TRAIL、Caspase-8和NF-кB蛋白在人骨肉瘤中的表达及其与细胞凋亡的相关性研究

目的 探讨TRAIL、Caspase-8和NF-кB在人骨肉瘤组织及骨软骨瘤组织中的表达规律及其与骨肉瘤细胞凋亡的相互关系.方法 应用免疫组化方法,检测TRAIL、Caspase-8和NF-кB蛋白在43例骨肉瘤及15例骨软骨瘤中的表达,并经图像分析系统测量TRAIL、caspase-8和NF-кB蛋白的平均光密度(OD)值;用TUNEL方法检测骨肉瘤及骨软骨瘤中细胞凋亡.结果 TRAIL、Cuspase-8蛋白在骨肉瘤中的阳性表达均低于骨软骨瘤组织(P<0.05);而NF-кB蛋白在骨肉瘤中的表达高于骨软骨瘤(P<0.05).TRATL与Caspase-8蛋白在骨肉瘤中表达呈正相关(P<0.01);而TRATL与NF-кB蛋白在骨肉瘤中表达呈负相关(P<0.01).骨肉瘤组细胞凋亡指数(AI)显著低于骨软骨瘤组(P<0.05);TRAIL、Caspase-8蛋白表达与细胞凋亡均呈正相关(P<0.01);而NF-кB蛋白表达与骨肉瘤细胞凋亡呈负相关(P<0.01).结论 TRAIL基因可能是诱导骨肉瘤细胞凋亡的分子基础,参与了其发生发展过程中细胞凋亡的调控.Caspuse-8作为影响细胞凋亡过程的因子,在骨肉瘤发生、发展中发挥作用.NF-кB在骨肉瘤细胞增殖与凋亡中具有重要作用.TRAIL、Caspase-8蛋白呈低表达,可能受NF-кB高表达的调控而不能诱导细胞凋亡.提示三者在骨肉瘤的发生、发展中起协同作用.     

TRAIL、Caspase-8和NF-κB蛋白在人骨肉瘤中的表达及其与细胞凋亡的相关性研究

目的探讨TRAIL、Caspase-8和NF—κB在人骨肉瘤组织及骨软骨瘤组织中的表达规律及其与骨肉瘤细胞凋亡的相互关系。方法应用免疫组化方法,检测TRAIL、Caspase-8和NF—κB蛋白在43例骨肉瘤及15例骨软骨瘤中的表达,并经图像分析系统测量TRAIL、Caspase-8和NF—κB蛋白的平均光密度（0D）值;用TUNEL方法检测骨肉瘤及骨软骨瘤中细胞凋亡。结果TRAIL、Caspase-8蛋白在骨肉瘤中的阳性表达均低于骨软骨瘤组织（P〈0．05）;而NF—κB蛋白在骨肉瘤中的表达高于骨软骨瘤（P〈0．05）。TRATL与Caspase-8蛋白在骨肉瘤中表达呈正相关（P〈0．01）;而TRATL与NF-κB蛋白在骨肉瘤中表达呈负相关（P〈0．01）。骨肉瘤组细胞凋亡指数（AI）显著低于骨软骨瘤组（P〈0．05）;TRAIL、Caspase-8蛋白表达与细胞凋亡均呈正相关（P〈0．01）;而NF—κB蛋白表达与骨肉瘤细胞凋亡呈负相关（P〈0．01）。结论TRAIL基因可能是诱导骨肉瘤细胞凋亡的分子基础,参与了其发生发展过程中细胞凋亡的调控。Caspase-8作为影响细胞凋亡过程的因子,在骨肉瘤发生、发展中发挥作用。NF-κB在骨肉瘤细胞增殖与凋亡中具有重要作用。TRAIL、Caspase-8蛋白呈低表达,可能受NF—κB高表达的调控而不能诱导细胞凋亡。提示三者在骨肉瘤的发生、发展中起协同作用。     

