光纤传感技术下电力隧道自动化变形监测系统的设计与实现

城市电力隧道具有结构多样、截面尺寸小、设施多、电磁干扰大等特点,在运营期间,采用传统测量方法进行变形监测费时费力,难以保证监测精度,需要推进智能化监测。光纤传感技术的应用逐渐成为行业应用的新趋势,但采用光纤传感技术在小截面隧道变形监测中应用成果鲜见。本文结合实际,研发了基于光纤传感技术的电力隧道自动化变形监测系统,应用结果表明,该系统实现了无线传输、自动化、高精度、实时采集数据、分析和预警等功能,极大地提高了工作效率,降低了运营和维护成本,对于其他类似变形监测需求具有较高的应用和参考价值。     

基于蒙特卡洛方法的运营电力隧道结构安全评估

以工程实例为依托,根据电力隧道结构安全监测系统对运营电力隧道结构安全进行长期监测所采集到的数据,采用蒙特卡洛方法对隧道结构安全状态进行分析和计算,得出运营电力隧道结构安全评估结果,在蒙特卡洛模拟的基础上进行各参数的敏感性分析,分析归纳出影响隧道结构安全的主要因素,为保障运营电力隧道的安全运营、日常养护和加固改造提供理论依据.     

地铁自动化监测方案设计与精度分析

随着城市地铁在我国的迅速发展以及地铁沿线的工程建设,工程施工将引起基坑附近土体的变化,不可避免的对地铁隧道结构造成影响,对地铁的建设和运营安全带来威胁。传统的人工监测受制于地铁运营的影响,只能在列车停运期间进行,无法满足实时监测的需要;高精度的自动化监测能够实现自动采集、远程传输、实时分析等功能,可以做到24h不间断监测,及时发现隧道结构和轨道变形,保证地铁结构安全,是地铁监测的发展趋势。     

地铁保护区自动化变形监测系统的设计与应用研究

传统人工测量方法进行地铁变形监测具有低效率、时间滞后性等缺点。为了实时掌握地铁隧道结构变形并对变形趋势进行分析预报、辅助决策,结合传感器式液体静力水准仪、测量机器人ATR功能、无线通讯技术、计算机技术和数据库技术等,针对地铁保护区监测项目,设计出比较智能的自动化变形监测系统。研究表明,该系统自动化监测精度较高,能准确反映隧道结构变形特征,大大提高了监测效率。系统实现了监测数据获取、传输、分析、预测、成果输出等一系列功能,是一个较为成功的自动化监测平台。     

移动式三维激光扫描技术在地铁隧道变形监测中的应用

地铁运营阶段对隧道结构的变形监测保证了地铁运行的安全。现阶段我国地铁隧道监测主要采用传统的全站仪等设备进行人工测量,该方法布设的变形监测点有限,且监测过程缓慢,难以全面反映隧道结构的整体变形特征。本文将移动式三维激光技术引入地铁隧道监测,采用推行式扫描方法快速获取隧道完整结构信息,自动化后处理软件全面监测隧道结构变形信息。该方法在满足监测精度要求的情况下,实现了地铁隧道快速、全面、可靠的结构监测结果。     

地铁隧道结构稳定性自动化监测系统的研究与应用

随着城市轨道交通的快速发展,目前我国的地铁营运线路长度已近300 km,如何实时监测地铁结构的稳定性,保障地铁营运安全,受到各地政府的高度重视。本文基于高精度全站仪构建开发了地铁隧道结构安全自动化监测系统,利用VT检验法对基准点进行了稳定性判定,实现了远程无线控制全站仪对地铁结构进行自动化监测,通过三维一体化、高精度系统快速对地铁隧道进行了水平位移、垂直位移、隧道直径收敛等诸多变形量的监测,并通过试验对该系统的稳定性和监测成果精度进行了统计分析。结果表明,该系统能够满足地铁结构监测毫米级的精度要求,并具有较好的稳定性。     

测量机器人在隧道自动化监测中的应用

当今,我国地铁发展迅速,许多城市地铁线路已逐步形成网状结构,这样有利于换乘,节省空间,但在新建隧道下穿既有隧道时,施工对既有隧道的安全会造成一定影响。为了在不影响既有线路运营的情况下确保安全,自动化监测成为不可缺少的一部分。本文主要阐述测量机器人在隧道自动化监测中的应用。     

自动化监测技术在隧道受损修复工程中的应用

地铁隧道周边由于临近基坑开挖、地表加卸载及隧道近距离穿越等工程建设,引起土体的附加应力,造成隧道周围土体产生位移和变形,从而引起地铁隧道的附加变形。通过"微扰动"注浆对隧道进行加固可以对隧道的损伤进行修复,在修复过程中对隧道的自动化实时监测非常必要,可保障修复的顺利进行。本文主要研究了以物联网为基础的实时隧道自动化监测系统在隧道修复工程中的应用,结合实际工程案例,介绍了由于隧道沉降变形及管径收敛变形两种病害而对隧道进行修复时,自动化监测系统的应用情况及效果。     

测量机器人隧道变形自动监测系统的研究进展

在介绍测量机器人隧道变形自动监测系统的原理及结构基础上,采用文献分析和比较分析方法,综合分析测量机器人隧道自动监测系统在隧道结构自动化变形监测中的应用情况。分析表明,测量机器人隧道变形自动监测系统具有精度高、实时、动态、全天候智能远程遥测的优点,在地铁和隧道工程安全监测领域具有一定的应用前景。其局限性是只能逐个单点定期监测,增加工程监测的成本。因此,控制成本、开发多点监测功能并全面实现自动化、智能化和网络化是其发展方向。     

全站仪在盾构下穿施工运营隧道变形监测中的应用

针对新建盾构隧道下穿施工而导致运营隧道结构变形的问题,利用全站仪构建自动化监测系统,对施工期间运营隧道关键节点典型断面的监测数据进行分析和精度评定。本次盾构下穿期间,运营隧道道床沉降整体呈现抬升趋势,管片收敛呈现扩张趋势,道床位移呈现向盾构推进方向运动的趋势。通过人工复核对自动监测系统进行精度评估,结果表明自动化监测与人工复核整体偏差在1 mm内,全站仪自动化监测系统为地铁运营安全风险评估提供测量技术支撑,通过某地铁盾构隧道施工监测的数据分析,验证了全站仪自动化监测系统的可行性和有效性。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。