新辅助化疗联合手术治疗Siewert Ⅱ、Ⅲ型局部进展期食管胃结合部腺癌的短期疗效

目的 探讨新辅助化疗联合手术治疗SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型局部进展期食管胃结合部腺癌(adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction,AEGJ)的短期疗效.方法 回顾性分析2013年1月至2015年6月在本院接受手术治疗的103例SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型局部进展期AEGJ患者的临床资料,其中单纯手术者55例,新辅助化疗(Xelox方案)联合治疗者48例.结果 单纯手术组与联合治疗组的手术时间[(182.73±38.27)minvs.(173.61 ±36.89)min,P＞0.05]、术中出血量[(240.36±44.74)ml vs.(233.47 ±52.63)ml,P＞0.05]及术后住院时间[(15.6±5.2)d vs.(14.2±5.6)d,P＞0.05]比较差异无统计学意义;两组根治术后清扫所获淋巴结总数[(42.6±4.4)个vs.(40.7±3.3)个,P＞0.05]差异无统计学意义,单纯手术组的转移淋巴结数多于联合治疗组[(12.4±2.6)个vs.(5.8±3.2)个,P＜0.05];联合治疗组R0切除率明显高于单纯手术组R0切除率(83.33％vs.52.73％,P＜0.05);术后并发症发生率联合治疗组与单纯手术组比较差异无统计学意义(20.83％ vs.25.45％,P＞0.05).结论 对SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型局部进展期AEGJ患者实施新辅助化疗安全可行,可显著提高R0切除率,同时可减少淋巴结的转移率,并不增加其手术难度和术后并发症发生率.     

多西他赛联合奥沙利铂及替吉奥行进展期胃癌新辅助化疗临床观察

目的 观察多西他赛联合奥沙利铂及替吉奥对进展期胃癌行新辅助化疗的疗效及安全性.方法 回顾性分析38例确诊的进展期胃癌患者采用多西他赛联合奥沙利铂及替吉奥新辅助化疗后再行手术治疗的疗效及预后,并与41例同期收治的未行新辅助化疗的进展期胃癌手术患者进行对照.结果 新辅助化疗+手术组化疗有效率为60.53％,主要毒副反应为粒细胞减少、胃肠道反应、外周神经毒性.新辅助化疗+手术组R0切除率(86.84％)明显高于常规手术组(63.42％)(P＜0.05);新辅助化疗+手术组、常规手术组术后并发症发生率分别为5.26％、2.44％,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 多西他赛联合奥沙利铂及替吉奥方案治疗进展期胃癌近期疗效好,患者耐受性及依从性好,可缩小瘤体,提高R0切除率.     

DOS方案辅助化疗对进展期胃癌的临床效果分析

目的 探讨进展期胃癌患者手术前给予多西他赛联合奥沙利铂和替吉奥(DOS)进行辅助化疗的临床疗效.方法 选取实施手术治疗的进展期胃癌患者88例进行回顾性分析,根据治疗方法不同将患者分为化疗组与单纯手术组,每组各44例.其中化疗组患者手术前给予DOS方案进行辅助化疗,单纯手术组患者仅行手术治疗.对比两组患者的手术情况、手术不良反应和远期生存情况.结果 化疗组44例患者中,有1例患者未能完成一个化疗周期,化疗的总有效率为95.35%;化疗组患者的术中出血量、阳性淋巴结数目均明显少于单纯手术组(P﹤0.001);化疗组患者的R0切除率高于单纯手术组(P﹤0.05);化疗组患者的术后2年复发率低于单纯手术组,2年生存率高于单纯手术组,但差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05).结论 术前DOS方案辅助化疗治疗进展期胃癌有利于提高肿瘤的手术根治性效果,有利于患者的远期生存获益.     

局部进展期胃癌新辅助化疗75例疗效分析

[目的]探讨新辅助化疗对局部进展期胃癌患者的手术切除率、耐受性及并发症、生存期的影响.[方法]回顾性分析2004年1月1日至2010年12月31日收治并行新辅助化疗的局部进展期胃癌患者75例,与同期收治的68例局部进展期胃癌直接手术患者进行对照研究,比较两组患者的手术切除率和生存期.[结果]新辅助化疗组患者手术切除率及根治率均高于对照组(P＜0.05),3年、5年生存率亦高于对照组(P＜0.05).两组患者并发症差异无统计学意义.[结论]对于局部进展期胃癌患者术前行新辅助化疗,可以提高切除率,减少手术的盲目性,并不增加手术难度及并发症,且能延长生存时间.     

