超高压海水泵配流阀动态特性仿真研究

针对超高压海水泵配流阀运动滞后所引起海水泵容积效率降低的问题。分析了导致配流阀滞后的主要原因,建立了数学模型,运用AEMSim软件进行仿真。研究结果表明:随着余隙容积的增大,配流阀开启滞后现象越明显。随着吸液阀阀芯质量增加,对阀芯开启滞后影响较小,关闭滞后影响较大。在设计超高压海水泵时,要尽量减小柱塞腔的余隙容积和减小配流阀阀芯质量。     

水润滑复合橡胶轴承的摩擦学特性试验研究

以自来水为润滑介质 ,用 MPV- 2 0 0型摩擦磨损试验机分别研究了载荷、速度、运行时间等对 30 mm× 5 0mm复合橡胶轴承的摩擦系数和磨损率的影响 ,结果表明 :在较高载荷和较低转速下 ,形成了水膜动压润滑 ,轴承的摩擦系数和磨损率都较低。对作用机理进行了系统的分析 ,为水润滑橡胶轴承的实际应用提供理论依据     

水压滑靴副的润滑特性

为了提高水压滑靴副的抗倾覆能力,并且更加准确地认识其流动特性,提出了三腔独立支承的新型水压滑靴副结构,研究了其润滑特性比如抗倾覆能力和泄漏等。该结构采用独立阻尼和支承腔室的思路,通过独立刚度调节来增加滑靴副的抗倾覆能力。通过仿真计算与分析,对比了新型滑靴副和普通滑靴副的抗倾覆能力。同时, 综合考虑了水的流动惯性和表面粗糙度等因素,发现水压滑靴副水膜流场的流态可能为紊流,并不完全是纯层流状态,因此流态模型的差异将直接影响泄漏流量的计算结果,进一步影响到设计计算的准确性。研究结果为水压柱塞泵滑靴副的结构设计提供了一定的参考和更加准确的计算思路。     

类金刚石薄膜水润滑摩擦学特性研究进展

综述类金刚石薄膜水润滑摩擦学特性的研究进展,评述薄膜在水环境中的摩擦磨损特性,分析薄膜种类、元素掺杂、对摩材料以及微结构对DLC薄膜水润滑摩擦学特性的影响,并阐述DLC薄膜在水中的摩擦磨损机制。指出:DLC薄膜水润滑摩擦学特性受薄膜制备参数和摩擦试验环境影响,通过与微结构的耦合可以进一步改善类金刚石薄膜的摩擦学特性。同时还展望了类金刚石薄膜水润滑摩擦学未来研究方向。     

超高压海水泵水润滑轴承承载与散热仿真分析

水润滑滑动轴承是高压海水泵关键配对副,由于水介质的弱润滑性,轴承副存在严重的摩擦发热,进而引发热卡滞等问题。考虑轴承接触表面沟槽不同构形,建立了轴承的承载与散热模型,研究沟槽数量和形状对润滑支撑和散热的影响。仿真表明：四沟槽轴承的最大温升为39.14℃,八沟槽轴承的最大温升为24.77℃,两者相差36.7%,随着沟槽数量的增加,轴承散热性能得到优化;随着沟槽数量增加,轴承内表面的最大接触应力和变形量也随之增加,相较于四沟槽轴承,八沟槽轴承的最大接触应力增加了5%,最大变形量上升了12%。因此,综合考虑沟槽结构对轴承整体支撑性能和散热作用的影响,设计双向六沟槽螺旋结构,实现海水泵轴承副内循环冷却。     

润滑条件对黄豆/不锈钢摩擦副摩擦学行为的影响

食品机械加工中的摩擦磨损直接影响着食品安全问题。选用黄豆与316L不锈钢进行配副,采用滑动摩擦磨损试验机,研究干摩擦和水润滑条件对其摩擦学性能的影响。利用光学显微镜、光学三维形貌仪和红外光谱仪对试样的表面形貌、粗糙度和磨损表面成分进行了分析。结果表明：干摩擦条件下,黄豆/316L不锈钢摩擦副的平均摩擦因数波动较小,约为0.24,水润滑条件下其平均摩擦因数达到干摩擦条件下的4.4倍左右,且在摩擦过程中存在反复波动;与干摩擦相比,水润滑条件下不锈钢试样表面的磨痕宽度提高约10%,而黄豆试样表面的磨痕宽度的增加幅度约高达160%;水润滑摩擦过程中不锈钢磨痕表面产生更多黄豆分解的有机物,其磨痕表面的犁沟数量和深度均显著减少,黄豆试样磨痕表面基本没有犁沟;干摩擦条件下黄豆/不锈钢的磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主,而水润滑条件下,黏着磨损显著增加。     

