高铁酸钾降解铬黑T和铬蓝黑R的研究

采用高铁酸钾对水溶性铬黑T和铬蓝黑R废水进行氧化脱色研究,考察高铁酸钾用量、反应温度和染料质量浓度对脱色率的影响。结果表明,高铁酸钾能够有效去除染料废水的色度,高铁酸钾用量和反应温度均存在最佳值。铬黑T和铬蓝黑R的质量浓度低于100mg/L时,脱色率均可达到87%以上。     

高铁酸钾对三种染料脱色效果的对比

采用高铁酸钾对3种水溶性染料废水进行氧化脱色研究。考察高铁酸钾用量,反应温度和染料浓度对3种染料脱色率的影响。结果表明,高铁酸钾能有效去除染料废水的色度,高铁酸钾用量和反应温度均存在最佳值。3种染料被氧化脱色的难易程度为:甲基橙>亚甲基蓝>碱性品红。     

高铁酸钾氧化煤矿井废水中COD性能研究

利用高铁酸钾氧化性能,研究了影响高铁酸钾对矿井废水中COD氧化去除效果的因素.结果表明,在pH=7～10时,其氧化性发挥较好;20℃～50℃时,温度对高铁酸钾氧化性基本上没有影响.水中硬度、SO2-4和低含量的钠对高铁酸钾的氧化性基本没有影响,但当钠的质量浓度30 mg·L-1时,能够轻微增加有机物的去除效率.     

高铁酸钾氧化脱色三苯甲烷染料废水

采用高铁酸钾对水溶性三苯甲烷染料结晶紫和碱性品红废水进行氧化脱色研究。考察了高铁酸钾投加量、反应温度和染料浓度对脱色率的影响。结果表明,高铁酸钾能够有效去除染料废水中的色度,投加量和反应温度均存在最佳值。当结晶紫和碱性品红废水的质量浓度低于50mg/L时,脱色率几乎不受染料浓度的影响。2种三苯甲烷染料相比较,碱性品红比结晶紫更容易被氧化降解。     

高铁酸钾氧化处理水中苯酚的研究

采用高铁酸钾氧化法处理水中苯酚,提供了一种高效处理水中苯酚的方法。考察了高铁酸钾与苯酚质量比、溶液p H值、反应时间对水中苯酚处理效果的影响。试验结果表明,在苯酚初始质量浓度为100 mg/L、高铁酸钾与苯酚质量比为30、溶液p H值为9、反应时间为30 min的条件下,苯酚去除率最高可达96.7%。     

高铁酸钾与UV-vis/TiO2协同氧化效应的研究

为研究高铁酸钾与紫外-可见光/二氧化钛(UV-vis/TiO2)光催化的协同氧化效应,以氨氮为目标物,研究了高铁酸钾、UV-vis/TiO2光催化以及高铁酸钾与UV-vis/TiO2光催化联用对水中氨氮的去除效果.结果表明,在高铁酸钾与UV-vis/TiO2光催化联用的条件下,在pH=8.0,温度为室温,反应时间为30 min,氨氮质量浓度50 mg/L,高铁酸钾、TiO2投加质量浓度分别为20、200 mg/L时,水中氨氮的去除率为97.5%,比单独的高铁酸钾或UV-vis/TiO2最大去除率分别提高了22.5%和14.7%.实验还表明,低浓度的高铁酸钾与UV-vis/TiO2光催化体系存在协同氧化效应,但高浓度的高铁酸钾对UV-vis/TiO2光催化体系却存在抑制效应.     

高铁酸钾预处理垃圾渗滤液的试验研究

高铁酸钾是一种新型高效的多功能水处理剂,而垃圾渗滤液中氨氮浓度过高会降低生化处理中微生物的活性,需要进行前处理去除一部分氨氮.作者通过模拟实验得出用高铁酸钾去除废水中氨氮,在m(高铁酸钾):m(氨氮)=4:1,pH为9时,处理效果最佳,而处理效果受温度影响不大.高铁酸钾对垃圾渗滤液中氨氮去除率可达60%.     

高铁酸钾的制备方法及应用

对次氯酸盐氧化法制备高铁酸钾的工艺进行了研究,确定了NaClO、铁盐、配比、反应温度和时间等工艺条件,并对高铁酸钾的性能与其他药剂进行了处理效果的比较,说明了高铁酸钾是一种多功能的水处理药剂.     

