固相合成AZ91D镁合金的组织和性能

利用固相合成方法在挤压比为11∶1的条件下,将AZ91D镁合金屑分别在573、623、673和723 K时制备成试样,对试样进行微观组织观察和力学性能测试。结果表明:在573~673 K时,AZ91D镁合金的抗拉强度和延伸率随合成温度的升高而增大,高于673 K时其抗拉强度和延伸率随合成温度的升高而降低,在合成温度为673 K时,其抗拉强度最高,达到384.4 MPa;在热挤出过程中氧化层被均匀弥散在组织中且发生动态再结晶,使固相合成AZ91D镁合金的力学性能与铸态和用铸锭热挤出制备的镁合金相比明显提高,在合成温度为673 K时,其延伸率为5.8%,比铸态增加152%;AZ91D镁合金屑在挤出过程中不能完全结合且出现较多的微裂纹,使其延伸率与铸锭热挤出制备的AZ91D镁合金相比低44%。     

机械振动对消失模铸造镁合金组织及力学性能的影响

研究机械振动对消失模铸造AZ91合金微观组织和力学性能的影响,并分析凝固过程中机械振动细化晶粒的机制。结果表明:机械振动能显著地细化消失模铸造AZ91合金的组织,合金组织由α-Mg固溶体、沉淀Mg17Al12和新相Al13Mn12组成,其铝锰相有别于不施加振动时的Al32Mn25相;机械振动较大幅度改善了合金的力学性能,当激振力为1.5kN时,AZ91合金抗拉强度相对于不振动时提高27%,其合金力学性能最优;而当激振力进一步增加时,由于组织中存在着微观缩松,强度有所降低。机械振动法通过增大过冷度、剪切力碎化枝晶和使枝晶臂熔断来细化晶粒。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of die-cast AZ91D magnesium alloy by Pr additions

Mg-9Al-xPr (x=0.4, 0.8 and 1.2, mass fraction, %) magnesium alloys were prepared by high-pressure die-casting technique. The effects of Pr on the microstructures of die-cast Mg-9Al based alloy were investigated by XRD and SEM. Needle-like Al11Pr3 phase and polygon Al6Mn6Pr phase are found in the microstructure. With 0.4% Pr addition, fine needle-like Al11Pr3 phase and a small amount of polygon Al6Mn6Pr phase near the grain boundary are found in the microstructure. Increasing Pr addition to 0.8%, lots of coarse needle-like Al11Pr3 phase within grain and polygon Al6Mn6Pr phase on grain boundary are observed. Further increasing Pr addition, the size of needle-like Al11Pr3 phase decreases, while the size of polygon Al6Mn6Pr relatively increases. The mass fraction of Pr at around 0.8% is considered to be suitable to obtain the optimal mechanical properties. The optimal mechanical properties are mainly resulted from grain boundary strengthening obtained by precipitates and solid solution.     

Rheo-diecasting of AZ91D magnesium alloy by taper barrel rheomoulding process

A self-developed taper barrel rheomoulding(TBR)machine was introduced,and the rheo-diecasting process was implemented by combining TBR machine with the high pressure die casting(HPDC)machine.Microstructural characteristics of the rheo-diecasting components were investigated at different rotation speeds.Flow characteristics and microstructural evolution of the semi-solid slurry during the rheo-diecasting process were analyzed and the mechanical properties of the rheo-diecasting components were studied.The experimental results show that the process is able to obtain such components in which the primaryα-Mg particles are fine,nearly spherical and uniformly distributed in the matrix.When the rotation speed of internal taper barrel is 700 r/min,the primaryα-Mg particles get a mean diameter of about 45μm and a shape factor of about 0.81.The magnesium alloy melt has complex stirring-fixed flow characteristics when flowing in TBR machine.Compared with conventional die-casing process,the rheo-diecasting process can improve the mechanical properties of components;especially,the elongation is improved by 80%.     

