宏基因组二代测序在儿童布鲁氏菌脑炎诊治中的应用价值探索北大核心CSCD

目的探索脑脊液宏基因组二代测序(metagenomics next generation sequencing,mNGS)在中枢神经系统布鲁氏菌感染中的诊治价值。方法收集2020年11月至2021年2月山东大学附属儿童医院住院并临床疑诊为中枢神经系统布鲁氏菌感染的2例患者的临床资料分析儿童中枢神经系统布鲁氏菌感染的临床、实验室检查结果的特点,探索mNGS在布鲁氏菌脑炎临床诊治中的应用。结果2例患者均有羊接触史,均为急性起病伴发热,1例头晕,1例颈肩部疼痛伴有呕吐。影像学检查表现为半卵圆中心受累。脑脊液常规白细胞计数升高,以单核细胞为主,蛋白质水平增加,葡萄糖水平降低。脑脊液mNGS检测出布鲁氏菌的核酸序列数为(175~389)条,覆盖度为(0.05~0.11)%。结论脑脊液mNGS能够辅助中枢神经系统布鲁氏菌感染的临床诊断,有利于患者的及时诊疗。     

12例脑并殖吸虫病临床特点分析

目的探讨脑并殖吸虫病的临床特征、实验室检查和影像学特点,为临床医师提供更加丰富的医学资料。方法收集并分析首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院在2011年1月—2017年10月收治确诊的12例脑并殖吸虫病患者的病例资料。结果脑并殖吸虫病的主要临床表现是头痛、癫痫发作和颅内出血,12例患者均有明确的流行病学史。9例患者并殖吸虫抗体Ig G呈现阳性;8例患者外周血嗜酸粒细胞升高;7例患者颅内压增高;7例患者脑脊液蛋白升高;8例患者脑脊液中WBC及嗜酸性粒细胞数升高;7例患者脑脊液总Ig G升高;头颅MR见所有患者表现为多发病灶,9例患者病灶位于枕叶,具有多发环状特征,10例T1加权成像,11例T2加权成像表现为高信号,病灶周围伴有水肿带,3例患者有颅内出血征象。12例患者使用吡喹酮治疗均达到临床治愈标准。结论本文通过系统总结12例脑并殖吸虫病患者的流行病学史、临床表现和实验室检查结果,为临床医师对该病的诊治提供依据。     

7例北京地区新型冠状病毒肺炎的临床及实验室特征分析

目的　分析由新型冠状病毒感染引起的新型冠状病毒肺炎的临床及实验室特征。方法　回顾性分析2020年1月24日—3月8日在中国医学大学航空总医院接诊并诊断明确的新型冠状病毒肺炎患者相关资料,包括流行病学史、临床特征、影像学及实验室检查数据。结果　2020年1月24日—3月8日,中国医学大学航空总医院共筛查76例发热患者,7例确诊为新型冠状病毒肺炎。7例患者均有武汉旅居史或与武汉返程人员接触史,4/7的患者年龄在41～65岁,4/7的患者合并基础性疾病。所有患者均为轻型或普通型,6/7的患者有发热症状,4/7的患者有咳嗽或咽痛症状,没有患者出现腹泻或呼吸困难。影像学结果表明,6/7的患者胸部CT均存在大小不等团片状磨玻璃影,其内均可见细密网格影,至少有1处病变紧贴胸膜。实验室检查结果表明,3/7患者淋巴细胞计数减少,4/7患者CRP升高,3/6患者D-二聚体升高。7例患者新型冠状病毒核酸检测均为阳性,经抗病毒及对症治疗治愈。结论　新型冠状病毒肺炎症状因人而异,该疾病的诊断应综合患者的流行病学史、临床表现、CT及实验室检查结果等信息。     