晚期卵巢癌新辅助化疗疗效分析

目的 探讨新辅助化疗在治疗晚期卵巢癌中的作用和意义.方法 对45例晚期卵巢癌患者,20例采用新辅助化疗,然后进行肿瘤减灭术(新辅助化疗组);25例首先行肿瘤减灭术(先期手术组).所有患者术后均化疗.结果 新辅助化疗组满意肿瘤减灭率70.0%,先期手术组为36.0%,两组比较有明显差异(P＜0.05);新辅助化疗组术中出血量及手术时间较先期手术组少,两组比较均有明显差异(P＜0.05);新辅助化疗组的中位生存时间(34个月)较先期手术组(28个月)长.结论 对于初次手术不能达到满意减瘤或不能进行手术的晚期卵巢癌患者,新辅助化疗能提高减瘤术的成功率,有延长患者生存时间的趋势.     

进展期胃癌新辅助化疗的临床疗效观察

目的 评价进展期胃癌新辅助化疗的疗效及对预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析45例确诊进展期胃癌患者通过新辅助化疗后再行手术治疗的疗效及预后,并与60例同期收治的未经新辅助化疗的胃癌手术患者进行对照.结果 新辅助化疗组临床有效率RR(CR+ PR)为68.9％ (31/45),其中CR 6.7％(3例),PR62.2％ (28例),SD 28.9％(13例),PD 2.2％(1例),术后1例在病理水平达到完全缓解(pCR),缓解率为2.2％ (1/45).不良反应主要为Ⅰ及Ⅱ度白细胞减少、恶心、脱发、呕吐及黏膜炎,其中Ⅲ及Ⅳ级的白细胞减少及胃肠道反应6例(13.3％),无严重感染和死亡病例.新辅助化疗组手术根治性切除率为84.4％,对照组的手术根治性切除率为66.7％,两者差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).与对照组比较,新辅助化疗组的术后生存期明显延长(P＜0.05),且两组术后并发症无明显差异.结论 手术切除较为困难或根治率低的局部晚期胃癌患者,术前配合新辅助化疗,可显著提高胃癌切除率,并且最终可明显提高胃癌患者的术后生存期.     

进展期胃癌新辅助化疗后再手术的临床疗效

背景与目的:胃癌早期发现较为困难,手术切除率低,尤其根治性手术切除率更低,目前认为新辅助化疗可进一步提高外科治疗的疗效.本研究旨在评估进展期胃癌患者新辅助化疗后再手术的临床疗效.方法:选择进展期胃癌患者86例分为两组:常规手术组和新辅助化疗 手术组,各43例,入院后行CT检查,新辅助化疗 手术组患者进行2个周期的新辅助化疗,再行CT复查,对比后进行手术治疗.结果:常规手术组肿瘤切除率为83.7%(36/43),获得根治性切除率为46.5%(20/43):剖腹探查率为16.3%(7/43);新辅助化疗 手术组肿瘤切除率为93.0%(40/43).获得根治性切除率为69.8%(30/43),剖腹探查率为7.0%(3/43).两组均无手术死亡病例,并发症发生率差异无显著性.结论:进展期胃癌患者在新辅助化疗后,再进行手术治疗,可以提高手术根治率和切除率.     

外科治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效分析

目的:分析有手术适应症的Ⅲb期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者的外科治疗的疗效,寻找提高疗效的策略.方法:1988年至1997年96例Ⅲb期NSCLC患者接受了外科手术治疗.根据是否接受术前新辅助化疗分为单纯手术组(47例)和术前新辅助化疗组(49例),比较两组的手术性质及治疗结果.结果:术前新辅助化疗组的肉眼下手术完全切除率(46.9%)和1、3、5年生存率(42.5%、弘.7%、24.5%)均明显高于单纯手术组(23.4%和36.2%、21.3%、12.8%,P＜0.05).结论:局部晚期非小细胞肺癌Ⅲb期患者术前接受新辅助化疗较单纯手术可提高外科治疗的疗效,值得在临床上推广.     