水润滑橡胶轴承的摩擦磨损特性及机理研究

以含沙量不同的自来水为润滑介质，用MPV-200型摩擦磨损试验机分别研究了载荷、速度、运行时间等对水润滑橡胶轴承的摩擦系数和磨损率的影响，得出橡胶轴承在不同水质，不同工况下的摩擦学特性，并对作用机理进行了系统的分析，为水润滑橡胶轴承的实际应用提供理论依据。     

水润滑条件下制动材料摩擦学性能研究进展

汽车刹车片摩擦因数在雨天或湿润的环境里衰退到非常低的水平是一个很严重的问题,直接威胁到交通安全。但目前国内外关于摩擦材料的试验规范并没有涉及到水润滑条件,相关的研究应越来越受到人们的重视。介绍摩擦材料在水润滑条件下的摩擦性能及相关研究的现状,对比干、湿2种条件下的摩擦机制,表明水作为一种冷却介质和润滑介质,对摩擦材料性能产生了复杂的影响。提出水润滑条件下摩擦材料的研究方向。     

水润滑橡胶/镀镍钢配副摩擦磨损机理研究

对水润滑轴承专用橡胶／镀镍钢配副分别在干摩擦、边界润滑条件下用数显式高速环块摩擦磨损试验机进行了摩擦磨损试验，并借助SEM分析了其摩擦磨损机理。结果表明：千摩擦条件下主要为粘着磨损，边界润滑条件下主要为磨粒磨损。     

Multi-objective optimization of surface texture for the slipper/swash plate interface in EHA pumps

Well-designed surface textures can improve the tribological properties and the efficiency of the electro-hydrostatic actuator (EHA) pump under high-speed and high-pressure conditions. This study proposes a multi-objective optimization model to obtain the arbitrarily surface textures design of the slipper/swash plate interface for improving the mechanical and volumetric efficiency of the EHA pump. The model is composed of the lubrication film model, the component dynamic model considering the spinning motion, and the multi-objective optimization model. In this way, the arbitrary-shaped surface texture with the best comprehensive effect in the EHA pump is achieved and its positive effects in the EHA pump prototype are verified. Experimental results show a reduction in wear and an improvement in mechanical and volumetric efficiency by 1.4% and 0.8%, respectively, with the textured swash plate compared with the untextured one.     

轴向柱塞泵配流副润滑特性分析

配流副润滑特性直接影响柱塞泵的使用性能及工作特性,而油膜承载力是衡量润滑特性的重要指标,为此开展轴向柱塞泵配流副油膜承载力的研究。首先根据柱坐标下雷诺方程(Reynolds)推导配流副楔形油膜压力场模型,其次建立配流副稳态计算模型,借助CFD流场仿真软件分析油膜承载力对配流副润滑特性的重要影响。对比理论模型与仿真结果,验证理论模型的正确性,为轴向柱塞泵的性能优化奠定基础。     

斜盘式轴向柱塞泵的单片机流量控制研究

介绍了一种由单片机控制斜盘式轴向柱塞泵的变量机构,以及以步进电机驱动的数字控制轴向柱塞泵,包括数字泵的工作原理,硬件的设计思路和主程序框图。通过控制步进电机的运动来实现对柱塞泵流量的精确控制。     

Effect of rubber on tribological behaviors of polyamide 66 under dry and water lubricated sliding

The friction and wear behaviors of polyamide 66 (PA 66) and rubber-filled PA 66 (PA 66/SEBS-g-MA) composites were investigated on a block-on-wheel model friction and wear tester under dry sliding and water lubricating conditions. In order to further understand the wear mechanisms, the worn surfaces and scraps of samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The experimental results indicated that the wear mass loss and the friction coefficient of PA 66 decreased with the addition of rubber particles. The friction coefficients of PA 66 and PA 66/SEBS-g-MA composites under water lubricating condition are lower than those under dry sliding condition, but the wear mass losses are higher than those under dry sliding condition. The main wear mechanisms under dry sliding condition are the plastic deformation and mechanical microploughing. Whereas the main wear mechanisms under water lubricating condition are the mechanical microploughing and abrasive wear.     

New insights into wear of Ti6Al4V by ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene under water lubricated conditions

Laboratory studies indicate that sliding Ti6Al4V against soft ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) pins produces severe damage to the titanium and the lubricant (water) changes colour suggesting chemical change. Blackening of periprosthetic tissues associated with titanium wear debris was also observed in clinical investigations. To increase scientific understanding of the mechanism involved, systematic characterisation work has been conducted employing grow discharge spectrometry (composition), scanning electron microscopy (wear morphology) and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (phase identification). Experimental results show that hydrogen may play an important role in promoting the formation of abrasive particles in the Ti6Al4V/UHMWPE tribosystem under water lubricated conditions. The observed abnormal wear of Ti6Al4V by soft UHMWPE can be to a large extent attributed to hydrogen evolution and formation of titanium hydride. Based on experimental results and discussion, a hydrogen-assisted wear mechanism is proposed.     

