Factors in the adoption of open government initiatives in Spanish local governments

The Open Government Data (OGD) projects have spread rapidly in recent years, given that they involve a great transformative potential, whose aims to guarantee transparent government and stimulate the participation and citizenry engagement. It seems that there is a lack of studies analysing factors regarding both the access to OG projects and the volume and format of data published into OGD projects. Therefore, this paper seeks to identify main factors affecting both the way of accessing the OG projects and the volume and format of data published into OGD projects in larger Spanish municipalities (with >50,000 inhabitants and a sample of 145 municipalities). Our main findings seem to point out the intention of sample governments to increase their information disclosure as a way for enhancing their reputation or government's image introducing OGDPs initiatives. Also, it revels differences among analysed municipalities regarding the context in which the information is disclosed.     

Two decades of e-government diffusion among local governments in the United States

This study is the first to evaluate e-government diffusion among local governments in the United States over time. The diffusion rates of various types of e-government services are measured and analyzed over two decades. E-government surveys conducted by the International City/County Management Association (ICMA) from 2000 to 2011 provide an early trendline of e-government services offered, and an original two-wave panel survey was conducted in 2014 and 2019 collecting data, which extends this timeline and offers new ways to measure adoption in this later period. The panel survey includes the same 83 cities randomly selected from all cities with populations over 50,000, representing over 10% of medium and large size cities in the U.S.The findings of this study provide a clear picture that cities across the nation have increasingly adopted a wide set of e-gov services, with some reaching near complete diffusion. A total of 45 different e-government services are evaluated, with similar e-government services organized together into informational, interactive, multimedia, financial, and social media scaled variables for further analysis. Adoption and diffusion of e-government services have been neither steady nor uniform. However, from 2014 to 2019 the trend was clear: more cities offered more e-government services more consistently.The findings also offer insights into the characteristics of cities that have adopted e-government innovations earlier than others. Both greater population size and percent of residents with broadband access contribute in a statistically significant way to the number of e-gov services adopted, while other expected independent variables like economic measures of wealth do not. These findings contribute to a broader conversation about how the diffusion of e-government service adoption has changed over time and the extent to which that has affected the relationship between residents and their local governments throughout the first two decades of the 21st Century.     

The good,the bad and the ugly: Three faces of social media usage by local governments

This article explores the determinants of local governments' use of social networking sites. It does so by analysing the relative impact of institutional, political and social determinants, while controlling for the impact of mayors' traits and social characteristics of municipalities on local governments levels of activity on Facebook. Empirically, this article presents a within-case analysis of Portuguese municipalities' activity on social media, aiming to shed light on the strategic use of social media by local governments. A coherent picture associated with politically pro-active local governments emerges from the results: higher levels of social media activity appear in municipalities with more competitive local elections and higher commitment to transparency. Moreover, findings suggest that local governments tend to be concerned with the low levels of voter turnout, potentially resorting to social media as a powerful tool to increase civic engagement and (offline) political participation. Levels of Facebook activity are significantly higher in larger and wealthier municipalities. The results indicate that Facebook official pages of municipalities are part of a larger arsenal of tools to promote political engagement and activity levels signal a propensity to involve citizens pro-actively.     

The effect of crowdsourcing on organizational learning: Evidence from local governments

Modern local governments must learn in order to deal effectively with the growing pressures of a rapidly changing environment. Crowdsourcing has entered the stage of popularization and wide adoption as a part of local government. Based on organizational learning perspective, this study develops a multi-level model of learning from crowdsourcing and a joint relationship between crowdsourcing and organizational learning in local governments. This paper adopts a multi-method research approach: (1) the model was tested with partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) using a survey of 205 local governments units in Poland; (2) in-depth semi-structured interviews conducted with 18 top managers from 18 local governments units in Poland. The empirical results show that: (1) crowdsourcing has significantly positive affects on individual, group, organizational levels of learning, feed-forward, and feed-back flows; (2) type of crowdsourcing, such wisdom crowd, crowd creation, and crowd voting are linked with organizational learning. Moreover, one type of crowdsourcing, such crowdfunding is not related with organizational learning of local governments. These findings contribute to both academic research and practical implications, advancing our understandings of relationship between crowdsourcing and organizational learning in local governments.     

