碱处理黄麻与聚丙烯纤维改善砂浆抗裂性能的研究

选用黄麻和聚丙烯作为添加材料,增强水泥砂浆.采用不同浓度的氢氧化钠对黄麻纤维进行处理,处理不同的时间,探究黄麻力学性能的变化.并在水泥砂浆中加入不同掺量的碱处理黄麻和聚丙烯,研究其对水泥砂浆抗裂性能的影响.     

剑麻纤维的性质及其碱处理的影响

本文对剑麻纤维的化学成分,微细结构,机械物理性能和热性能等性质作了测试分析,采用碱处理对剑麻纤维进行改性,并对碱处理对剑麻纤维有关性质的影响进行分析和讨论。结果表明,适当的碱处理工艺可改善剑麻纤维的性能,提高其可纺性,为剑麻产品的进一步开发和应用提供了依据。     

原位接枝剑麻纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料研究

用硝酸铈铵作引发剂,将甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)原位接枝到剑麻纤维(SF)的表面,考察了引发剂浓度和MMA/SF质量比对接枝率的影响。用注塑成型工艺制备了剑麻纤维/聚丙烯(PP)复合材料及MMA接枝SF/PP复合材料,研究了剑麻长度、含量、接枝率以及不同预处理对复合材料力学性能的影响,对长度10mm的剑麻纤维,其接枝率为31.5%时,5wt%的剑麻掺量下试样的抗拉强度可达31.1MPa,对应断裂伸长率为19.3%.     

剑麻纤维水泥混凝土复合材料性能试验的研究

为了了解剑麻纤维掺入混凝土后,其物理和力学性能的变化规律,通过对不同掺量剑麻纤维水泥混凝土复合材料的工作性、力学性能、耐久性等进行试验,发现不同掺量剑麻纤维对剑麻纤维增强水泥基复合材料的坍落度、含气量、抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、抗折强度、耐久性等性能的变化情况,从而确定出最佳剑麻纤维的掺量范围,为进一步研究剑麻纤维增强水泥基复合材料其它性能及应用提供参考.通过试验得出在水泥混凝土中掺入剑麻纤维后能提高其抗劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度.     

经编间隔织物增强聚氨酯复合材料的制备及其吸声性能

将具有不同结构参数的经编间隔织物与聚氨酯泡沫材料复合,制备了7种经编间隔织物增强聚氨酯复合材料试样.利用驻波管对复合材料进行了吸声性能测试,探讨间隔丝垫纱方式、织物厚度和表面组织结构对复合材料声波吸收性能的影响.测试结果表明,复合材料具有优异的吸声特性,其吸声性能可以通过改变织物结构参数进行调整.     

阻燃剑麻纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料的自然降解性能研究

采用对剑麻纤维进行预处理,添加膨胀型阻燃剂与聚乳酸(PLA)制备成阻燃可降解环保型复合材料,对复合材料进行土埋处理,用万能试验机、氧指数测定仪和垂直燃烧测定仪、SEM、DSC、TGA等分析复合材料土埋前后力学性能、燃烧性能、表面形貌、热性能的变化来研究复合材料的降解性能。结果表明,随着土埋时间的增加,剑麻增强聚乳酸复合材料的表面形貌发生了明显变化,力学性能也随之下降,复合材料的氧指数从未处理的31.8%上升到33.7%,垂直燃烧达到了FV-0级(UL-94),剑麻对聚乳酸的降解具有促进作用。     

DBD等离子体处理对芳纶织物结构性能的影响

为改善芳纶织物增强复合材料的界面黏结性能,采用常压氦-氧介质阻挡放电(DBD)等离子体处理对芳纶织物进行表面改性,研究氧气流量变化对织物等离子体处理效果的影响.通过测试处理前后芳纶织物的表面形貌、结构组成、润湿性能、粗糙度和拉伸性能来表征等离子体的改性效果.结果表明:DBD等离子体处理后,芳纶纤维的表面经过刻蚀,粗糙程度明显增加;纤维的化学组成没有显著变化,仅CO等极性基团有所增加;芳纶织物的润湿性显著改善;拉伸性能略有提高.综合考虑,氧气流量为10mL/min时处理效果较好.     

超声波处理对PET织物染色性能的影响

主要研究了超声波预处理对PET织物染色性能的影响.通过探讨超声频率、预处理时间、预处理温度及碱浓度对处理后织物所得色深的影响,找出对PET染色性能的影响,并优化出超声处理条件.实验结果表明,PET织物经过超声频率为40 kHz、NaOH质量浓度为3.0 g/L、60 ℃下60 min的超声处理后,PET织物可在较低的染色温度下取得更高的色深值,从而降低染色温度,节约能源,并提高染料上染率.     

