转谷氨酰胺酶改善大豆组织蛋白肉丸品质

为了获得高品质的肉丸制品,以添加大豆组织蛋白的肉丸为研究对象,采用转谷氨酰胺酶对其进行酶解改性.通过单因素试验和响应面优化试验,研究不同酶解条件对大豆组织蛋白肉丸品质的影响.结果表明:三因素对肉丸品质的影响主次顺序依次为酶添加量＞反应温度＞反应时间,最佳工艺条件为酶添加量0.3％、反应温度53℃、反应时间122min,在此条件下,产品的感官评分为22.5,比未改性产品的感官评分提高了0.8.综上所述,转谷氨酰胺酶能显著改善大豆组织蛋白肉丸的品质,具有较高的开发利用价值.     

大豆分离蛋白的酶改性与水解处理对猪肉火腿肠品质的影响

研究了大豆分离蛋白的谷氨酰胺转移酶(MTG)改性与水解处理及其添加量对猪肉火腿肠品质的影响。分别对火腿肠保水性、质构指标、色泽及感官品质进行测定。结果表明:添加不同处理蛋白,产品的保水性均有显著的提高(P0.05),且随着蛋白添加量的增大而增大。在相同添加量下,添加大豆水解蛋白的火腿肠的保水性最高;添加MTG改性蛋白的产品的质构特性最好,大豆水解蛋白可以改善火腿肠的硬度,蛋白的添加使产品的L值增大,a值、b值降低;感官评定结果显示,3种蛋白均能改善火腿肠品质,其中MTG改性蛋白最明显。因此,MTG改性蛋白及大豆水解蛋白在改善火腿肠品质方面均有各自的优势,考虑成本问题,可以与大豆分离蛋白复配应用到实际生产中,利用大豆水解蛋白良好的生理生化特性开发营养型的火腿肠是可行的。     

大豆组织蛋白在重组肉糜制品中的应用

研究了大豆组织蛋白对重组肉糜制品的感官评价、色差、出品率、微观结构等品质指标的影响。结果表明:添加大豆组织蛋白对肉糕的风味、色泽、质地、口感等感官指标都有显著的影响;大豆组织蛋白的添加改善了肉糕的微观结构,并显著提高了肉糕的出品率,10%的添加量使肉糕出品率达到了94.71%;肉糕感官品质之间均存在显著的相关性,L*、a*和b*之间存在极显著的相关性。     

花生蛋白在低温肉制品中的应用研究

本文以花生蛋白为研究对象,以大豆蛋白粉和大豆分离蛋白为对比,研究了添加3种不同蛋白对三明治火腿的质构和感官性质的影响。通过试验分析可知：在产品质构方面,花生蛋白和大豆蛋白粉都不如大豆分离蛋白,但在感官品质方面相差不大,且使用花生蛋白能降低产品成本。     

利用生物技术研制低脂白羽鸡肉丸

目的:利用复合磷酸盐、大豆分离蛋白、复配亲水胶和转谷氨酰胺酶研制新型低脂白羽鸡肉丸产品,并分析其质构与感官品质。方法:以硬度和感官为指标,利用单因素试验和响应面法筛选、优化配方,并进行感官评定。结果:白羽鸡肉丸的最佳制作工艺是:大豆分离蛋白1.58%(体积分数,下同),转谷氨酰胺酶0.59%,复配亲水胶0.26%,复合磷酸盐0.26%。在降低脂肪的同时,产品感官品质得以提高。结论:利用生物技术研制的新型低脂白羽鸡肉丸具有低脂、健康、风味佳的特点。     

大豆组织蛋白丸子配方的优化研究

采用大豆组织蛋白为主料制作丸子,既能提高产品的营养价值,又能降低生产成本。通过单纯形格子法对大豆组织蛋白丸子配方进行研究分析,并利用质构仪来测定丸子的质地特征。结果表明：组织蛋白对丸子的弹性影响最大,大豆分离蛋白在咀嚼性、回复性和感官评定都起着重要作用。综合考虑成本与各因素指标,确定组织蛋白丸子配方为猪肉14.9%、大豆组织蛋白59.6%,大豆分离蛋白5%、变性淀粉13.4%、豆油7.1%,在该条件下制得丸子的弹性、咀嚼性、回复性和感官评定分别为0.921、1469.323、0.510和21.62,与预测值相对误差均在±1%以内,说明利用该方法建立的模型进行预测生产是可行的。     