14例肺吸虫病误诊为结核的原因及胸部CT表现分析

目的探讨肺吸虫病患者的临床表现、胸部CT特征,分析肺吸虫病误诊肺结核的原因。方法对2011年1月至2015年3月本院收治临床确诊14例肺吸虫病患者的临床及CT系列片影像学表现进行回顾性分析,总结肺吸虫病误诊肺结核的原因。结果 14例患者,有明确流行病学史12例;临床表现:咳嗽、咳痰、胸痛8例;发热、盗汗4例;气促5例;皮疹2例;皮下游走性包块3例。嗜酸性粒细胞分类增高10例。影像学表现:支气管周围炎4例;肺浸润性改变9例,表现为单侧或双侧斑片、条片状影,边界模糊;典型"隧道征"6例;囊状影2例。胸腔积液11例。病灶呈游走性4例。14例患者行血清肺吸虫抗体检查(ELISA法),均呈阳性反应。经吡喹酮治疗后,临床症状明显好转。结论胸部CT在肺吸虫病及肺结核的鉴别诊断中具有重要价值,放射科医师应正确判读肺吸虫病的CT影像学改变,还应重视肺吸虫病各期胸部CT及系列片影像学特点与肺结核的差异。可疑影像学改变应主动询问患者病史、挖掘流行病学史,必要时进行体格检查;最终结合实验室检查,尽可能避免误诊、漏诊。     

《影像学诊断布鲁氏菌性脊柱炎专家共识》解读

布鲁氏菌性脊柱炎是一种全球性分布的人畜共患的感染性疾病。影像学检查在布鲁氏菌性脊柱炎的早期诊断、术前评价及疗效监测方面发挥着至关重要的作用。因该病临床症状并无特异性,故依据影像学表现进行诊断与鉴别诊断意义重大。基于循证医学指南方法学制订的布鲁氏菌性脊柱炎的影像诊断专家共识中,推荐了针对本病的影像学成像方法,包括DR、CT与MRI检查;通过循证医学证据及专家意见,认为DR+MRI二者联合应用作为推荐的检测手段,对于布鲁氏菌性脊柱炎患者诊断有较高的准确性,有较低检测费用,较低辐射伤害;将布鲁氏菌性脊柱炎影像学分期为急性期、亚急性期和慢性期;提出综合流行病学史、临床表现、实验室、影像学和组织病理学检查作为布鲁氏菌性脊柱炎的诊断依据。本文重点对布鲁氏菌性脊柱炎的影像诊断标准进行解读,以期为临床对本病的正确诊断及合理治疗提供科学依据。     

布鲁氏菌性血流感染并发脑膜炎1例

目的 为提高临床医生对布鲁氏菌性血流感染合并脑膜炎的诊治、改善患者预后，因此本文对布鲁氏菌亚急性感染期快速出现脑膜炎并发症的个案进行报告。方法 回顾性分析厦门医学院附属第二医院的1例布鲁氏菌血流感染病人快速进展为中枢神经系统布鲁氏菌病的流行病学史、临床表现以及诊断和治疗，结合相关检索文献分析并讨论，从中获取诊疗经验。结果 该例患者经过及时诊治后脑膜炎症状迅速改善，未再出现发热症状。结论 对布鲁氏菌病患者尤其是中枢神经系统布鲁氏菌病患者及时做出诊断和治疗具有重要意义。     

2019新型冠状病毒肺炎早期临床特征分析

目的 总结分析2019新型冠状病毒肺炎(NCP)患者早期的临床和影像学特征。方法 回顾性分析2020年1月18日至2020年2月3日北京清华长庚医院发热门诊确诊的9例新型冠状病毒感染患者的临床和影像学资料。结果 9例患者中男5例,女4例,年龄15~48岁,中位年龄为36岁。其中8例患者无基础疾病,1例有糖尿病。7例患者均有武汉或湖北旅行史,1例患者为医务人员,出现两起家庭聚集性发病。潜伏期1~6 d,临床表现为发热8例,干咳5例,咽痛4例,乏力4例,全身酸痛4例,鼻塞流涕1例。6例患者外周血常规异常,其中3例单核细胞计数升高,2例淋巴细胞计数降低,1例白细胞计数升高,3例血常规完全正常。5例患者外周血C反应蛋白(CRP)轻度升高,4例患者CRP正常,中位数为16.3 mg/L。5例患者行降钙素原检查均为阴性。3例患者行X线胸片检查,1例无异常,1例表现为右上肺渗出影,1例表现为右下肺渗出影。9例患者均行胸部高分辨率CT(HRCT)检查:其中7例表现为肺部多发的磨玻璃样渗出影,累及双肺5例,累及单侧肺2例,3例伴有斑片状实变影,2例无异常。结论 在北京发热门诊就诊的2019新型冠状病毒感染患者一般具有明确的流行病学史,临床主要表现为发热和咳嗽,外周血白细胞计数正常,降钙素原阴性,胸部HRCT表现为多发的磨玻璃影、部分病灶伴有实变,部分患者X线胸片正常而胸部HRCT显示为肺炎,部分患者无肺炎表现。     