骨肉瘤组织FLIP和FADD及Caspase-8蛋白表达与细胞凋亡相关性的研究

目的:探讨FLIP、FADD和Caspase-8在人骨肉瘤组织及骨软骨瘤组织中的表达及其与骨肉瘤细胞凋亡的关系.方法:应用免疫组化法检测FLIP、FADD和Caspase-8蛋白在43例骨肉瘤组织及30例骨软骨瘤组织中的表达,并经图像分析系统检测FLIP、FADD和Caspase-8蛋白的平均光密度(OD)值.用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜检测骨肉瘤及骨软骨瘤中细胞凋亡分布情况并对各因子之间进行相关性分析.结果:FLIP蛋白阳性物质在骨肉瘤中的表达高于骨软骨瘤,P<0.05;而FADD 和 Caspase-8蛋白在骨肉瘤中的表达低于骨软骨瘤,P<0.05.FLIP和Caspase-8蛋白在骨肉瘤中表达呈负相关,r=-0.843,P<0.05;而FLIP、FADD蛋白在骨肉瘤中表达无相关性.骨肉瘤组细胞凋亡指数(AI) 显著低于骨软骨瘤组,P<0.05;FLIP蛋白表达与细胞凋亡指数呈负相关,r=-0.726,P<0.05;而Caspase-8蛋白表达与骨肉瘤细胞凋亡呈正相关,r=0.446,P<0.05; FADD蛋白表达与与凋亡指数无相关性.结论:FLIP蛋白对骨肉瘤细胞凋亡有抑制作用,Caspase-8蛋白在骨肉瘤中呈低表达,抑制了肿瘤细胞凋亡.如能抑制FLIP的表达,促进Caspase-8的表达,可提高骨肉瘤细胞对凋亡的敏感性.     

N-钙黏附素和β-环连蛋白在骨肉瘤中的表达及其意义

目的 探讨N-钙黏附素(N-cadherin)和β-环连蛋白(β-catenin)在骨肉瘤组织中的表达及其与骨肉瘤临床病理特征的关系.方法 采用免疫组化法,检测54例骨肉瘤组织、11例骨样骨瘤、7例骨母细胞瘤和8例反应性新生骨组织中N-cadherin和β-catenin的蛋白表达水平,并结合临床病理资料进行相关分析.结果 N-cadherin蛋白在反应性新生骨、骨母细胞瘤、骨样骨瘤和骨肉瘤组织中的阳性表达率分别为75.0%、71.4%、63.6%和35.2%,其在骨肉瘤组织中的阳性表达率明显低于骨样骨瘤、骨母细胞瘤和反应性新生骨组织(P=0.035);N-cadherin蛋白在伴有肺转移的骨肉瘤患者组织中的阳性表达率(21.7%)明显低于无肺转移者(56.3%,P=0.027),在2年内死亡患者组织中的阳性表达率(18.2%)明显低于生存2年以上者(50.0%,P=0.024).β-catenin蛋白在反应性新生骨、骨母细胞瘤、骨样骨瘤及骨肉瘤组织中的异常表达率分别为12.5%、28.6%、27.3%和66.7%,其在骨肉瘤组织中的异常表达率明显高于骨样骨瘤、骨母细胞瘤和反应性新生骨组织(P=0.002);β-catenin蛋白在肺转移的骨肉瘤患者组织中的异常表达率(82.6%)明显高于无肺转移组(43.8%,P=0.011).骨肉瘤组织中,N-cadherin蛋白的阳性表达与β-catenin蛋白的异常表达呈负相关(r=-0.302,P=0.027).结论 骨肉瘤组织中,N-cadherin蛋白的阳性表达率降低,β-catenin蛋白的异常表达率增高.N-cadherin蛋白表达与骨肉瘤的转移和预后密切相关,而β-catenin蛋白的表达仅与骨肉瘤的转移相关.     

骨肉瘤CD133 CD117 Ki-67的表达及与临床病理因素和危险度的相关性研究

  目的  研究骨肉瘤组织CD133、CD117及Ki-67在蛋白水平的表达情况及其与临床病理因素和危险度的关系。  方法  应用免疫组织化学PV-9000二步法检测55例骨肉瘤组织标本中CD133、CD117和Ki-67的表达,并与临床病理学指标和术后无瘤生存期进行比较分析,对照组为20例骨软骨瘤。应用SPSS 17.0软件统计分析,检验标准为P＜0.05具有统计学意义。  结果  骨肉瘤组织CD133、CD117、Ki-67蛋白表达阳性率显著高于良性的骨软骨瘤组织,差异有统计学意义（分别为P=0.016、P=0.008、P＜0.001）;CD133或Ki-67蛋白阳性表达骨肉瘤患者平均生存时间及平均转移时间短于CD133或Ki-67蛋白阴性骨肉瘤患者,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;CD133、Ki-67在外科分期和远处转移对骨肉瘤患者预后有影响,其中CD133是外科分期及远处转移而影响骨肉瘤患者预后的独立因素。  结论  CD133和Ki-67表达可能在骨肉瘤发生、发展过程中起重要作用,有望成为判断其预后的指标。      