Mold-filling characteristics of AZ91 magnesium alloy in the low-pressure expendable pattern casting process

The magnesium (Mg) alloy low-pressure expendable pattern casting (EPC) process is a newly developed casting technique combining the advantages of both EPC and low-pressure casting. In this article, metal filling and the effect of the flow quantity of inert gas on the filling rate in the low-pressure EPC process are investigated. The results showed that the molten Mg alloy filled the mold cavity with a convex front laminar flow and the metal-filling rate increased significantly with increasing flow quantity when flow quantity was below a critical value. However, once the flow quantity exceeded a critical value, the filling rate increased slightly. The influence of the flow quantity of inert gas on melt-filling rate reveals that the mold fill is controlled by flow quantity for a lower filling rate, and, subsequently, controlled by the evaporation of polystyrene and the evaporation products for higher metal velocity. Meanwhile, the experimental results showed that the melt-filling rate significantly affected the flow profile, and the filling procedure for the Mg alloy in the low-pressure EPC process. A slower melt-filling rate could lead to misrun defects, whereas a higher filling rate results in folds, blisters, and porosity. The optimized filling rate with Mg alloy casting is 140 to 170 mm/s in low-pressure EPC.     

流变压铸成形镁合金AZ91D的显微组织与性能

采用双螺杆机械搅拌法制备半固态镁合金浆料,对比研究了液态压铸与半固态流变压铸成形镁合金AZ91D的组织与性能,探讨了半固态成形镁合金铸件的热处理强化机制.试验结果表明,流变压铸成形铸件与液态压铸成形铸件在铸态时的力学性能相当;由于半固态成形减轻了铸件内部气孔、偏析等铸造缺陷,因而T4和T6热处理均明显地提高了半固态成形镁合金铸件的力学性能.研究还得出,液态压铸成形镁合金铸件经过固溶处理之后,其抗拉强度和伸长率也有所提高,但是,时效处理明显地恶化了铸件的力学性能.     

AZ91D薄板搅拌摩擦焊

实现了厚度为2.2 mm铸造镁合金AZ91D薄板的搅拌摩擦焊和钨极氩弧焊,分析了搅拌摩擦焊工艺参数对焊接接头成形的影响和接头组织变化,考察了搅拌摩擦焊接头的力学性能.在搅拌头旋转速度为1 380 r/min时得到了比较理想的焊接接头,而1 960 r/min的转速过大.接头不同区域所受的机械力和热量不同,显微组织明显不同.搅拌区晶粒细小,显微硬度和强度都有所提高.搅拌摩擦焊接头力学性能与热输入有关;与氩弧焊接头相比,搅拌摩擦焊接接头的性能更好.     

挤压铸造制备半固态AZ61镁合金的组织演变及力学性能(英文)

采用挤压铸造后直接二次重熔的方法制备半固态AZ61镁合金。首先通过挤压铸造预成形铸态AZ61镁合金,以获得细小的枝晶;然后在半固态区间进行二次重熔,细小的枝晶演变成球状晶,完全球化的晶粒被液相均匀包裹。研究结果表明:通过挤压铸造预成形的铸态AZ61镁合金与传统铸造预成形的铸态AZ61镁合金相比,在相同的二次重熔条件下,挤压铸造预成形的铸态AZ61镁合金获得更细小的半固态组织。此外,挤压铸造加上二次重熔触变成形的AZ61镁合金,力学性能优于传统铸造后二次重熔触变成形的AZ61镁合金。     

等温热处理对消失模铸造AZ91D镁合金组织与性能的影响

对AZ91D镁合金消失模铸件进行了近半固态等温热处理,通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜以及金属拉伸试验对其组织和力学性能进行了研究.结果表明,AZ91D镁合金消失模铸件经过530 ℃×60 min近半固态等温热处理后,合金显微组织中β-Mg17 Al12相基本熔入基体,枝晶状的铸态组织在等温处理过程中变得均匀圆整,由此产生的固溶强化作用使材料的力学性能大大提高,抗拉强度达到213.17 MPa,屈服强度达到115.63 MPa,伸长率达到4.11%,等温热处理后的断口呈现明显的韧性断裂特征.     