18例误诊为肺结核的胸肺型并殖吸虫病患者临床特点分析

目的探讨误诊为肺结核的胸肺型并殖吸虫病患者的临床特征、实验室检查结果和影像学特点,分析误诊原因,为临床医师进行鉴别诊断提供依据。方法收集并分析首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院在2016年2月—2019年2月收治确诊的18例误诊为肺结核的胸肺型并殖吸虫病患者的病例资料。结果 18例胸肺型并殖吸虫病患者的主要临床表现是发热、咳嗽和胸腔积液。此外,5例患者出现腹痛,3例患者出现皮下结节,1例患者出现头痛,18例患者均有明确的流行病学史。15例患者并殖吸虫IgG抗体呈阳性;17例患者外周血嗜酸性粒细胞水平升高;16例患者出现胸腔积液,其中左侧胸腔积液4例,右侧胸腔积液5例,双侧胸腔积液7例,胸水均为渗出液;胸部CT见10例患者表现为索条、实变及磨玻璃密度灶,6例出现肺部多发结节,3例出现胸膜肥厚。18例患者使用吡喹酮治疗后均达到临床治愈标准。结论本文通过系统总结18例误诊为肺结核的胸肺型并殖吸虫病患者的流行病学史、临床表现和实验室检查结果,为提高临床医师对该病的鉴别诊断提供依据,避免误诊、误治。     

6例利什曼原虫感染所致噬血细胞综合征的临床特点

目的分析6例表现为噬血细胞综合征的内脏利什曼病患者临床特点,为提高临床医师的诊治水平提供依据。方法收集我院于2017年1月—2018年11月收治确诊的6例表现为噬血细胞综合征的内脏利什曼病患者的临床资料,并进行分析。结果 6例患者均有明确的流行病学史,临床表现主要为发热、三系下降及肝脾肿大;免疫球蛋白、甘油三酯、血清铁蛋白、可溶性CD25表达水平的各项平均值均明显升高,血清白蛋白及NK细胞活性均明显下降;细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10、IL-18、IP-10、TNF-α以及IFN-γ含量明显升高,但IL-12p70未见明显变化;利什曼原虫抗体均为阳性,骨髓细胞学涂片或培养均可查见利什曼原虫。结论利什曼原虫感染所致的噬血细胞综合征表现复杂,采集流行病学史,明确血液细胞学、骨髓细胞学、免疫学及病原学检查对于明确诊断具有重要意义。     

云南省儿童并殖吸虫病临床与影像学特征分析

目的 探讨儿童并殖吸虫病的临床表现、实验室检查与影像学表现,提高对儿童并殖吸虫病的诊断能力。 方法 以昆明市第三人民医院 2016 年 1 月 1 日至 2019 年 12 月 31 日确诊或临床诊断为并殖吸虫病的 47 例儿童为研究对象,回顾分析其临床表现、实验室检查及影像学表现资料。 结果 47 例患者中,男性 40 例,女性 7 例,年龄为 4~ 14 岁。 患儿均为云南籍,其中昭通地区 42 例,文山地区 4 例,玉溪地区 1 例。 所有患儿均有生食溪蟹史。 临床常见症状包括发热、咳嗽、咳痰、胸痛及头痛、腹痛等。 实验室检查外周血嗜酸性粒细胞增多 46 例,患者免疫球蛋白 IgE 升高 42 例。 影像学检查 43 例有胸腔积液,27 例出现肺实变,其中伴“虫体隧道征”13 例。 结论 儿童并殖吸虫病应根据血常规检查和胸部影像学检查结果,结合患儿流行病史和临床表现进行综合诊断,以减少误诊,做 到早诊断、早治疗。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

