿素氮、体质量及腹围水平无明显变化(P0.05)。2组患者治疗后缓解率、存活率差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论特利加压素联合白蛋白能有效治疗肝肾综合征,改善患者预后。     

Current position of vasoconstrictor and albumin infusion for type 1 hepatorenal syndrome

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP),refractory ascites,hepatorenal syndrome(HRS),hyponatremia and hepatic encephalopathy are complicationswhich frequently happen during a clinical course of decompensated cirrhosis.Splanchnic and peripheral vasodilatation,increased intrarenal vasoconstriction and impaired cardiac responsive function are pathological changes causing systemic and hemodynamic derangement.Extreme renal vasoconstriction leads to severe reduction of renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate,which finally evolves into the clinical feature of HRS.Clinical manifestations of type 1 and type 2 HRS come to medical attention differently.Patients with type1 HRS present as acute kidney injury whereas those with type 2 HRS will have refractory ascites as the leading problem.Prompt diagnosis of type 1 HRS can halt the progression of HRS to acute tubular necrosis if the combined treatment of albumin infusion and vasoconstrictors is started timely.HRS reversal was seen in 34%-60%of patients,followed with decreasing mortality.Baseline serum levels of creatinine less than5 mg/dL,bilirubin less than 10 mg/dL,and increased mean arterial pressure of over 5 mmHg by day 3 of the combined treatment of vasoconstrictor and albumin are the predictors of good response.Type 1 HRS can be prevented in some conditions such as albumin infusion in SBP,prophylactic antibiotics for upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage,albumin replacement after large volume paracentesis in cirrhotic patients with massive ascites.The benefit of albumin infusion in infection with primary source other than SBP requires more studies.     

Effects of methylnaltrexone in patients with narcotic bowel syndrome: a pilot observational study

Background: Narcotic bowel syndrome (NBS) describes disabling chronic severe abdominal pain that worsens despite continuing or escalating doses of opiates. Therapy is very limited. Aim: To examine effects of blocking peripheral µ‐opioid receptors on the symptomatology of patients with NBS and its safety. Methods: An open‐label observational study was performed in four women with NBS. After a 2‐week run‐in period, patients were treated for 12 weeks with 8–12 mg methylnaltrexone bromide subcutaneously every other day, increasing to daily if there was poor response. Patient and physician assessment was documented, and patients completed an eight‐symptom visual analogue scale weekly and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illnesses Therapy‐Fatigue questionnaire for fatigue. Patients were observed for 4 weeks following withdrawal of the drug. Results: One patient was unable to tolerate the study medication because of worsening pain after injection, and withdrew. Two showed clear benefit with reduction of symptoms overall, pain, bloating, distension, nausea and tiredness, with improved satisfaction and consistency of bowel actions and fatigue scores. Both reduced analgesic usage. The third had improved ileostomy output and had no episodes of severe bloating, but pain scores remained high. All three worsened after drug withdrawal and requested retreatment. Three experienced abdominal pains of moderate severity for 30–60 min consistently within 5 min of each injection. No other adverse events were experienced. Conclusions: Methylnaltrexone has a positive impact on symptoms in women with NBS, although treatment does induce transient pain following its administration. Larger studies are required to examine its efficacy and longer term safety in this patient group.     

Effect of terlipressin (Glypressin) on hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhotic patients: results of a multicentre pilot study

OBJECTIVES: Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a severe complication of cirrhosis, leading to death in more than 90% of cases in the absence of liver transplantation. Several treatments have been attempted as a bridge to liver transplantation. Among such treatments, terlipressin has been studied in several reports, two prospective pilot studies and a double-blind, short-term, controlled haemodynamic study. Promising results have been shown with this drug. The purpose of this multicentre retrospective study was to evaluate the effects of terlipressin on renal function and survival of patients with HRS. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighteen patients recruited in three liver units with type 1 HRS in 16 cases and type 2 HRS in two cases were given 4 mg/day terlipressin (range 1.5-12) for 7 days (range 2-16). Electrolytes, renal function, mean urinary output, natriuresis, liver function tests, and tolerance of the treatment were monitored regularly. RESULTS: A total of 13/18 (72%) patients responded with a mean decline in serum creatinine ranging from 31 to 75% from day 0 to day 5. Eight of these 13 patients had a normal serum creatinine level at day 5. Liver function tests remained unaffected by terlipressin administration. Three local necrosis complications were noted in patients receiving terlipressin continuously via an infusion pump. Two responder patients survived: one of these underwent orthotopic liver transplantation with a follow-up of 24 months; the other is alive with a follow-up of more than 36 months. Patients who responded to terlipressin had lower baseline serum bilirubin and significantly higher serum sodium concentrations than patients who did not respond. CONCLUSION: In this pilot study, improvement in renal function was noted in 72% of cases after administration of terlipressin, and was associated with long-term survival in two patients. Parameters associated with response to terlipressin and increased survival should be defined better in a large cohort of cirrhotic patients with HRS.     

特利加压素联合大剂量白蛋白治疗老年肝肾综合征患者的疗效及安全性观察

目的 观察特利加压素联合大剂量白蛋白治疗老年肝肾综合征患者的疗效及安全性. 方法 30例患者随机分为对照组(13例)和试验组(17例).在内科综合治疗基础上,对照组予小剂量多巴胺联合大剂量白蛋白治疗;试验组使用特利加压素联合大剂量白蛋白,均连续使用7～14 d.观察患者临床症状、尿量、血肌酐、尿素氮、腹水消长情况、不良反应、终止治疗事件及治疗后的转归. 结果 试验组患者与治疗前相比,治疗1d后尿量明显增加(P＜0.01),血肌酐、尿素氮水平明显下降(P＜0.05).治疗第7天后比第3天后尿量进一步增加,血肌酐、尿素氮进一步降低(P＜0.05).同时患者腹水亦有所消退.而对照组患者治疗前后尿量、血肌酐及尿素氮水平无明显变化(P＞0.05). 结论 特利加压素联合大剂量白蛋白能有效治疗肝肾综合征,为老年肝肾综合征患者提供了一条安全有效的治疗途径.     

Urinary albumin excretion in patients with familial Mediterranean fever: a pilot study

Amyloidosis of the kidney is the most threatening complication in familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), and colchicine has been shown to reduce its occurrence. In the preclinical stage of kidney amyloidosis, no proteinuria is observed by the standard Albustix method. However, whether these patients have normal or increased urinary albumin excretion is not known. The purpose of this study was to evaluate albumin excretion in FMF patients treated with colchicine and to compare these values to those of a normal control group. Twenty-two subjects with FMF were compared with 16 normal subjects matched with regard to age and body surface area. The two groups did not differ with regard to female/male ratio and arterial pressure. Urine samples were collected overnight while patients were recumbent and in the daytime while they were ambulant. After measuring albumin concentration (Ua) by radio-immunoassay and creatinine concentration through the standard method, the urinary albumin excretion rate (UaV) and urinary albumin creatinine ratio (Ua/c) were calculated. In the FMF group, three patients had microalbuminuria--defined as an albumin excretion rate higher than 20 micrograms/min. Two of them had this condition only in the early morning collection. These three patients were characterized by a longer duration of symptoms (18 vs. 9 years). No patient in the control group had microalbuminuria. The mean UaV in the FMF group did not differ significantly from that of the control group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)