GAT陀螺全站仪在井下控制测量中的应用

为了减小测角误差对导线点位误差的影响,提高井下控制网的精度,运用GAT陀螺全站仪进行井上、井下陀螺定向观测和平差处理,实现了井下导线的精确定位。通过实例分析,GAT陀螺全站仪在井下导线测量中极大地提高了导线的精度和可靠性。     

基于光纤陀螺的全站仪组合定向技术研究

为实现在单个GPS控制点上直接完成角秒级的全站仪定向,提出了一种基于光纤陀螺的免安装误差标定全站仪定向方法。在该方法中,光纤陀螺与全站仪望远镜固连,利用全站仪望远镜带动光纤陀螺分别在4个特定位置做静态测量,获得全站仪横轴真方位角。通过仿真研究和组合试验,结果表明:该方法在不利的情况下,方位角误差可控制在30″以内,该精度能够满足日常测量工作需要。     

陀螺全站仪在矿井联系测量中的应用

本文介绍陀螺全站仪在煤矿竖井联系测量中的应用.简述投点、井上下连接测量、陀螺全站仪定向和导入标高的方法,分析陀螺定向的精度,讨论定向方法的优缺点.实践表明:利用陀螺全站仪进行竖井联系测量,克服了几何定向精度低、占用井筒时间长等缺点,提高了井下测量数据精度,为煤矿安全生产工作提供了保证.     

陀螺全站仪在地铁联系测量中的应用

介绍了陀螺全站仪在地铁竖井联系测量中的应用。简述井上下连接测量、陀螺全站仪定向的方法,分析陀螺定向的精度,讨论定向方法的优缺点。实践表明:利用陀螺全站仪进行竖井联系测量,克服了几何定向精度低、占用井筒时间长等缺点,提高了井下测量数据精度,为地铁安全生产工作提供了保证。     

TJ9000陀螺全站仪在地理位置的定向精度研究

为了减少起始方位角对最终边的影响,保证矿井高精度的长距离贯通,文章对提高TJ9000陀螺全站仪定向精度方法进行了研究。以内蒙古鄂托克前旗某煤矿精密贯通测量工程为例分析了已知边位置对仪器常数的影响,选择了工程中需要加测的陀螺定向边,制定了合理的观测方案和数据处理方法。利用陀螺全站仪进行井上、井下陀螺定向观测,进行严密平差计算和数据处理,及时对贯通导线进行修正,最后对结果进行比对分析。结果表明,采用距离定向边更近的已知边来测定仪器常数所得到的陀螺边定向精度更高;应用陀螺全站仪加测定向边可以提高贯通精度并且操作简单方便、实用性好。     

用GYROMAT 3000实现地铁隧道内的高精度定向测量

陀螺全站仪是一种无需借助外力可进行真北定向测量的仪器,本文首先对陀螺全站仪定向原理进行了介绍,阐述了真北方位角、坐标北方位角与陀螺方位角的关系。然后介绍了GYROMAT 3000陀螺全站仪的特点和优势。结合GYROMAT 3000陀螺全站仪在某地地铁一号线隧道进行定向测量,阐述了隧道内陀螺定向测量流程。将陀螺定向测量结果加入隧道内精密导线进行平差,结果表明,加入陀螺定向测量方位角后,导线精度明显提高。陀螺定向成果指导了隧道的开挖,确保了隧道准确贯通。     

陀螺定向测量技术在矿井生产中的应用研究

一、引言 随着陀螺定向技术的进步,由陀螺经纬仪过度到陀螺全站仪,定向精度进一步提高,操作日趋智能化。陀螺定向测量技术在矿井定向中有着定向精度高、不受天气、地磁等的影响,特别是不存在误差传递、累积,克服了随井筒深度增加而降低定向精度的缺点,它改变了多年来几何定向模式,克服了几何定向占用井筒而造成停产、耗费大量人力、物力和时间等缺点。     

GeoBasic在陀螺全站仪联机通讯中的应用

本文在新组合的陀螺全站仪的基础上,在全站仪上开发相应的通讯及数据处理程序,实现了Y/JTG1陀螺全站仪的陀螺仪部分和全站仪部分联机通讯并在全站仪上接收、显示和保存数据,提高了陀螺全站仪的定向速度。新的仪器组合也提高了定向精度和自动化程度。     

GPS-陀螺全站仪的研究

在保证高精度陀螺定向精度的前提下,探讨采用GPS单点定位技术快速测定测站点坐标,方便求得测站点的子午线收敛角。通过分析大地坐标和平面坐标对子午线收敛角精度的影响,将GPS单点定位测量的WGS-84数据转换到1954北京坐标系,并结合单点定位技术分析其所测数据能否满足陀螺定向精度要求。目前,GPS单点定位精度能够满足纬度在60°范围内陀螺定向中子午线收敛角的精度要求。通过理论分析可知,GPS单点定位精度要求随着纬度和经差的减小而不断降低,将子午线收敛角的精度控制在2″之内,测站点位于中纬度地区(30°～45°),GPS单点定位精度控制在40 m之内,即可满足陀螺定向所需精度要求。最后对GPS-陀螺全站仪的数据处理流程进行总结,分析GPS-陀螺全站仪的功能模块,理论上实现GPS-陀螺全站仪直接得出定向边的坐标方位角。     

高精度光纤陀螺位置和姿态测量系统

采用国产高精度光纤陀螺技术和先进闭环误差控制算法自行研制了高精度光纤陀螺位置和姿态测量系统。惯性测量单元由一个三轴一体的光纤陀螺仪和3只石英加速度计互相正交安装组成。采用的高精度光纤陀螺稳定性全温范围内优于0.01°/h。提出一种有效的闭环误差控制算法,闭环误差控制算法可以解决GPS缺失、跳变引起的导航曲线不连续问题。与加拿大的POS AV610的跑车进行比对试验,结果表明,系统精度与加拿大Applanix公司的POS AV610精度相当。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。