骨肉瘤组织HSP70和p53蛋白表达的临床意义

目的:探讨热休克蛋白70(HSP70)和p53蛋白在骨肉瘤组织中的表达及临床意义.方法:免疫组织化学Envision法检测58例骨肉瘤组织、30例骨软骨瘤组织中HSP70和p53蛋白的表达,分析其与骨肉瘤临床病理学特征的关系.结果:骨肉瘤组织中HSP70[89.7%(52/58)]和p53[58.6%(34/58)]蛋白阳性表达率均明显高于骨软骨瘤组织[10%(3/30)和0(0/30)],P＜0.01.在骨肉瘤组织中,HSP70的表达与Enneking分期和肺转移情况密切相关,P＜0.01;而p53的表达与Enneking分期、组织分化程度和肺转移情况密切相关,P＜0.01.HSP70和p53蛋白的表达呈正相关,r=0.782,P＜0.01.结论:HSP70和p53蛋白在骨肉瘤组织中均呈高表达,并在其发生、发展过程中起协同作用,两者可作为判断骨肉瘤生物学行为的参考指标.     

MCM5及Ki-67蛋白表达与乳腺癌新辅助化疗近期疗效关系的研究

目的:探讨人乳腺癌新辅助化疗前后MCM5和Ki-67蛋白的表达状况,分析其与化疗疗效关系的意义.方法:采用免疫组化法检测40例乳腺癌新辅助化疗前后标本中MCM5和Ki-67的表达.结果:新辅助化疗有效率为77.5%.化疗前MCM5和Ki-67蛋白阳性表达显著高于化疗后(P＜0.01);化疗前MCM5蛋白阳性表达显著高于Ki-67(P＜0.01).化疗有效组(31例)MCM5蛋白阳性表达显著高于无效组(9例)(P＜0.01);化疗有效组Ki-67蛋白阳性表达高于无效组,但差异无显著性(P＞0.05).化疗前MCM5、Ki-67表达呈正相关(r=0.601,P＜0.01).结论:ET方案新辅助化疗有较好的疗效,可能通过抑制MCM5、Ki-67蛋白的表达来阻止乳腺癌细胞的增殖.MCM5蛋白高表达者化疗更为敏感,MCM5可作为临床指导乳腺癌化疗并预测化疗敏感性的分子生物学指标之一.     

骨肉瘤组织中Survivin基因表达及其与细胞周期蛋白D1表达的关系

目的：探讨骨肉瘤中抗凋亡基因Survivin的表达状态及其与细胞周期蛋白D1(cyclin D1)表达的关系。方法：采用原位杂交、免疫组织化学技术、DNA原位末端标记(TUNEL)法检测38例骨肉瘤、15例骨软骨瘤、5例正常骨组织中Survivin mRNA表达及骨肉瘤组织中cyclin D1表达和细胞凋亡情况，比较Survivin mRNA表达与骨肉瘤临床病理参数及cyclin D1表达的关系。结果：Survivin mRNA在正常骨和骨软骨瘤组织无明显表达，但显著表达于骨肉瘤中65．8％(25／38)，其表达率与骨肉瘤组织学分级无关，与WH0分型及转移有关，P＜O．05；骨肉瘤细胞凋亡指数(AI)均值为8．3％(O～17％)，Survivin阴性组AI值显著高于阳性组，P＜O．01；骨肉瘤中cyclin D1过度表达(71．1％，27／38)，其与Survivin表达正相关，rs=O．370，P＜O．05。结论：Survivin选择性表达于骨肉瘤组织，通过抑制细胞凋亡，并与cyclin D1协同作用参与骨肉瘤的发生发展，Survivin可能是评价骨肉瘤预后的重要参考指标。     

p16蛋白和p27蛋白在恶性骨肿瘤中的表达及其与预后的关系

目的 探讨p16和p27蛋白在恶性骨肿瘤组织中的表达及其与肿瘤的发生、发展及预后的关系.方法 应用免疫组织化学S-P法,检测48例软骨肉瘤、68例骨肉瘤,20例软骨瘤做对照;对p16蛋白在软骨肉瘤及p27蛋白在骨肉瘤不同病理分级、临床分期、预后分组中的表达进行对比分析和相关研究.结果 软骨肉瘤组织中p16蛋白高表达( )率与软骨瘤相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).软骨肉瘤复发组p16蛋白的高表达率与未复发组相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).p16蛋白高表达率与瘤组织分化程度呈正相关(P＜0.01),在软骨肉瘤不同组织学分级间p16蛋白高表达率相比差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).骨肉瘤组织中p27蛋白高表达( )率与软骨瘤相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).骨肉瘤低生存组p27蛋白高表达率与高生存组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).p27表达与瘤组织分化程度呈正相关(P＜0.01),与临床分期呈负相关(P＜0.01).结论 p16蛋白减少或缺失是软骨肉瘤发生、发展及不良预后的重要指标,p27蛋白减少或缺失是骨肉瘤的发生、发展及不良预后的重要指标,对临床具有重要的指导意义.     