预处理对复合材料性能的影响研究

通过不同的处理方法改善增强纤维与基体树脂间的界面性能,探讨了预处理对复合材料性能的影响.结果表明:经过A-151处理和碱处理后,复合材料的拉伸性能分别提高到92.6Mpa和78.0Mpa,在45℃、5%Na0H 溶液中加热0.5h后,复合材料的冲击性能最大.     

原位聚合法制备长纤增强热塑性BMC及其性能研究

采用原位聚合工艺制备长纤维增强ABS树脂BMC，并模压成ABS复合材料板材。研究了玻纤质量分数、长度，填料质量分数，引发剂质量分数，橡胶种类以及质量分数时长纤增强ABS复合材料性能的影响。结果表明，原位聚合法制备的长纤增强ABS复合材料具有良好的浸润性及优良的力学性能。     

The Manufacture of Structured Flax/Hemp Fiber Thermoplastic Composites and Its Flexural Properties

Flax and hemp fibers were used as reinforcing materials to commingle with polypropylene (PP) fiber to realize the mixture of two materials at the stage of yarn.Meanwhile,PP filaments were introduced to produce a corespun yarn with flax/PP as core and PP filament as outer sheath.The commingled yarns were woven into 2D fabric which was used as the prefabricated material.The composite laminates were prepared by hot press technology.The effects of manufacture technology, yam structure,and fiber weight fraction on flexural properties of composites were investigated.     

Manufacture of Flax Reinforced PP Laminates and Research on the Tensile Properties

Flax fiber was used to reinforce Polypropylene （PP） owing to its lower impact on environment and suitable mechanical behaviors. To overcome the difficulty of penetrating fibers due to the high viscosity of thermo-plastic resin, PP filaments wrapping around the linen yam produced commingled yams, which were woven into fabrics as preforms to make laminates by optimum hot-pressing technology. The effects of fiber volume fraction, fabric density and structure on tensile properties of composites were researched through analyzing the tensile test results and the scanning electronic microscope （SEM） micrographs of fracture surface. Conclusions are drawn that the properties of laminates with fiber volume fraction of 0.50 are better than those with the other two fractions. For plain structure, the tensile properties in warp direction decrease according to the increase of weft density while in weft direction increase. For different fabric structures, properties of laminates with structures of plain 3, twill 2/2 and twill 3/1 increase gradually. And properties in weft direction are prior to those in warp direction for each laminate.     

Synthesis and Application of Easy Hydrolysis Degradable Polyester

An easy hydrolysis degradable polyester (EHDP) is synthesized; the fiber produced from which can be hydrolyzed by dilute basic solution easily. The properties of these kind polyesters are measured. The results show that this kind polymer is suitable to be spun into filament The EHDP can be spun into staple fiber and manufactured into non-woven fabric. This fabric is used as disposable clothes. In composite spinning, the PET (polyethylen glycol terephthalate) or PA (poly amide) is used as continuous phase, and EHDP used as dispersed phase. Then the fabric of this kind fiber is treated by basic solution; the ultra-fine fiber fabric is obtained. The fineness of the fiber is about 0.045 dtex. In blend spinning, EHDP is mixed with polypropylene (PP) to produce hollow fiber with micro-holes hi radical direction. This fiber is a usable material in filter especially in medical use.     

竹原纤维碱处理的最佳工艺条件

采用正交试验对竹原纤维进行碱处理,研究碱液浓度、温度和处理时间对其力学性能的影响;同时采用电子显微镜观察碱处理前后竹原纤维纵、横向微观结构．结果表明,碱液温度对竹原纤维强度性能影响较大,碱液浓度对纤维细度和伸长率的影响较大;竹原纤维碱处理最佳工艺条件为：碱液温度20℃,质量浓度7.5g/L ,处理时间90min ,此时纤维强度稍有下降,伸长率和细度不匀率明显改善,提升了竹原纤维可纺性．     

不同黏度聚丙烯流动性能及其皮芯型纺黏纤维

研究了不同黏度聚丙烯熔体的表观黏度与切变速率、温度之间的关系,并比较了不同黏度聚丙烯熔体制得的皮芯型纺黏纤维的力学性能和结构。结果表明:随着温度的升高,黏度越大的聚丙烯熔体的表观黏度减小速率越快;随着切变速率的加快,熔体的表观黏度不断减小。在相同的纺黏工艺条件下,低黏度的聚丙烯熔体制得的皮芯型纤维更细,断裂强度更小;与机械牵伸工艺相比,聚丙烯复合纤维的解取向程度改变不明显,黏度越小的聚丙烯复合纤维取向度和结晶度越大。采用不同黏度聚丙烯熔体制备的皮芯型纺黏纤维,仅部分纤维截面会呈现皮芯型结构。     