How the approval system affects Chinese scientific journals

Chinese scientific journals are moving in the right direction but developing first‐class academic journals still requires a number of obstacles to be overcome. Before the birth of any journal, a very complex journal approval system (JAS) must be negotiated. The paper will first present the history of the JAS in China and then analyze its effect on the scientific journal system. The JAS poses potential risks to the development of journals, and journal quantity rather than quality is the current priority. This needs to be changed and the JAS should be replaced by a journal registration system. Simultaneously, a system in which entry (start up) and closure, if required, is much easier than at present should be introduced, allowing the market to be the principal arbiter of success or failure.     

The adoption of centralized customer service systems: A survey of local governments

This study examines the adoption of centralized customer service systems in local governments in the United States. Survey data is used to show the relationship between different factors of E-Government adoption and the implementation of this information technology (IT). The results of this study show that the adoption of a centralized customer service system was related to the form of government that the local government had and being located in a central city. The results also indicated that the sophistication of the local government's website was related to the adoption of a centralized customer service system. The results of this study did not support the claim that larger cities are more likely to be adopters of this type of IT. Other results indicate that only 15% of local governments have adopted this IT. These information systems are well-integrated with existing online communication methods such as email and the internet. The information from this IT is commonly used by local governments for performance management and budget development.     

Assessing the performance of freedom of information

How well has the UK FOI Act worked in practice now that it has been in force for 4 years? This article discusses how to measure the performance of FOI regimes. It presents the evidence on the performance of FOI in the UK measured against comparative data from Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and Ireland, countries with access to information legislation and similar political systems. On a range of measures, the UK Act is found to have performed reasonably well, but it also suffers from problems common to all FOI regimes. The article concludes with some observations on what makes for a successful FOI regime, and how to measure it.     

地方高校图书馆服务区域经济信息资源共享探索

文章阐述了地方高校图书馆服务社会及推动区域经济快速发展的重要意义,提出了实现地方高校图书馆服务区域进行信息资源共享的对策,探索为服务地方构建区域经济教育服务体系的途径和应注意的几个问题。     

如何利用校园网查找文献

Internet上有丰富的信息资源，如何从中获得有用的献信息是广大科技工作所关心的。章介绍在WWW以及校园网上查找各类科技献的方法。     

A prioritization-based analysis of local open government data portals: A case study of Chinese province-level governments

While most data originate within a local context, our knowledge about the realization of open government data (OGD) at local levels is limited due to the lack of systematic analysis of local OGD portals. Thus, we focus on a core question about analysing and guiding the development of local OGD portals. An evaluation framework is developed based on the comparison of related studies and principles. To fill the gap in existing frameworks which lack clarity in the prioritization process, Analytic Hierarchy Process together with an expert survey is used to derive priorities of elements of the framework. To test the capability of the framework in analysing and guiding the development of local OGD portals, a case study of Chinese province-level OGD portals has been carried out. Results show that data accessibility and quality matter more than data quantity for a local OGD portal. Currently, Chinese province-level OGD portals are in their infancy of development, with a great gap between Taiwan and Hong Kong with other portals. Data relating to local statistics, credit records, and budget and spending are well released on portals in China. Population size and the size and wealth of the local government show no significant relation with the number of datasets. By combining priorities of the framework with evaluation results, it could help local governments to recognise their present shortcomings and give them recommendations for recognizing directions for OGD portal's future development.     

利用STN解决药物研发过程中的信息需求

药物研发是一个漫长、复杂、且花费昂贵的科研活动过程,其文献信息支持工作非常关键,并贯穿于药物研发的全过程。利用STN国际联机数据库,可解决药物研发过程中的信息需求。     

Mandatory provisioning of digital public services as a feasible service delivery strategy: Evidence from Italian local governments

Several governments are actively encouraging their administrations to deliver public services exclusively through digital channels. This strategy consists of putting in place a series of complex and specific actions that bring into play numerous actors, to ensure that users are willing to accept digital channels and that weaker users are not disadvantaged. Although this strategy is being increasingly adopted in various countries, scholars have scarcely begun to explore its logic. This research explores how to define a service delivery strategy that forces users to adopt digital channels. Four in-depth case studies have been conducted on Italian local governments that started delivering their non-educational school services through digital channels alone. We found that a mandatory service delivery strategy is feasible when the starting point is to understand the users' characteristics, skills and behaviours and, as a consequence, whether they perceive the service as complex and/or ambiguous. With this in mind, public organisations can select the proper mix of channels for each category of users and combine their change in approach with behavioural-type interventions, i.e. by creating the right conditions to modify the users' behaviour.     