骨肉瘤组织中环氧合酶-2和基质金属蛋白酶-2的表达及其意义

目的探讨环氧合酶-2(COX-2)和基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)在骨肉瘤中表达的临床意义.方法采用免疫组织化学方法(S-P法)检测31例骨肉瘤组织标本中COX-2和MMP-2蛋白的表达.结果骨肉瘤组织中COX-2和MMP-2蛋白的阳性率分别为61.30%和54.80%,显著高于对照组骨软骨瘤组织(P＜0.05).COX-2的表达与骨肉瘤组织分级、肺转移有关(P=0.033,P=0.008).MMP-2的表达与肺转移有关(P=0.019),而与组织分级关系不大(P=0.821).COX-2的表达与MMP-2的表达密切相关(r=0.007,P=0.008).二者的表达与患者的性别、年龄无关.结论在骨肉瘤中,COX-2、MNP-2参与肿瘤发生发展过程,并且它们之间具有协同作用.     

Cytologic classification of precancer and cancer of the endometrium and esophagus and of malignant lymphomas

The paper discusses cytological classifications of precancer and cancer of the endometrium, esophagus and malignant lymphomas presented by cytologists from five Soviet research institutes of oncology. The classifications were based on the data of 4400 cases in conformity with WHO histologic classifications.     

E-钙粘蛋白及PTEN基因编码蛋白与胃癌浸润转移

目的:观察抑癌基因PTEN蛋白和ECD在胃癌组织中的表达,探讨其与胃癌生物学行为及预后的关系。方法:以兔抗人PTEN多克隆抗体、鼠抗人ECD单克隆抗体,采用SABC免疫组化法,检测100例胃癌手术切除标本中拟测指标的表达。以χ2和Logrank检验对结果做统计学分析。结果:ECD、PTEN蛋白在非癌胃粘膜中均见表达;在胃癌组织中表达下调或缺失。ECD异常表达率为42.0%;弥漫型胃癌异常表达率(48.57%),明显高于肠型胃癌(26.67%),(P<0.05);ECD异常表达与浸润深度有关(P<0.05)。胃癌组织中PTEN蛋白缺失率为59%;弥漫型胃癌缺失率(65.71%)明显高于肠型胃癌(43.33%),(P<0.05);伴淋巴结转移的胃癌缺失率(64.47%)明显高于无淋巴结转移者(41.67%),(P<0.05);PTEN蛋白缺失的患者比阳性表达者预后差(P=0.0066)。65.85%PTEN阳性表达者同时伴ECD正常表达。结论:两种标志物与胃癌浸润转移有关,PTEN表达与胃癌患者预后密切相关。将两种指标联合检测,可作为正确判断胃癌患者预后,指导临床治疗的分子生物学指标。     

Schwannomas of Head and Neck and Review of Literature

Benign nerve cell tumours have been given various names like schwannoma, neurilemmoma, neurinoma, neurofibroma, spindle cell tumours etc. Extra cranial head and neck schwannomas usually present as solitary and well-demarcated lesions. The lesion can cause secondary symptoms, such as nasal obstruction, dysphasia, and hoarseness, depending upon the location of the lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology, CT scans, and MRI may be of limited help in the diagnosis of schwannomas. The treatment is complete surgical excision of the benign tumour and postoperative histopathological examination establishes the final diagnosis.     

Quality of life and care in leukemia,myeloma and non-malignant disease. Opinions of patients and relatives,and effects of geography and time

In a questionnaire study 140 subjects answered 4200 questions in 1980 and 1986. They consisted of patients with myeloma, acute leukemia, lung carcinoma, and non-malignant disease and their relatives. In 22 additional cases the questionnaire was not answered. The results show that myeloma patients are less content with the general care than leukemia patients (P < 0.05). Similarly, relatives of deceased myeloma patients are less satisfied with the information given to them than relatives of deceased leukemia patients (P < 0.001). The information has improved with time, however, since the patients were more satisfied in 1986 than in 1980 (P < 0.001) and relatives of myeloma patients still alive were more satisfied than relatives of patients who had died earlier (P < 0.001).     