高铁酸钾氧化降解低浓度甲醇废水的研究

考察高铁酸钾处理低浓度甲醇(50mg/L)废水的氧化性能。研究了反应时间、反应温度、pH值、高铁酸钾的投加量对甲醇降解效果的影响。结果表明:在温度为30℃,pH=4.0,高铁酸钾用量200mg/L,反应60min,甲醇残余率为51.3%,甲醇浓度降至26mg/L。     

高铁酸钾氧化处理对氯苯酚废水的研究

采用高铁酸钾氧化法处理难降解的对氯苯酚废水,探讨高铁酸钾与对氯苯酚质量比、氧化反应时间和废水溶液pH值等因素对废水处理效果的影响。结果表明,高铁酸钾与对氯苯酚质量比为20,氧化反应时间30 min,废水溶液pH值为9时,对氯苯酚浓度为100.0 mg/L的模拟废水经过处理,剩余对氯苯酚浓度为4.7 mg/L,对氯苯酚去除率为94.3%。     

直馏柴油催化氧化脱硫均相催化剂的制备与评价

引　言柴油脱硫技术分为加氢脱硫和非加氢脱硫两大类[1]. 传统的加氢工艺能够满足柴油的低硫要求,但存在装置投资大、操作条件苛刻 (温度>300 ℃,压力>4 0 MPa, 需要氢源) 和操作费用高等技术经济问题. 非加氢脱硫技术在常温或低温、常压和无须氢源条件下操作已受到国内外广泛的重视, 得到很大的发展. 非加氢脱硫技术主要有吸附法[1,2]、萃取法[3,4]、络合法[5]、生物脱硫法[6]、H2O2 氧化法[7,8] 和催化氧化法[9], 其中 H2O2 氧化法已成为国内外的研究热点, 如美国 Petro star公司、日本 PEC、中国石油大学、洛阳石化工程公司等均在大…     

Stability of diesel–bioethanol blends for use in diesel engines

Bioethanol is an attractive fuel due to its renewable origin and its oxygen content, but it is unable to be used directly in diesel engines. Although biodiesel can be produced with bioethanol through ethanolisis, direct blending of ethanol and diesel fuel, called e-diesel, has at least the same potential to reduce particulate emissions, despite their much lower production cost. The main drawback is that ethanol is immiscible with diesel fuel over a wide range of temperatures, leading to phase separation. Consequently, in many cases the presence of a surfactant and cosolvent additive in the e-diesel blend becomes necessary. In this paper the conditions in which the e-diesel blends are stable have been studied. The stability of samples is affected by three factors mainly: temperature, water content and initial ethanol content. The results show that the presence of water in the blends, low temperatures and high ethanol contents favour the phase separation whereas the presence of the additive leads to the opposite effect. These effects have been quantified through level curve maps for stability and for separation time.     

柴油吸附脱硫工艺条件影响

研究了吸附工艺条件对柴油中硫化物,特别是对二苯并噻吩（DBT）的脱除效果。实验在常压下,采用静态吸附法,以FCC柴油和DBT模型物为原料,用燃灯法测定脱硫前后油品的硫含量,考察了模型物溶剂、油品中含有的芳烃以及吸附温度对吸附剂脱硫率的影响。得出溶剂黏度越大吸附脱硫率越差;油品中含有芳烃时,吸附剂脱硫率减小,温度对脱硫率的影响不大。考察了高温氮气、有机溶剂和水蒸汽这3种再生方法对吸附剂的再生效果,结果表明,水蒸汽600℃再生4h和有机溶剂苯洗涤24h的再生效果较好,基本可以恢复吸附剂的吸附性能。     

新疆高蜡柴油的助滤研究

在前期试验中合成的几种柴油低温流动改进剂(Diesel Flowing Improver,简称DFI)的基础上,针对新疆地产柴油蜡含量较高的特点,考察DFI对柴油的助滤效果和对不同柴油的感受性能;利用1H-NMR测定柴油的平均碳原子数,同时利用X射线衍射法对改进剂的作用机理进行探索研究,证明柴油中的含蜡量直接影响添加剂的效果;DFI直接作用于蜡晶。在低温环境下,性能优良的DFI能有效阻止蜡晶的生成;并且这一研究对具有良好感受性能的DFI在新疆高含蜡柴油的使用推广很有益处。     

Effect of dynamic vulcanization on properties and morphology of nylon/SAN/NBR blends: A new compatibilization method of nylon/ABS blends

Dynamically vulcanized blends of nylon, styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN), and nitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR) were examined for mechanical properties, Shore D hardness, Vicat softening temperature, impact process, and phase morphology. The effect of a curing system such as phenolic formaldehyde resins (PF), dicumylperoxide (DCP), and a sulfur system on the mechanical properties of the nylon/SAN/NBR blends was studied, and dynamic vulcanization with a PF system was found to lead to outstanding toughness of the blends. The effect of PF content on the mechanical properties, Shore D hardness, and heat resistance of the nylon/SAN/NBR blends was also investigated. With increasing PF content the notched‐impact strength and Vicat softening temperature (VST) of the nylon/SAN/NBR (50/25/25) blends evidently improved, but tensile strength and Shore D hardness of the blends changed slightly. It can be concluded that the nylon/SAN/NBR (50/25/25) blends dynamically vulcanized by high‐content PF can attain excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, especially supertoughness, at room temperature. SEM was used to investigate the effect of dynamic vulcanization on disperse‐phase particle size, particle size distribution, and phase morphology. It was obvious that disperse‐phase particle size decreased with an increasing PF content. Thermal behavior and miscibility of dynamically vulcanized nylon/SAN/NBR with PF were investigated by DMTA. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 2057–2062, 2003     

