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1.
    
Wax deposition is an important but troublesome boulder in petroleum industry that has always plagued pipeline engineering operators. In this study, wax deposition in the polyethylene pipes has different behaviors comparing wax deposition in stainless steel pipes such as smaller weight of wax deposits and lower wax content. After wax deposition experiments, some important parameters, including diffusivity and temperature gradient, were measured and calculated to explore the differences between two material pipes. Moreover, those factors can make a significant impact on radial mass flux. A series of results in polyethylene pipes suggests that higher diffusivity enhances diffusion flux of wax in the radial direction. But it was found that radial concentration gradient accounted for a larger proportion. These factors are the relationship of competition and cooperation and the combination of them results in different performances of wax deposition between polyethylene and stainless steel pipes.  相似文献   

2.
李浩  姚刚  罗山 《广州化工》2012,40(10):45-46,53
热油管道输送含蜡油在管壁出现蜡沉积时,往往频繁使用清防蜡剂或者清管器清管手段予以清除。但是在管道建设初期和运营后期,实际输量小于设计输量,在管壁形成一定厚度的蜡沉积反而有益于提升输送效益。通过分析热油管道蜡沉积前后总传热系数和轴向温降的变化,给出了蜡沉积前后温降计算、经济效益评估、允许最小输量计算等公式。为定量分析蜡沉积最优厚度提供了理论依据,对不同管道确定蜡沉积厚度具有指导意义。  相似文献   

3.
    
In this study, a mathematic model is proposed for estimating the wax content of wax deposits. The proposed model was built based on the diffusion of wax molecules and counter-diffusion of oil molecules and described using the Fick's second law, allowing for the stacking fraction and orientational order of precipitated wax crystals and the tortuosity of diffusion path of de-waxed oil molecules during the counter-diffusion. The calculated results were verified by comparing with the flow-loop wax deposition experimental results. Dependence of radial position, deposition duration, bulk temperature, and wall temperature were investigated. These factors significantly affected the wax content during wax deposition. Good agreements were observed between the predictions and experimental results. The variation trends of wax content affected by various aspects are consistent with the existing studies.  相似文献   

4.
国莉  江国业 《当代化工》2004,33(1):22-24
在含蜡原油管道的日常运行管理中,结蜡厚度是个重要参数。经常根据这个参数评价管道内部的结蜡情况.借此进行工况分析或者调整管道的运行参数。为此.建立了含蜡原油管道结蜡厚度的计算模型,并给出了相应的求解方法。求解方法快捷准确.且有较好的扩展性,结果满足工程要求。  相似文献   

5.
在分析蜡沉积过程的基础上, 基于一定的假设条件, 建立了蜡沉积厚度随时间变化的模型。通过提取蜡沉积厚度随时间变化曲线的数据, 拟合了模型中的待求常数, 并对模型计算值和实验值的吻合程度进行了分析。结果表明:对数模型、指数模型及动平衡模型均能反映蜡沉积厚度随时间的变化趋势, 对数模型与实验值的吻合程度最好;指数模型和动平衡模型所得的结果与实验结果的吻合程度相当, 在沉积初期, 指数模型的吻合程度高于动平衡模型, 但当沉积时间接近实验规定时间时, 动平衡模型的吻合程度高于指数模型;所建立的模型简单实用, 能够反映沉积厚度随时间变化的增长快慢趋势, 不同实验数据应用时仍需对各模型的计算精度进一步验证, 从而使得选用模型能更好地符合实际。  相似文献   

6.
The thermal and rheological behavior of blends of a Fischer–Tropsch (F-T) wax with linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and cone-and-plate rheometry. F-T wax is used as a possible low-cost processing aid alternative for LLDPE masterbatch applications. The melting- and crystallization thermograms indicated a two-phase solid-state morphology and full compatibility in the fully molten material. Both the high-melting and low-melting phase contained co-crystalized wax and polymer. Rheological data of F-T wax-LLDPE blends over the full composition range was also obtained. The zero-shear viscosity data was adequately predicted by the Friedman and Porter mixing rule: η = w p η p 1 / α + w w η w 1 / α α with α = 3.4. This implies that the melt viscosity is dominated by the effects of polymer chain entanglement and that the main consequence of adding the wax is to reduce the concentration of the polymer present. The complex viscosity also fitted this model albeit with α = 4.81. All Han plots, that is, plots of the logarithm of the storage modulus (G') against the logarithm of the loss modulus (G\"), were linear. Within the experimental uncertainty, they were essentially unaffected by variations in blend composition, temperature and the applied angular frequency. Additionally, Cole–Cole plots were also in agreement that wax-LLDPE blends are miscible at melt state. This supports full miscibility of the F-T wax-LLDPE blend system down to temperatures as low as 120°C.  相似文献   

7.
采用差压法设计安装了一个室内环道管流设备,并以此设备对苏嵯管道的不同工况进行了室内结蜡实验。参照苏嵯输油管线现场运行数据,在通过计算得到管壁剪切率、蜡晶溶解度、油品粘度以及径向温度梯度等参数的基础上,采用最小二乘法回归确立了适用于苏嵯输油管线的管道蜡沉积模型。在数据分析和模拟实验结果的基础上,分析了流速、油温以及壁温等因素对苏嵯输油管道结蜡的影响,得出了该条管道的蜡沉积规律,为苏嵯输油管道的实际生产运行提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

