ZnO/Al2O3复合纳米颗粒的制备与表征

以硫酸锌和氢氧化钠为原料,采用直接沉淀法制备了纳米氧化锌,并用硫酸铝水解生成的三氧化铝对钠米氧化锌进行了表面改性,并采用IR、TEM、SEM、XRD等手段对改性前后的粉体进行表征研究.TEM和SEM分析结果表明,改性后粉体颗粒的粒径小、团聚现象减轻.此外,进行了粉体的光催化降解甲基橙的实验研究.实验结果表明,改性后ZnO粉体的光催化活性明显下降,这进一步证明了纳米氧化锌颗粒表面存在三氧化二铝的包覆层.     

ZnO/Al2O3复合纳米颗粒的制备与表征

以硫酸锌和氢氧化钠为原料,采用直接沉淀法制备了纳米氧化锌,并用硫酸铝水解生成的三氧化铝对钠米氧化锌进行了表面改性,并采用IR、TEM、SEM、XRD等手段对改性前后的粉体进行表征研究.TEM和SEM分析结果表明,改性后粉体颗粒的粒径小、团聚现象减轻.此外,进行了粉体的光催化降解甲基橙的实验研究.实验结果表明,改性后ZnO粉体的光催化活性明显下降,这进一步证明了纳米氧化锌颗粒表面存在三氧化二铝的包覆层.     

ZnO/Al_2O_3复合纳米颗粒的制备与表征

为研究ZnO/Al2O3复合纳米颗粒在涂料、化妆品等领域的应用,采用直接沉淀法制备了纳米ZnO,用硫酸铝水解生成的Al2O3对纳米ZnO进行了表面改性。采用IR、TEM、SEM、XRD等手段对改性前后的粉体进行表征。分析结果表明,改性后粉体颗粒的团聚现象减轻。粉体的光催化降解甲基橙的实验研究表明,改性后ZnO粉体的光催化活性明显下降,进一步证明纳米ZnO颗粒表面存在Al2O3的包覆层。     

聚合物包覆热分解法制备纳米氧化锌的工艺研究

采用聚合物包覆热分解法化学工艺制备了纳米氧化锌，对其工艺进行系统的比较研究，对所得粉体进行XRD与SEM表征。发现利用该工艺所得粉体为六方晶系纤锌矿结构（空间群为P63mc）的纳米氧化锌。该方法制备的氧化锌衍射峰尖锐，表明此种方法合成的氧化锌结晶程度高。所得的氧化锌粉体XRD图谱中没有杂质衍射峰，说明产物纯度都很高。产品SEM表征结果显示了此工艺产物在形貌方面的高度一致性——为菊花状氧化锌纳米杆团簇，对产物形貌形成的原因做了探讨。     

微乳液法制备球形氧化铝粉体的研究

用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵／正丁醇／环己烷／盐水反相微乳液体系制备出了纳米级不同粒径的球形氧化铝粉体,运用TG—DSC、SEM、XRD等手段对氧化铝及其前驱体进行表征,结果表明,通过改变水与表面活性剂的摩尔比（ω）,可实现球形纳米氧化铝粉体粒径的可控操作,并且具有分布均匀、分散性好和无团聚的特征。     

金红石生长用TiO2纳米晶粉体制备及表征

针对金红石晶体生长所需,我们人工合成了硫酸氧钛铵（ATS）晶体。并以其为原料,采用高温焙烧法制备了TiO2纳米晶粉体,用XRD、SEM和TEM分析了纳米晶的物相和形貌。结果表明所得TiO2纳米晶粉体分散性好、流动性好、纯度高且颗粒细小均匀。此外,研究了焙烧温度、保温时间和急烧、缓烧等工艺参数对其形貌、物相的影响,给出了大批是生产TiO2纳米晶粉体的最佳工艺条件。     

纳米晶钛酸锶钡(Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3)粉体的微波水热合成

采用微波水热法合成了纳米晶钛酸锶钡(Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3)粉体,通过XRD、TEM、SEM等分析手段表征粉体,研究了微波水热合成反应温度、时间和前驱物浓度对反应产物形貌、粒度的影响,获得了制备纳米晶钛酸锶钡粉体的最优工艺参数.实验结果表明:在微波水热反应温度为195℃、反应时间20～30min、前驱物浓度为0.16mol/L时获得的粉体粒径小而且均匀,粉体平均粒度为60nm.     

纳米钨粉体的表征及其晶格畸变分析

以工业化生产技术成功地制备了不同粒径的纳米W粉体,采用EDS、SEM和XRD对样品的含量、形貌、物相进行了表征,并计算了其晶格参数和晶胞体积.结果表明,纳米W粉体为bcc晶态结构,晶格发生收缩;随着晶粒尺寸的减小,晶格参数和晶胞体积收缩率增大,且晶格畸变率与粒径的倒数呈正比线性关系.     