饮用水源突发性柴油污染的吸附法应急处理模拟试验

通过室内模拟实验,研究了膨胀石墨对饮用水源水突发性柴油污染的应急消减性能。考察了振荡速率、水体pH、膨胀石墨投加量和水温对吸附效果的影响,测定了吸附等温线,对吸附规律进行了探讨。结果表明,膨胀石墨可快速高效地消减突发性柴油污染。在本研究条件下,振荡速率、水体pH和水温对柴油的吸附无显著性影响。当膨胀石墨投加量为5g/L时,历时5s即可将1 000 mg/L的柴油去除97%以上。等温吸附规律可用Freundlich模型较好的拟合,拟合得到的线性方程可为应急处理水源地突发柴油污染提供基础模型。     

甲烷在柴油+水+Span20乳液体系中溶解度的测定

气体在乳液中的溶解度是决定水合物生成速率快慢的重要因素。为此结合排水法并采用自制加工的高压反应釜测定了在温度范围274.2~282.2 K和压力范围0.30~6.40 MPa下不同Span 20(失水山梨醇单月桂酸酯,简称Span 20)浓度及含水率时甲烷在柴油+水乳液体系中的溶解度,分别考察了温度、压力、含水率及Span 20浓度对溶解度的影响。实验结果表明,当含水率为30%(V/V)及Span 20浓度为3.0%(wt)时,甲烷在乳液中的溶解度随压力的增加几乎呈线性增加,在实验范围内溶解度最高达到0.0784(mol·mol-1),而温度对溶解度的影响相对较小;在近水合物生成区域,含水率的增加能显著降低甲烷在乳液体系中的溶解度,而在相同的温度、压力及含水率条件下,溶解度却随Span 20浓度的增加而增加,表明Span 20能促进甲烷在乳液中的溶解。     

石墨/酚醛树脂复合板与碳纸间接触电阻

应用模压工艺制备了质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）用石墨/酚醛树脂（PF）复合板.通过四电极法测量了复合板与碳纸间的接触电阻.考察了接触压力、PF树脂含量及模压工艺条件对接触电阻的影响.结果表明,接触压力和PF树脂含量是对接触电阻有较大程度影响的两个重要因素.接触压力的增大导致接触电阻迅速减小,而随着PF树脂含量的增加,接触电阻有着非常快的增加趋势.模压压力对接触电阻已有一定程度的影响,但其影响幅度不如接触压力和树脂含量那么大.随着模压压力的增大,接触电阻的增加趋势比较缓慢.模压时间和模压温度对接触电阻基本没有影响.     

聚丙烯酰胺铁的合成及其在煤泥助滤脱水中的应用

利用形成配合物的原理,合成了新型聚丙烯酰胺铁絮凝剂(PF),同时验证了PF在煤泥水处理中的絮凝助滤性能,浅析了其絮凝助滤机理.实验证明,与目前广泛使用的聚丙烯酰胺相比,PF对高浊度、高色度煤泥水有很好的絮凝处理效果,且产生的污泥体积小,脱水性能好.     

Diesel fuel desulfurization with hydrogen peroxide promoted by formic acid and catalyzed by activated carbon

Desulfurization of diesel fuels with hydrogen peroxide was studied using activated carbons as the catalysts. Adsorption and catalytic properties of activated carbons for dibenzothiophene (DBT) were investigated. The higher the adsorption capacity of the carbons is, the better the catalytic performance in the oxidation of DBT is. The effect of aqueous pH on the catalytic activities of the activated carbons was also investigated. Oxidation of DBT is enhanced when the aqueous pH is less than 2, and addition of formic acid can promote the oxidation. The effect of carbon surface chemistry on DBT adsorption and catalytic activity was also investigated. Adsorption of DBT shows a strong dependence on carboxylic group content. The oxidative removal of DBT increases as the surface carbonyl group content increases. Oxidative desulfurization of a commercial diesel fuel (sulfur content, 800 wt. ppm) with hydrogen peroxide was investigated in the presence of activated carbon and formic acid. Much lower residual sulfur content (142 wt. ppm) was found in the oxidized oil after the oxidation by using the hydrogen peroxide-activated carbon-formic acid system, compared with a hydrogen peroxide-formic acid system. The resulting oil contained 16 wt. ppm of sulfur after activated carbon adsorption without any negative effects in the fuel quality, and 98% of sulfur could be removed from the diesel oil with 96.5% of oil recovery. Activated carbon has high catalytic activity and can be repeatedly used following simple water washing, with little change in catalytic performance after three regeneration cycles.