Photo-Grafting Copolymerization of PP Nonwoven Fabric and Its Application for Acidic Dye Adsorption and Filtration

The monomer methacrylamido propyl trimethy ammonium chloride（ MAPTAC） was copolymerized onto the fiber surface of polypropylene（ PP） nonwoven fabric under ultroviole radiation. The weak acid red GN dye adsorption and adsorptive filtration performance of the resulted PP fabrics were investigated.The results showed that the grafting copolymerization preferred to happen in the inner layer of the fabrics. The water flux of the grafted fabrics decreases with the increase of grafting yield. The collapse of the grafted polymer chains causes the flux increase in acidic condition,or vice versa at alkaline version. The coiling of the polyelectrolyte chains upon the dye adsorption seems to violate the routine assumption of the rigid substrate, and this gets the adsorption energy constant negative. The static adsorption process follows the Lagergren＇s pseudo-second order kinetic equation. The removals of circa（ ca.） 100% of the total permeation volume3 500 mL simulated dye wastewater was reached during permeation.The dye adsorbed fabrics were regenerated by the mixed media of the cationic surfactant / ethanol /water. The grafted fabric assumes stable fabric integrity and stability during permeation,and presents excellent dye adsorption capacity,easy desorption, and repeatable utilization.     

编织结构三维仿真及其对C/SiC复合材料性能的影响

以连续碳纤维增强的碳化硅复合材料为研究对象,利用计算机仿真技术实现了纤维预制体结构的三维仿真;同时采用CVD PIP联合工艺制备了2.5D与三维四向2种结构的C/SiC复合材料,研究了预制体结构与复合材料力学性能之间的关系。结果表明:三维四向编织结构C/SiC复合材料的x向弯曲强度达到399.2 MPa,层间剪切强度达到38.1 MPa,断裂韧性达到16.0 MPa.m1/2,各项力学性能均高于2.5D编织结构的C/SiC复合材料的力学性能。     

表面处理对生物降解黄麻/PBS复合材料性能的影响

采用模压成型法制备了生物降解黄麻增强PBS(聚丁二酸丁二醇酯)复合材料,通过拉伸、弯曲性能测试、红外分析和扫描电子显微镜观察,探讨了碱处理和硅烷偶联剂KH-570处理对材料性能的影响.结果表明:碱处理和硅烷偶联剂KH-570处理均能够提高黄麻纤维的表面粗糙度,从而改善黄麻纤维与PBS树脂之间的界面黏结性能,提高黄麻/PBS复合材料的力学性能,特别是弯曲模量的提高十分显著,比未处理黄麻/PBS复合材料分别提高了58%和98.5%.此外,研究结果还表明,硅烷偶联剂KH-570的处理效果较碱处理好.     

Influence of alkaline treatment and fiber loading on the physical and mechanical properties of kenaf/polypropylene composites for variety of applications

Due to current trend and increasing interest towards natural based fiber products, Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) fibers have been used for the developments of many products. Therefore, Kenaf fiber-reinforced composites have been widely used in engineering and industrial applications. The present work deals with the fabricating and characterization of untreated and treated kenaf/polypropylene (PP)-reinforced composites. Composites of PP reinforced with treated and untreated kenaf fibers were fabricated using the injection molding technique. Different fiber loadings of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 wt% treated and untreated kenaf composites were also prepared. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) were performed on the treated, untreated kenaf fibers and kenaf/PP composites. Moreover, the alkaline-treated kenaf composites exhibit better physical, morphological, and mechanical properties because of the compatibility of kenaf with PP. However, variations in tensile and flexural properties depend on treatment and kenaf fiber contents. The percentage increase in the mechanical properties of the treated kenaf/PP composites relative to that of PP was also measured. In addition, 40 wt% kenaf fiber loading resulted in higher mechanical properties. By contrast, kenaf/PP composite with 50% fiber loading was not successfully prepared because of improper mixing and the burning of kenaf fibers in the PP matrix. To conclude, 40% kenaf/PP composites with superior physical and mechanical properties may be used in variety of applications such as automotive, sports, construction, animal bedding, and mass production industries.