论地方文献信息资源与当代旅游业的互动

地方文献是一个地区重要的文化旅游资源,丰富的地方文献为旅游业的发展提供了信息和文化支撑,促进了地方旅游业的发展;旅游业的发展又彰显文献史料的价值,为文献史料的保护提供资金、人才和技术上的保障。因此,文献开发与旅游发展存在着互动关系。     

皖西地方文献信息资源建设研究

皖西地方文献信息资源建设是皖西学院教学科研的需要,也是皖西各界对皖西学院的期待。皖西地方文献信息包括十个方面的内容,应该根据需要分步建设。当相关资源的积累达到一定水平时,应该进行皖西地方文献宣鼠资源数据库的建设。     

Following the red thread of information in information literacy research: Recovering local knowledge through interview to the double

To understand a complex social practice such as workplace information literacy and capture the nonnormative and nuanced local knowledges that are specific to the performance in a setting, requires that additional tools be added to information literacy researchers' methodological toolbox. One such tool, interview to the double (ITTD), is introduced and explored through a study that focused on understanding how aged-care workers developed their understanding of safety in the workplace. The addition of the ITTD technique was to recover local knowledges that are present in the daily routines of workers or available only at the moment of practice. The ITTD technique is described and its potential and limitations are also considered in relation to information literacy research.     

地方文献数字化:中国数字图书馆工程的信息基础

中国数字图书馆工程的总体目标是：实现中国数字图书馆的总体架构，在因特网上形成超大规模的、高质量的中信息资源库群，以支持国家整体创新体系的形成与发展。遍布全国的地方献正是中信息资源库群的重要组成部分。章简单介绍了数字图书馆和中国数字图书馆工程，同时论述了地方献数字化的意义和解决方案，指出地方献数字化是中国数字图书馆的基础信息。     

Producing an information leaflet to help patients access high quality drug information on the Internet: a local study

Objectives: To develop a patient information leaflet (PIL) to help local patients meet their drug information needs using the Internet, and to perform a preliminary evaluation of this tool. Methods: Development—a cross‐sectional survey of the drug information needs of local patients using a semi‐structured questionnaire; assessment of websites offering free, consumer‐orientated medicines information using set criteria; identification of consensus criteria to evaluate the quality of health‐related on‐line information; evaluation—views on a draft patient information leaflet from a focus group. Results: Those surveyed felt that being directed to high‐quality websites and being provided with assessment criteria for on‐line information would be useful. The three websites fulfilling most of the set quality criteria were Surgery Door ( www.surgerydoor.co.uk ), InteliHealth ( www.intelihealth.com ) and medline plus ( www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus ). The six most frequently cited assessment criteria were currency, authorship, commerciality, relevance, links and attribution. A draft leaflet was constructed listing the above three websites and six criteria along with tips on how to search the Internet effectively. A focus group reacted favourably. Conclusion: The Internet is a source of drug information—an information leaflet may help to guide local patients through its variable information quality.     

广州网上地方信息资源建设研究

本文对广州网上地方信息资源建设状况进行调查分析，概述了广州网上地方信息资源的类型与特点，分析了其利用效果，并对广州地方信息资源的建设相关问题提出一些看法。     

外包书商评价指标体系的构建研究

建立一套全面、系统、科学、实用的外包书商评价指标体系,是正确选择外包书商、保证图书馆藏书质量和有效利用购书经费的关键。文章阐述了评价指标体系的涵义,分析并阐明了我国图书馆外包书商评价指标体系的现状和构建意义,并从书商的基本资质、注册资金、CIS竞争力等十个方面对如何建立外包书商评价指标体系进行了系统研究。