Prospective study of fruit and vegetable consumption and incidence of colon and rectal cancers

BACKGROUND: Frequent consumption of fruit and vegetables has been associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer in many observational studies. METHODS: We prospectively investigated the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and the incidence of colon and rectal cancers in two large cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study (88 764 women) and the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study (47 325 men). Diet was assessed and cumulatively updated in 1980, 1984, 1986, and 1990 among women and in 1986 and 1990 among men. The incidence of cancer of the colon and rectum was ascertained up to June or January of 1996, respectively. Relative risk (RR) estimates were calculated with the use of pooled logistic regression models accounting for various potential confounders. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: With a follow-up including 1 743 645 person-years and 937 cases of colon cancer, we found little association of colon cancer incidence with fruit and vegetable consumption. For women and men combined, a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR of 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98-1.05). A difference in vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.03 (95% CI = 0.97-1.09). Similar results were obtained for women and men considered separately. A difference in fruit consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR for colon cancer of 0.96 (95% CI = 0.89-1.03) among women and 1. 08 (95% CI = 1.00-1.16) among men. For rectal cancer (total, 244 cases), a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.02 (95% CI = 0.95-1.09) in men and women combined. None of these associations was modified by vitamin supplement use or smoking habits. CONCLUSIONS: Although fruits and vegetables may confer protection against some chronic diseases, their frequent consumption does not appear to confer protection from colon or rectal cancer.     

世界卫生组织骨质疏松症防治工作报告和防治建议

引 言 作为对第51号综合处理非传染性疾病预防与控制的世界卫生组织决议的反应,1998年7月WHO成立了致力于不断完善对骨质疏松预防和治疗策略的工作小组。小组成员来自世界各国致力于骨质疏松研究的知名专家。Harry K.Genant为本届主席。这一项世界范围内的骨质疏松教育计划旨在通过世界范围的研究,不断改善对骨质疏松的诊断水平和发展并完善对骨质疏松病人的合理治疗。其重点将以发展中国家为主。并为各国政府及其卫生部门和病人群体提供世界性有关骨质疏松症的总体的、完整的指导性资料。该项研究、教育计划的实施将由世界各国的骨质疏松症研究和治疗机构共同完成,并经权威学术机构、政府和非政府组织进行有针对性的回顾研究,最终由WHO审议通过。     

A comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancerA comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancer

Aims: To assess and compare knowledge and awareness of colorectal cancer and breast cancer in a sample of the general population. Methods: Eleven hundred visitors to six different outpatient clinics, in a University Hospital, were given a study-specific questionnaire, based on educational material from the British Association of Cancer United Patients (CancerBACUP). The questionnaire consisted of 12 statements on the incidence, presentation, detection, treatment and prognosis of colorectal and breast cancer. Results: One thousand and sixty-eight individuals returned the questionnaire. One thousand and four completed questionnaires were analysed. The mean age (SD) of respondents was 50.1 (17.2) years, and the male to female ratio was 2:3. Respondents had read more about breast than about colorectal cancer (60.3%vs 32.4%,P <0.0001, McNemar's test). The proportion of correct answers for each statement on breast cancer was higher than for answers to corresponding items on colorectal cancer. Mean overall scores (95% CI) for breast and colorectal cancer were 88.1 (86.9, 89.2) and 64.4 (62.5, 66.3) respectively, the mean difference (95% CI) being 23.7 (22.0, 25.5). Scores were higher for breast cancer irrespective of age or gender. Conclusion: There is a low level of understanding of colorectal cancer in the general population when compared to breast cancer. This highlights the importance of public education in this common cancer.     

Antitumor activities and mechanisms of action of harringtonine and homoharringtonine

The antitumor activities and the mechanisms of action of harringtonine and homoharringtonine, alkaloids isolated from cephalotaxus hainanensis Li, were compared to those of vincristine. The results obtained were as follows: Harringtonine and homoharringtonine Significantly inhibited the growth of L1210 cells in culture. The IC50 values were similar to that of vincristine. Harringtonine and homoharringtonine had little effects on changes in the DNA histograms of FL cells at any concentrations, which suggesting that these drugs prolong the duration of each phase of the cell cycle evenly. Harringtonine and homoharringtonine had only a minor effect in arresting P388 cells in mitosis. Harringtonine significantly inhibited the DNA synthesis of P388 leukemia cells in culture, while vincristine weakly inhibited RNA and DNA synthesis. The successive treatment with harringtonine and homoharringtonine were as effective as the successive treatment with vincristine against P388 and L1210 leukemia, while both drugs were ineffective against Lewis lung carcinoma.