新辅助化疗对晚期上皮性卵巢癌患者预后的影响

目的 探讨新辅助化疗对Ⅲc～Ⅳ期上皮性卵巢癌患者预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析160例Ⅲc～Ⅳ期上皮性卵巢癌患者的临床病理资料,其中42例患者行新辅助化疗后再行肿瘤细胞减灭术(NAC组),118例患者先行初次肿瘤细胞减灭术(PCS)再行化疗(PCS组),比较两组患者的生存情况及与预后相关的因素.结果新辅助化疗的总有效率为69.1%.在手术时间、术中出血量和输血量等方面,NAC组与PCS组的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).NAC组肿瘤细胞减灭术的满意率为88.1%,明显高于PCS组(71.2%,P＜0.05).NAC组和PCS组的复发率分别为43.2%和56.0%,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).NAC组的中位无瘤生存时间和中位疾病无进展生存时间分别为7个月和8个月,低于PCS组的13个月和18个月(P＜0.05);但是NAC组和PCS组的中位总生存时间分别为34个月和43个月,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).NAC组有37例患者行满意的肿瘤细胞减灭术(OCS),中位总生存时间为34个月;PCS组有84例患者行OCS,中位总生存时间为48个月,两组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 新辅助化疗可以提高Ⅲc-Ⅳ期上皮性卵巢癌患者肿瘤细胞减灭术的满意率,但未降低患者治疗后的复发率,也未延长患者的总生存时间.     

局部晚期胃癌FDP方案新辅助化疗的疗效观察

目的:评估进展期胃癌患者新辅助化疗后再手术的临床疗效。方法:选择局部晚期胃癌患者44例分为两组:常规手术组和新辅助化疗+手术组,各22例,入院后行CT检查,新辅助化疗+手术组患者进行2个周期的新辅助化疗,再行CT复查,对比后进行手术治疗。结果:常规手术组肿瘤切除率为81.8％(18／22),获得根治性切除率为45.5％(10／22),剖腹探查率为18.2％(4／22);新辅助化疗+手术组肿瘤切除率为90.9％(20／22),获得根治性切除率为72.7％(16／22),剖腹探查率为9.1％(2／22)。两组均无手术死亡病例,并发症发生率差异无显著性。结论:进展期胃癌患者在新辅助化疗后,再进行手术治疗,可以提高手术根治率和切除率。     

Oncogénétique et psycho-oncologie, une collaboration recommandée...

Résumé: La possibilité depuis 1994, de connaître la probabilité individuelle de développer certains cancers a permis de proposer de nouvelles modalités de prévention, de traitements et contribué au développement actuel de loncogénétique. Une meilleure connaissance des répercussions psychologiques tant pour les patients que pour les apparentés est désormais possible et limplication des psycho-oncologues dans ce cadre de la réalisation des tests prédictifs, recommandée. La mission de «messager» qui incombe au «cas-index» doit faire lobjet dune attention particulière. La complexité de linformation et la dimension paradoxale que peut avoir parfois la communication à propos des choix, rend difficile lévaluation de la qualité du consentement. La situation particulièrement délicate dune aide à la décision à légard de la chirurgie prophylactique, exige une collaboration étroite des généticiens et des psycho-oncologues.Les soins de support en oncologie     

The role of papillomaviruses in human cancers

This review comprehensively evaluates the influence of gene-gene, gene-environment and multiple interactions on the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods of studying these interactions and their limitations have been discussed herein. There is a need to develop biomarkers of exposure and of risk that are sensitive, specific, present in the pathway of the disease, and that have been clinically tested for routine use. The influence of inherited variation (polymorphism) in several genes has been discussed in this review; however, due to study limitations and confounders, it is difficult to conclude which ones are associated with the highest risk (either individually or in combination with environmental factors) to CRC. The majority of the sporadic cancer is believed to be due to modification of mutation risk by other genetic and/or environmental factors. Micronutrient deficiency may explain the association between low consumption of fruit/vegetables and CRC in human studies. Mitochondrial modulation by dietary factors influences the balance between cell renewal and death critical in colon mucosal homeostasis. Both genetic and epigenetic interactions are intricately dependent on each other, and collectively influence the process of colorectal tumorigenesis. The genetic and environmental interactions present a good prospect and a challenge for prevention strategies for CRC because they support the view that this highly prevalent cancer is preventable.     

Antifungal combination therapy in localized candidosis

A mouse model of localized candidosis in air-filled subcutaneous cysts imitating thrush has been developed. We have now tested various antifungal combinations in this animal model. Flucytosine (5-FC) + amphotericin B (Amph B) showed the highest efficacy, a clear additive or even synergistic effect was seen. The combination of 5-FC + imidazole or triazole derivative was less efficacious, an additive effect was rare. The combination of 5-FC + Amph B was also tested against Candida albicans strains showing various degrees of 5-FC-resistance. A significant reduction in 5-FC-resistant mutants was seen after the treatment with the combination.     

Les génériques en cancérologie: à molécule identique, médicaments identiques? Les biosimilaires, des super-génériques?