大豆分离蛋白对调理重组牛肉品质特性的影响

为探讨大豆分离蛋白添加量对调理重组牛肉制品品质特性的影响,以碎牛肉为实验原料,经过调理和重组工艺,研究不同大豆分离蛋白添加量对产品的各项品质特性的影响。结果表明:随着大豆分离蛋白添加量的增加,调理重组牛肉制品的解冻损失显著降低(P0.05),出品率显著提高(P0.05),产品的质构特性得到显著改善(P0.05),黏结强度显著增强(P0.05),但是产品的色泽变暗(P0.05)。另外,低场核磁检测发现,增加大豆分离蛋白的添加量,T_(2b)和T_(21)的弛豫时间均逐渐变短,而T_(22)的弛豫时间逐渐延长,说明产品的保水性逐渐增强。对产品进行感官评价表明,大豆分离蛋白添加量为2.0%时,产品品质最好。综合考虑产品品质和感官质量,确定在调理重组牛肉制品中大豆分离蛋白的最佳添加量为2.0%。     

超声处理对大豆分离蛋白凝胶和感官特性影响

采用超声技术对大豆分离蛋白进行处理,探索超声处理条件对大豆分离蛋白的凝胶特性和感官特性的影响。以20 k Hz超声频率在不同处理功率、时间、温度和大豆分离蛋白分散液p H值对大豆分离蛋白进行处理。试验结果表明随着超声处理强度的增强大豆分离蛋白的凝胶特性变弱,感官评分降低。大豆分离蛋白分散液在p H8.0和9.0时超声处理形成的凝胶品质最高。超声处理配合蛋白分散液p H调整能够用来对大豆分离蛋白进行改性。     

原辅料对动植物双蛋白肠物理特性及感官品质的影响

研究原辅料对动植物双蛋白肠物理特性及感官品质的影响,以确定配料种类及用量。文章考察了大豆拉丝蛋白质量分数、猪肉质量分数、大豆分离蛋白和花生蛋白粉比例、猪肉肥瘦比例、卡拉胶质量分数、乙酰化双淀粉己二酸酯质量分数对动植物双蛋白肠含水量、持水性、蒸煮得率、感官评分的影响。结果表明,当拉丝蛋白质量分数超过78%时,持水性和感官品质随之下降;猪肉质量分数在24%时持水性和蒸煮得率最低;花生蛋白粉用量逐渐增加,物理特性均减弱;猪肉肥瘦比例在4:1、3:2、2:3时感官评分最佳;卡拉胶未显著提升产品的物理特性及感官特性;乙酰化双淀粉己二酸酯质量分数超过10%,口感评分下降。研究结果为开发动植物双蛋白食品奠定了基础。     

不同来源蛋白对谷朊粉挤压组织化产品特性的影响

以谷朊粉为主要原料,研究分别添加花生蛋白、豌豆蛋白、大豆分离蛋白对谷朊粉挤压组织化产品特性的影响。结果表明:花生蛋白、豌豆蛋白、大豆分离蛋白的添加对谷朊粉挤压组织化产品特性均有显著性影响。随着蛋白粉添加量的增大,产品色泽呈现不同程度降低,花生蛋白和豌豆蛋白降幅平缓,大豆分离蛋白下降迅速;添加适量的花生蛋白(10%~20%)可以改善产品感官品质和质构特性(硬度、咀嚼度略有下降);添加适量的豌豆蛋白(20%)、大豆分离蛋白(20%)均可提高产品质构特性。     

Effect of full-fat soy paste and textured soy granules on quality and shelf-life of goat meat nuggets in frozen storage

Goat meat nuggets were prepared using commercially available textured soy granules and reduced beany flavour full-fat soy paste (FFSP) made by simple processing technology to compare the performance of these proteins in a comminuted meat system. Addition of soy proteins (soy paste and soy granules) did not significantly affect the product yield, pH, moisture and fat percentage whereas protein content and water holding capacity (% expressible water) were significantly (p>0.05) lower in nuggets with 15% soy paste. Lower force was required to compress or shear the sample as hardness, springiness, gumminess and chewiness decreased in soy paste incorporated nuggets. Soy proteins either paste or granules, did not affect sensory attributes except flavour and overall acceptability. Nuggets with soy paste and control ones did not differ significantly for flavour and overall acceptability whereas nuggets with soy granules were rated significantly (p>0.05) lower. The nuggets remained stable with minor changes in physico-chemical, microbiological and sensory quality during frozen storage (-18±1°C) for 90days. It is concluded from this study that FFSP could be successfully incorporated in comminuted meat systems for producing quality products similar to commercially available soy granules.     