聚合物包覆热分解法制备纳米氧化锌的工艺研究

采用聚合物包覆热分解法化学工艺制备了纳米氧化锌，对其工艺进行系统的比较研究，对所得粉体进行XRD与SEM表征。发现利用该工艺所得粉体为六方晶系纤锌矿结构（空间群为P63mc）的纳米氧化锌。该方法制备的氧化锌衍射峰尖锐，表明此种方法合成的氧化锌结晶程度高。所得的氧化锌粉体XRD图谱中没有杂质衍射峰，说明产物纯度都很高。产品SEM表征结果显示了此工艺产物在形貌方面的高度一致性—为菊花状氧化锌纳米杆团簇，文中对产物形貌形成的原因做了详细的探讨。     

Fe、S共掺杂纳米TiO2的制备及性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以硫脲和三氯化铁为掺杂剂,制备了Fe-TiO2、S-TiO2和S-Fe-TiO2纳米光催化剂.通过XRD、SEM等方法对掺杂纳米TiO2进行了表征,以甲基橙为模型化合物对纳米TiO2粉体的光催化活性进行了评价.结果表明;纯TiO2、掺Fe-TiO2粉体全部为锐钛矿相,S-TiO2粉体中金红石相占8.1%,S-Fe-TiO2粉体中金红石相占26.9%.S和Fe、S共掺杂引起金红石相变温度的降低.掺Fe的纳米TiO2粉体粒子团聚少,分散要均匀,掺S和Fe、S共掺的TiO2粉体颗粒团聚现象较严重.S-TiO2和Fe-TiO2光催化荆在紫外光和日光灯下光催化活性都较好,而Fe-S-TiO2光催化活性没有提高.     

污泥-高钙煤系废物制备地聚合物的技术与性能

鉴于地聚合物是一种低碳排放且能源、资源消耗较少的新型胶凝材料,其制备技术倍受关注。采用热活化污泥和高钙煤系废物制备地聚合物,并与采用高钙粉煤灰和矸石制备地聚合物的反应机制与性能进行了对比分析,确定了制备污泥-高钙煤系废物地聚合物的最佳工艺参数。采用XRD、SEM、TG-DTA及FTIR等对制备的地聚合物的原料组成和性能进行了深入分析。研究表明: 经900℃焙烧45 min掺量为40%(＜50 μm)热活化污泥-煤系废物制备的地聚合物具有较好的抗压强度。无定形地聚合物胶凝包裹在球状粉煤灰颗粒周围,有类沸石矿物生成,Al—O/Si—O对称伸缩峰及Si—O—Si/Si—O—Al弯曲振动峰明显。     

Preparation of tungsten carbide porous sphere core wrapped by porous multiwall

Tungsten carbide porous sphere core wrapped by porous multiwall was prepared by spray drying sphere miniaturation—gas–solid reaction, used ammonium metatungstate as precursors, hydrogen and methane as reduction and carbonization atmosphere. The sample was characterized by SEM, XRD and BET, respectively. The SEM results show that the sample is constituted by two parts, a core with porosity and porous multiwall, and the wall is made up of a lot of nanoscale particles. The XRD results show that the crystal phase of the sample is tungsten carbide (WC) only, and the average size of the WC crystal estimated according to XRD data is around 14 nm. The BET specific area of the sample is 10.2834 m²/g.     

A novel process for the synthesis of lithium aluminum silicate powders from rice husk ash and other water-based precursor materials

Lithium aluminum silicate (LAS) powders were synthesized through sol-gel technique by utilizing agro-based ‘waste’ material—rice husk ash and other water-based precursor materials. The gel and oxide powders were characterized by thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). DTA, XRD and FTIR results confirmed that crystallization of lithium aluminum silicate in the form of β-eucryptite and β-spodumene took place at about 800 °C. Furthermore, XRD and FTIR results showed that a substantial crystallization of β-eucryptite for the composition Li₂O.Al₂O₃.2SiO₂ (LA2S) and that of β-spodumene for the composition Li₂O.Al₂O₃.4SiO₂ (LA4S) occurred at 1000 °C. A cobble-stone-like shaped particles of β-eucryptite and β-spodumene were examined by SEM.     

一种潜在新型材料——真菌纤维的晶体结构表征

选用真菌合成了丝状微米真菌纤维素,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、固体核磁共振(CP/MAS 13C NMR)、X射线衍射(XRD)等分析方法对真菌产生的纤维进行了微观形貌和化学结构表征。SEM结果表明由真菌产生的纤维均为微米级,成条形纤维状,具有清晰的三维网状结构;FT-IR结果表明真菌纤维中可能含有—OH、—C—O—C、—CH2、—NH2等特征官能团,与棉花纤维素所含特征官能团相似;将真菌纤维的13 C NMR和XRD与天然纤维素以及细菌纤维素比较,发现真菌纤维的化学位移与细菌纤维素相似,含有较高的I晶型纤维素和非晶体化合物。真菌纤维有可能被用作模板剂或聚合物增强方面。     