Improvement of tribological characteristics under water lubrication of DLC-coatings by surface polishing

To achieve a hydraulic power system, it is important to control tribology because water has a lack of lubricity. Therefore, coated surface is necessary under water lubrication. Diamond-like-carbon (DLC)-coating is known as a useful material because of its high hardness and low friction, therefore it can be used as a coating durable for the water lubrication. Deposition methods of DLC-coating are developed in various ways. Particles called “droplets” are observed on the surface of DLC-coating depends on deposition methods and it can affect friction and wear properties. In this study, DLC-coating was prepared using a multi-cathode unbalanced magnetron sputtering (UBMS) system. The surface was polished with diamond slurry solution and aero lap to remove droplets. DLC-coatings were evaluated by tribo-tests before and after polishing. It is considered that some surface modification occurred. Moreover, the results of tribo-tests show that friction coefficients became lower and more stable than before polishing. Although partial delamination was observed after tribo-tests without polishing, no appreciable wear was observed after polishing.     

锥形缸体斜柱塞泵的回程机构分析与设计

锥形缸体斜柱塞泵是在传统的柱形缸体直柱塞泵基础上发展而来的,其性能比柱形缸体直柱塞泵更为优良,但设计和加工难度也更大,其中锥形缸体斜柱塞泵的回程机构关系到泵的性能和寿命.在该文中,对锥形缸体斜柱塞泵回程机构的结构及受力进行了分析,计算出回程力和中心弹簧预压力,给出了回程盘几何尺寸,其结果可作为锥形缸体斜柱塞泵回程机构的设计依据.     

On the influence of surface finish of SSiC on the results of tribological laboratory tests in the case of water lubricated oscillating sliding

The development of materials for tribological applications requires characterisation of their friction and wear behaviour. This characterisation is often based on tribological model testing, working with simple shaped specimens, running under well-defined conditions. Discrepancies in test results may arise from the fact that non-standard tests with different sets of operational parameters are used. An essential starting point for the development of tribological standards is knowledge of the main parameters that influence the tribological properties. One aspect that is not often adequately taken into account is the surface finish of the test specimens. Results are presented of friction and wear tests with self-mated SSiC couples (ball on disc), running in water in an oscillating sliding mode. The surfaces of the disc were ground, lapped, or polished, respectively, running against a polished ball. For certain test conditions, the influence of the surface finish on wear is found to be negligible, while for other conditions, the wear rate can differ by one order of magnitude or even more. The consequences for the standardisation of wear tests of ceramic materials are discussed.     

An investigation on component and formation of tribochemical film in Si3N4-white iron sliding pair lubricated with distilled water

A tribofilm was formed during wear tests of a Si₃N₄-white iron pair lubricated with distilled water. In order to clarify the formation of the film, the wear tests for Si₃N₄-white iron pair with different sliding distances were carried out on a ring-block tester, using distilled water as lubricant. The worn surfaces of white iron specimens were observed under SEM. Furthermore, the component and structure of the film were analyzed by using AES, XPS, FTIR and XRD. From the investigation, the following results are presented. During the wear tests of Si₃N₄-white iron pair lubricated with distilled water, the oxidation and hydrolysis of Si₃N₄ occur on the wearing surfaces, and a tribochemical film, which mainly consists of silica gel, is formed on the wearing surface. The reason for the film formation is that the carbides in cast iron spall off during the wearing tests and the spalling pits are left on the wearing surface of the white iron. Then, the debris of Si₃N₄ or its oxidized product are embedded into the pits, and are further oxidized and hydrolyzed. The products of reactions are concentrated in the pits and polycondensed into silica gel, and a silica gel film is formed on the wearing surface. The film protects both Si₃N₄ and white iron, and makes the paired surfaces smooth. Therefore, the friction coefficient of the pair is down to 0·02, and the wear rates of Si₃N₄ and iron are near zero. However, because the resultants of oxidation and hydrolysis of Si₃N₄ can not be enriched on the wearing surface of carbon steel to form an effective tribofilm, both friction coefficient and wear rate of Si₃N₄-carbon steel pair lubricated with distilled water are still high in value.     

织构化轴向柱塞泵配流副的摩擦特性试验研究

为改善轴向柱塞泵配流副的摩擦学特性,延长其使用寿命,选择具有不同参数的微凹坑对配流副进行织构化,并在自行研制的试验机上对其进行试验研究.研究结果表明:在相同的压紧力和转速下,合理的表面织构设计可以使摩擦系数相对于无织构试件有着明显的降低,并且使其摩擦表面的磨损量降低9.5％.