大豆组织蛋白在猪肉丸中的应用

本课题研究了不同大豆组织蛋白添加量对猪肉丸品质的影响,并从工艺及配方上对影响产品质量的各因素进行了探讨,获得了新型高蛋白猪肉丸,其中大豆组织蛋白替代猪肉用量达42.9%,使制品蛋白质含量提高58.6%,脂肪含量下降22.1%,成本节约300元/100Kg,而质量保持稳定.     

Physicochemical, textural, sensory characteristics and storage stability of goat meat patties extended with full-fat soy paste and soy granules

The performance of full‐fat soy paste (FFSP) with reduced beany flavour made by simple processing technology was compared with the commercially available textured soy granules in goat meat patties. Addition of soy proteins (soy paste and soy granules) did not significantly affect the emulsion stability and product yield. Shrinkage of patties with soy paste was comparable with control. A significant (P < 0.05) reduction in redness and increase in yellowness of patties was due to addition of soy proteins than in control. Patties with soy paste had comparable but slightly higher total lipid and cholesterol content with that of control but significantly (P < 0.05) higher than patties with soy granules. Lower force was required to compress or shear the sample, as hardness decreased in soy‐added patties. Flavour and overall acceptability scores between control and patties with soy paste did not differ significantly, whereas patties with soy granules were rated significantly lower. The patties remained stable with minor changes in physicochemical, microbiological and sensory quality during refrigerated storage (4 ± 1 °C) for 20 days. It is concluded from this study that FFSP had potential application similar to commercially available textured soy granules in comminuted meat products.     

大豆蛋白生产与应用现状

该文综述大豆蛋白制品—大豆蛋白粉、大豆分离蛋白、大豆浓缩蛋白、大豆组织蛋白生产现状、存在问题及大豆蛋白在面制品、肉制品、乳制品、饮料制品等中应用现状。     

Frankfurters with Lean Finely Textured Tissue as Affected by Ingredients

Increasing salt concentration from 1.5 to 2.5% increased the emulsion stability of frankfurters made with lean finely textured tissue (LFTT). Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) at 0.25% improved stability and texture as well as processing and consumer cooking yields. Kappa (K)-carra-geenan (0.5%) reduced cooking losses and increased firmness. Isolated soy protein (ISP) at 2% also improved product stability and firmness but lowered sensory scores. The effect of ISP on sensory scores was greater for those frankfurters produced from lean finely textured beef than for those with lean finely textured pork. Increasing NaCl concentration or including STPP and K-carrageenan may improve comminuted meat products which contain 50% LFTT substituted for lean meat.     

Sensory Characters of Thuringer Sausage Extended with Textured Soy Protein

Thuringer sausage was formulated by extending with 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% hydrated soy protein. The fermented sausages were smoked and aged appropriately prior to sensory evaluation by a 25 member panel on an eight-point hedonic scale. pH increased with soy level in the freshly formulated meat emulsion; however, the pH levels did not vary (P < 0.05) among the fermented smoked sausages. An inverse linear relationship between sensory panel scores and soy content was found. The means of the scores ranged between 5.7 and 6.5 (liked moderately to liked very much) with no score under 5.0. Thuringer sausage was extended with up to 10% textured soy protein without affecting consumer acceptability.     

添加剂对豌豆蛋白高水分组织化挤出物品质的影响及复配配方优化

以豌豆蛋白为原料,基于因子分析的综合评分法及Box-Behnken响应面法探究海藻酸钠、L-半胱氨酸、复合磷酸盐添加量对组织化豌豆蛋白的配方优化.因子分析结果表明,可将组织化豌豆蛋白制品的15项评价指标分为质构因子、色泽因子、吸附因子、溶解性因子及感官因子等五个相互独立的公因子,根据各样本因子得分及因子权重计算出综合得...     

TEXTURE ANALYSIS OF TEXTURED SOY PROTEIN PRODUCTS: RELATIONS BETWEEN INSTRUMENTAL AND SENSORY EVALUATION*

The Minnesota Texture Method, designed to differentiate objectively textural differences in commercial textured soy protein (TSP) products and their mixtures with ground beef, was correlated statistically with sensory evaluation. The results indicated substantial predictability of sensory evaluations from MTM on eight selected commercial TSP products and their mixtures with ground beef.