La-Ce混合稀土对AZ91D合金组织和性能的影响

以AZ91D镁合金作为研究对象,探究了La-Ce混合稀土含量对其组织性能的影响。结果表明:在AZ91D镁合金中加入混合稀土La-Ce后,铸态组织为网状β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相及少量杆状稀土化合物。且随着稀土含量增多,β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂和杆状稀土化合物被细化。经固溶时效处理后,随稀土含量增加,试验合金伸长率增大,硬度和抗拉强度均先增后降,稀土含量为2.38%时,合金力学性能最佳。     

Effect of extrusion ratio on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91D magnesium alloy recycled from scraps by hot extrusion

A method for recycling AZ91D magnesium alloy scraps directly by hot extrusion was studied. Various microstructural analyses were performed using the techniques of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS). Microstructural observations revealed that all the recycled specimens consisted of fine grains due to the dynamic recrystallization. The main strengthening mechanism of the recycled specimen was grain refinement strengthening and homogeneous distribution of oxide precipitates. The interfaces of individual scraps of extruded materials were not identified when the scraps were extruded with the extrusion ratio of 40:1. Oxidation layers of the scraps were broken into pieces by high compressive and shear forces under the extrusion ratio of 40:1. The ultimate tensile strength and elongation to failure increased with increasing the extrusion ratio. Recycled specimens with the extrusion ratio of 40:1 showed higher ultimate tensile strength of 342.61 MPa and higher elongation to failure of 11.32%, compared with those of the cast specimen.     

喷射成形AZ91镁合金的显微组织和力学性能

采用喷射成形和沉积坯热轧的方法成功制备了AZ91镁合金,测试了合金的力学性能,分析了合金的强化机理.结果表明:喷射成形的镁合金坯晶粒细小,组织均匀,第二相化合物Mg17Al12数量较少,表现出良好的塑性变形能力,道次变形量在20%左右,两次退火间的总变形量可以达到50%.经80%热轧变形后,合金完全致密化.变形使合金晶粒进一步细化,力学性能显著提高.轧制后合金基体中仍保持很高的固溶度,经T5处理后,合金的力学性能进一步提高.     

Microstructural characteristics of near-liquidus cast AZ91D alloy during semi-solid die casting

Near-liquidus cast ingot was reheated to semi-solid firstly, and then a bracket of motor was prepared by die casting the semi-solid ingot into mould. The microstructural characteristics of AZ91D alloy in these processes were investigated. In the process of near-liquidus casting, primary α-Mg grains tend to be rosette-like because of the increase of plentiful quasi-solid atom clusters in molten alloy with the decrease of pouring temperature. These rosette-like α-Mg grains in ingots fabricated by near-liquidus casting are fused off and refined into near-globular structure owing to the solute diffusion mechanism and the minimum surface energy mechanism during reheating. After semi-solid die-casting, α-Mg grains, located in biscuit, impact and connect with each other; α-Mg grains, located in inner gate, congregate together; while α-Mg grains, located in component, distribute uniformly and become into globularity or strip. Because the inner gate limits the flowing of semi-solid slurry, and the pressure acted on the semi-solid slurry decreases gradually along the filling direction of semi-solid slurry in cavity, microstructural segregation of unmelted α-Mg grains appears along this direction. Shrinkage holes in casting are caused by two different reasons. For biscuit, the shrinkage holes are caused by the blocked access of feeding liquid to the shrinkage zone for the agglomerated unmelted α-Mg grains. For component, the shrinkage holes are caused by the lack of feeding of liquid alloy.     

Application of cyclic upsetting-extrusion to semi-solid processing of AZ91D magnesium alloy

The microstructural evolution of AZ91D magnesium alloy prepared by means of the cyclic upsetting-extrusion and partial remelting was investigated. The effects of remelting temperature and holding time on microstructure of semi-solid AZ91D magnesium alloy were studied. Furthermore, tensile properties of thixoextruded AZ91D magnesium alloy components were determined. The results show that the cyclic upsetting-extrusion followed by partial remelting is effective in producing semi-solid AZ91D magnesium alloy for thixoforming. During the partial remelting, with the increase of remelting temperature and holding time, the solid grain size increases and the degree of spheroidization tends to be improved. The tensile mechanical properties of thixoextruded AZ91D magnesium alloy components produced by cyclic upsetting-extrusion and partial remelting are better than those of the same alloy produced by casting.     