MnCl2-NaOH改性硅藻精土吸附剂的制备及其对As(V)的吸附机制

以硅藻精土为基体,MnCl₂和NaOH为复合改性剂制备了针对As（V）离子的吸附剂。研究了MnCl₂-NaOH/硅藻土吸附剂用量对As（V）去除率的影响,通过SEM、FT-IR、XRD、XPS对改性前后及吸附后的样品进行了微观分析。结果表明：随着吸附剂投量的增加,溶液中As（V）的去除率从44.9%增加到93.9%。改性后硅藻基体未发生改变,MnCl₂-NaOH/硅藻土吸附剂平均孔径变大,比表面积增大近7倍。硅藻土经改性后红外活性羟基峰消失,表面新生成Mn-O-Si吸收峰,在XRD数据上显示新生成含有MnO₂的物相,表面Mn得到电子,通过氧化与硅藻表面形成复合接枝,吸附剂吸附溶液中含As（V）的离子后,出现Mn₃（AsO₄）（OH）₄等物相,吸附过程中As得电子,Mn失电子,O、Si表面电子向As偏移,As在吸附剂表面的吸附方式有配位吸附、电荷吸附等。     

SiO2—TiO2—ZrO2系涂层的制备及其特性

用溶胶－凝胶法（sol-gel method）在不锈钢表面制备了SiO2-TiO2-ZrO2系无机氧化膜（STZ）。用DTA／TG、IR、XRD和SEM等手段研究了涂层制备时由凝胶向玻璃态的转变以及涂层薄膜的显微结构特点，考察了涂层对基体的保护效果。试验结果表明，在溶胶至凝胶最终转变为无机氧化物的过程中形成了无机网络，Si^4 和Zr^4 充当了网络骨架的形成离子。涂层为无定型玻璃态，其间混有石英、锐钛矿或金红石等微晶。     

硼化锆粉体的制备与表征

采用碳热还原法,在氩气气氛下1750℃保温1h制备出ZrB2粉体,反应物ZrO2、B2O3和C物质的量比为1:1:10,其中ZrO2以凝胶形式加入,ZrO2凝胶通过NaBH4滴定ZrOCl2溶液制备,C分别以活性炭和炭纤维形式加入,聚乙二醇(PEG)作分散剂,乙醇作为混合介质.用XRD、SEM和EDS分析方法对所得粉体进行了表征.结果表明,用活性炭作为还原剂制备的ZrB2,颗粒细小、均匀,平均粒径在80nm左右,粒子为球形;用炭纤维作为还原剂制备ZrB2粉体,由于炭纤维活性差,反应不彻底.     

Synthesis and characterization of lithium aluminate nanoparticles

In this work, we report the synthesis of lithium aluminate nanoparticles using simple coprecipitation method in various aqueous surfactant solutions and microemulsion systems. The particles have also been synthesized by coprecipitation without surfactants and sol–gel methods for comparison purpose. Nanocrystalline powders of lithium aluminate with spherical shape were obtained upon calcination. The resultant powders were characterized by XRD, SEM, TGA and BET techniques. As per the results from X-ray diffraction (XRD), the powder prepared by coprecipitation in the presence of Tween 80 and sol–gel showed purer γ-phase when it was calcined at 950 °C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results show that the type of surfactant used has a distinct effect on the size of the lithium aluminate particles. The sample prepared by microemulsion technique shows smaller average particle size of 30 nm and high surface area (70 m²/g).     

Role of Nanocrystalline Spinel Additive on the Properties of Low Cement Castable Refractories

Hydrated magnesium aluminate gel prepared via a cost-competent sol-gel route has been found to retain nanocrystals after optimum thermal treatment. The reactive gel-derived powder incorporated to the matrix of a high alumina based refractory castable upgraded its physical properties as revealed from the laboratory scale results. The performance of sol-gel spinel is better than coprecipitated spinel and almost comparable to presintered spinel powders popularly utilized by the refractory manufacturers. Attempts have been made to evaluate and analyze the better slag corrosion and thermal shock resistance properties of spinel-bonded castable by the nanocrystalline feature of the sol gel spinel. SEM, TEM, SAED, XRD, IR, and the physical properties of selected samples have been studied to understand the characteristics of the respective refractory materials.     

Synthesis and characterization of pure anatase TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanoparticles

Pure anatase TiO₂ nanoparticles were synthesized by microwave assisted sol–gel method and further characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDAX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV–Visible spectrophotometer, SEM images showed that TiO₂ nanoparticles were porous structure. The XRD patterns indicated that TiO₂ after annealed at 300 °C for 3 h was mainly pure anatase phase. The crystallite size was in the range of 20–25 nm, which is consistent with the results obtained from TEM images. Microwave heating offers several potential advantages over conventional heating for inducing or enhancing chemical reactions.