N-acetyl-L-cysteine combined with mesalamine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis： Randomized,placebo-controlled pilot study

AIM： To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral N-acetyl-L-cysteine （NAC） co-administration with mesalamine in ulcerative colitis （UC） patients.
METHODS： Thirty seven patients with mild to moderate UC were randomized to receive a four-wk course of oral mesalamine （2.4 g/d） plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （0.8 g/d） （group A） or mesalamine plus placebo （group B）. Patients were monitored using the Modified Truelove-Witts Severity Index （MTWSI）. The primary endpoint was clinical remission （MTWSI ≤ 2） at 4 wk. Secondary endpoints were clinical response （defined as a reduction from baseline in the MTWSI of ≥ 2 points） and drug safety. The serum TNF-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and MCP-1 were evaluated at baseline and at 4 wk of treatment. RESULTS： Analysis per-protocol criteria showed clinical remission rates of 63% and 50% after 4 wk treatment with mesalamine plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （group A） and mesalamine plus placebo （group B） respectively （OR = 1.71; 95% CI： 0.46 to 6.36; P = 0.19; NNT = 7.7）. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） of data indicated a significant reduction of MTWSI in group A （P = 0.046） with respect to basal condition without significant changes in the group B （P = 0.735） during treatment. Clinical responses were 66% （group A） vs 44% （group B） after 4 wk of treatment （OR = 2.5; 95% CI： 0.64 to 9.65; P = 0.11; NNT = 4.5）. Clinical improvement in group A correlated with a decrease of IL-8 and MCP-1. Rates of adverse events did not differ significantly between both groups.
CONCLUSION： In group A （oral NAC combined with mesalamine） contrarily to group B （mesalamine alone）, the clinical improvement correlates with a decrease of chemokines such as MCP-1 and IL-8. NAC addition not produced any side effects.     

Delorme's transrectal excision for internal rectal prolapse

Surgical therapy of functional outlet obstruction in patients with internal rectal intussusception may include abdominal, perineal, or transrectal procedures. Because abdominal procedures often result in significant physiologic impact but unrelieved constipation, the authors have elected Delorme's transrectal excision for management of these patients. Since a short-term placebo effect attends many therapies, this report describes results of transrectal excision only after a threeyear postoperative period. Delorme's transrectal excision of internal intussusception accomplished sustained symptomatic relief in over 70 percent of otherwise refractory constipated patients. The association of internal intussusception with other abnormalities underscores the importance of defining both anatomic and functional components when selecting patients whose constipation may require surgical therapy. Critical technical elements, surgical pitfalls, and potential complications of the procedure are discussed.Poster presentation at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Toronto, Canada, June 11 to 16, 1989.     

The oral glucose tolerance test: A comparison of the time points on the basis of limit values,normal dispersion,and reproducibility

Summary Time points in the glucose tolerance test (GTT) are compared on the basis of limit values, dispersion within a reference population, and reproducibility. We suggest using the distance between a limit value and the median reference value as a measure of the magnitude of abnormality. The distance between 140 mg/100 ml and the median fasting plasma glucose value is chosen as a standard distance and limits for other points in the GTT are calculated to equal this standard distance of abnormality. We suggest that the probability of correctly interpreting an inividual result is directly related to the reproducibility of the test and inversely related to the percentage of the total range of values which is dispersed among the normal population. The ratio of reproducibility to percentage normal dispersion is proposed as an index of the probability of correctly interpreting an individual result. According to this index, the probability of correct interpretation varies in order: fasting plasma glucose concentration>3-h>2-h>0.5-h>1-h plasma glucose concentration.