挤压铸造准晶增强AZ91D镁基复合材料组织与性能

为了改善AZ91D镁合金的性能,采用挤压铸造法制备了Mg-Zn-Y准晶中间合金增强AZ91D镁基复合材料,研究了准晶中间合金含量对复合材料组织和性能的影响。结果表明挤压铸造工艺可以有效细化晶粒,复合材料的显微组织主要由α-Mg基体、晶界上分布的β-Mg17Al12相以及Mg3Zn6Y准晶颗粒组成,准晶颗粒和α-Mg基体之间形成稳定结合。当准晶中间合金含量为5%时,抗拉强度和断后伸长率达到最大值,分别为194.3MPa和9.2%。复合材料的强化机制为细晶强化和准晶颗粒强化。     

振动和合金化对消失模铸造AZ91D组织与性能的影响

振动凝固和Ce—Sb复合微合金化都能明显细化消失模铸造AZ91D镁合金的铸态组织。经振动凝固的铸态组织特征与原始铸态的相差不大，复合微合金化后的细化效果更显著，且经Ce—Sb复合微合金化处理后在α—Mg基体上出现大量弥散分布的颗粒状CeSb相，在晶内和晶界分布着少量的Al11Ce3针状相。两种处理工艺都能使消失模AZ91D试样的抗拉强度和伸长率得到较大幅度提高，其中经Ce—Sb复合微合金化后的常温力学性能提高最大，两种方法都没有使消失模AZ91D试样的断裂方式发生明显改变，但Ce—Sb复合微合金化后的合金铸态断口具有明显的塑性变形特征。     

AZ91筒形件旋压的组织衍化及微纳力学性能

本文采用强力正旋的方式对AZ91镁合金筒形件进行多道次旋压,通过光学显微镜(OM)和配有电子背散射衍射和能谱的扫描电子显微镜(SEM-EBSD-EDS)对不同旋压道次的微观组织衍化进行观察,结合EDS和X-Ray衍射仪（XRD）对筒形件的物相进行分析,通过纳米压痕试验仪对不同旋压道次镁合金的微区力学性能进行测试。研究结果表明：当AZ91镁合金筒形件的壁厚减薄率达到88.3%时,表面成形良好,无裂纹、褶皱产生;在旋压的初期,主要为外壁镁合金发生塑性变形,随着旋压变形量的增加,筒形件内外壁镁合金变形趋于一致,组织均匀,脆性相Mg17Al12发生破碎,呈流线形弥散地分布在镁合金内部,同时镁合金晶粒也得到细化,并发生动态再结晶;随着变形量的增加,筒形件的强度提高,硬度最高可达1.036 GPa,强化方式主要为第二相弥散强化和细晶强化。     

Microstructures and mechanical properties ofAZ91D magnesium alloy processed by low pressure die casting

AZ91D alloy components were cast by low pressure die casting （LPDC） process. The mechanical properties of cast components with different microstructural features （shrinkage and distribution of MgtTAlt2 second phase） were investigated under as-east states. Compared with gravity casting, AZ91D with LPDC has much coarser grain size and second phases（Mg17Al12 and Al8Mn5）. The different size and distribution of Mg17All2 phase and shrinkage correspond to different mechanical properties. The ultimate tensile strengths and elongations are mainly decided by the content and distribution of shrinkage porosity, while the yield strengths are determined by the percentage and distribution of Mg17Al12 phase. The more and finer Mg17Al12 phase in the alloy, the relatively higher the yield strengths are. In the alloy without shrinkage, the mechanical properties are mainly determined by the size and distribution of Mg17Al1l2 phase. The finer Mg17Al12 phase, the better the mechanical properties are. Under optimal process, the density and mechanical properties of LPDC AZ91D are improved with fine microstructures.     

Effect of process parameters on density of magnesium alloy parts by low-pressure expendable pattern casting

The combination of magnesium alloys with the low-pressure expendable pattern casting （LP-EPC） process would bright future for application of magnesium alloys. The researches are focused on the effect of process parameters on the internal casting quality of magnesium alloy parts. AZ91D magnesium alloy castings were produced for different combinations of the LP-EPC process parameters. Specifically, pouring temperature, vacuum, filling velocity and coupling action of these factors were manipulated to observe their effect on the casting porosity and density distribution. The results indicate that the pouring temperature with LP-EPC process is lower than it in gravity casting. The selected process parameters, such as vacuum, filling velocity and coupled modes of them, must ensure melt metal flowing front profile exhibiting smooth and convex shape. The optimal process parameters for the castings are pouring temperature 983-1 023 K, vacuum 0.02-0.03 MPa, filling velocity 60-95 mm/s, and simultaneous filling with sucking.