Résumé: Les biosimilaires vont bientôt voir leur apparition en Europe. Comment un laboratoire peut-il aborder le développement de son dossier dAMM? Quelles sont les bases légales et les recommandations officielles? Comment la similarité et/ou le caractère générique peuvent-ils être démontrés? Les règles sont-elles identiques à celles des produits chimiques conventionnels pour lesquels, notamment en cancérologie, il existe des médicaments génériques? Comment faire pour que la sécurité et lefficacité des médicaments biosimilaires soient assurées pour les patients?     

Cancer immunotherapy

Unprecedented progress has seen made in the last decade in the field of cancer immunotherapy. The recent approval of nivolumab （Opdivo）, the first anti-programmed cell death-1 （PD-1） antibody, for metastatic melanoma in Japan, marked a milestone in the rapidly advancing field of cancer immunotherapy. Nivolumab together with ipilimumab （Yervoy）, the anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 （CTLA-4） antibody, are the first 2 drugs in the class of ＂immune checkpoint inhibitors＂ that have delivered impressive responses in patients with metastatic melanoma and renal cell cancer （RCC） as well as a variety of solid tumors.     

Effect of tumor therapeutic irradiation on the mechanical properties of teeth tissue

Tumor irradiation of the head-neck area is accompanied by the development of a so-called radiation caries in the treated patients. In spite of conservative therapeutic measures, the process results in tooth destruction. The present study investigated the effects of irradiation on the demineralization and remineralization of the dental tissue. For this purpose, retained third molars were prepared and assigned either to a test group, which was exposed to fractional irradiation up to 60 Gy, or to a non-irradiated control group. Irradiated and non-irradiated teeth were then demineralized using acidic hydroxyl-cellulose gel; afterwards the teeth were remineralized using either Bifluorid12 or elmex gelee. The nanoindentation technique was used to measure the mechanical properties, hardness and elasticity, of the teeth in each of the conditions. The values were compared to the non-irradiated control group. Irradiation decreased dramatically the mechanical parameters of enamel and dentine. In nonirradiated teeth, demineralization had nearly the same effects of irradiation on the mechanical properties. In irradiated teeth, the effects of demineralization were negligible in comparison to non-irradiated teeth. Remineralization with Bifluorid12 or elmex gelee led to a partial improvement of the mechanical properties of the teeth. The enamel was more positively affected by remineralization than the dentine.     

Consultation multidisciplinaire pour les patients atteints d’une pathologie tumorale (carcinome infiltrant ou lésion précancéreuse) liée à HPV : la consultation multidisciplinaire papillomavirus

Given the recent increase in the number of human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced cancers in other locations than gynaecological, the number of patients with two cancers at distinct sites, and because of the lack of exhaustive data, we decided to create a multidisciplinary network around an HPV consultation at the Georges-Pompidou European Hospital (HEGP). This network aims to set up the best tools for detecting HPV-associated “multisite” precancerous lesions in order to determine the possible impact of dedicated care for this at-risk population. This monthly consultation was created at the HEGP in June 2014. It is currently organized around five consultations: gynaecological, ENT, urological, digestive and immunological. Every patient who has been diagnosed with HPV-related cancer and whose care is provided at the HEGP is offered this particular follow-up: systematically, once the initial lesion has been treated, the patient is convened annually for a day during which it benefits from the consultations mentioned above. A consultation with a psychologist is systematically proposed. Local samples are taken at each site: a cytological examination, the analysis of known predictive and prognostic virological markers are carried out. This study fits more broadly in a theme of clinical and fundamental research around cancers related to HPV.     

Differentiation state and invasiveness of human breast cancer cell lines

Summary Eighteen breast cancer cell lines were examined for expression of markers of epithelial and fibroblastic differentiation: E-cadherin, desmoplakins, ZO-1, vimentin, keratin and ₁ and ₄ integrins. The cell lines were distributed along a spectrum of differentiation from epithelial to fibroblastic phenotypes. The most well-differentiated, epithelioid cell lines contained proteins characteristic of desmosomal, adherens and tight junctions, were adherent to one another on plastic and in the basement membrane matrix Matrigel and were keratin-positive and vimentin-negative. These cell lines were all weakly invasive in anin vitro chemoinvasion assay. The most poorly-differentiated, fibroblastic cell lines were E-cadherin-, desmoplakin- and ZO-1-negative and formed branching structures in Matrigel. They were vimentin-positive, contained only low levels of keratins and were highly invasive in thein vitro chemoinvasion assay. Of all of the markers analyzed, vimentin expression correlated best within vitro invasive ability and fibroblastic differentiation. In a cell line with unstable expression of vimentin, T47D_CO, the cells that were invasive were of the fibroblastic type. The differentiation markers described here may be useful for analysis of clinical specimens and could potentially provide a more precise measure of differentiation grade yielding more power for predicting prognosis.