8.
《云南化工》2017,(11):64-66
甲醇合成生产普遍以铜基催化剂为主,此催化剂下生产甲醇的同时伴有高碳链的碳氢化合物和石蜡生产。当正常生产过程中石蜡过多时会造成甲醇气液分离器、水冷器、阀门管道、甚至合成塔出口的堵塞,严重时会造成停车清蜡。因此研究石蜡产生的机理以及如何避免和减少石蜡的产生是很有必要的。  相似文献   

9.
原油组成对原油管道结蜡规律的影响   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
李传宪  白帆  王燕 《化工学报》2014,65(11):4571-4578
利用旋转式动态结蜡装置,对不同组成的人工油样(胶质和沥青质含量不同或蜡含量不同)进行了不同条件下的实验研究.通过对管壁沉积物取样并利用差式扫描量热法(DSC)和四组分法进行分析,探究了不同原油组成对结蜡的影响规律.结合胶质和沥青质在结蜡过程中的作用机理,发现胶质和沥青质的存在虽然总会削弱蜡分子的迁移动力,阻碍蜡分子的沉积,但在含量较小时会协同蜡分子的沉积作用,而当含量较大时会以粘壁的形式附着于管壁.对蜡含量不同原油的结蜡规律研究发现:原油所含蜡分子的碳数越高,结蜡层中的蜡含量就越少.但由于碳数较高的蜡分子具有相对较长的碳链,更容易与原油中的胶质和沥青质发生共晶作用,故更易与胶质和沥青质一起沉积于壁面.  相似文献   

10.
郭云龙  吴茂英  曹先贵 《塑料》2020,(1):94-96,100
通过转矩流变仪测定塑化时间(tf),并比较塑化时间延长效应[Δtf=tf(PVC+润滑剂)-tf(PVC)],研究了高密度氧化聚乙烯蜡A-C 316A对聚乙烯蜡A-C 617A和硬脂酸钙(CaSt2)作为PVC润滑剂润滑性能的影响。结果表明,A-C 617A单独使用及其与CaSt2并用时,PVC树脂的外润滑性能均由于A-C 316A的添加而下降,而A-C 617A-CaSt2并用体系的性能下降,这是A-C 617A性能下降和协同效应没有叠加的结果,因此,其幅度比A-C 617A单独使用时更大。由此可以推测,A-C 316A的效应并不能归因于内润滑作用,其实际机理应该是由于独特的结构、性质,其既难溶于PVC又难溶于A-C 617A,但是却可以吸附A-C 617A和吸收CaSt2,而吸附A-C 617A则可以导致其有效用量减少,吸收CaSt2,破坏了A-C 617A-CaSt2的协同作用。  相似文献   

11.
通过对高密度聚乙烯进行釜式热裂解实验,研究高密度聚乙烯的热裂解行为,计算动力学反应参数,建立了聚乙烯热裂解的集总动力学模型,并讨论了反应温度及反应时间对模型的影响,对预测产品产率及分布起到指导性作用。  相似文献   

12.
吴国江  曹桂芝  江敏 《当代化工》2014,(9):1695-1697
研究了用氧化聚乙烯蜡、58#全炼蜡制备铝合金压铸蜡乳液脱模剂的方法。考查了乳化剂类型、乳化剂用量、乳化工艺对乳液稳定性的影响。实验结果表明,当复合乳化剂用量为复合蜡的30%,乳化温度为95℃,搅拌速度为500~700 r/min时,乳化时间为40~45 min,可以制取一种稳定的用于铝合金压铸蜡乳液脱模剂。  相似文献   

13.
阳-非复合离子型氧化聚乙烯蜡乳液广泛应用于皮革涂饰、造纸、印染等领域,该文用三乙醇胺对氧化聚乙烯蜡进行酯化改性,再用相转变法和复合乳化体系对酯化改性的氧化聚乙烯蜡进行乳化,并对乳液性能进行检测分析。实验结果表明,三乙醇胺对氧化聚乙烯蜡进行酯化改性后,可明显提高氧化聚乙烯蜡的可乳化性和乳液的稳定性。乳化剂的种类、用量、乳化温度以及剪切搅拌速度等乳化因素对乳液性能有较大影响。乳化实验优化的条件为:乳化剂OS-15用量为氧化聚乙烯蜡质量的15%,乳化剂1631用量为氧化聚乙烯蜡质量的5%;乳化温度为90~95℃;连续剪切分散40~60min。  相似文献   

14.
聚乙烯蜡的生产,在色母料中的应用,以及其作为润滑剂的原理和应用。  相似文献   

15.
马来酸化聚乙烯蜡乳液及其应用   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
刘春叶  唐辉  王亚明 《化工时刊》2002,16(12):14-17
综述了聚乙烯蜡马来酸化改性过程的原理,影响因素及改性蜡乳液的制备方法,影响因素和用途。其中蜡的接枝过程为链式自由基反应,包括本体,溶液,悬浮,熔融和固相4种方法。接枝效果受到马来酸酐用量,引发剂用量,反应温度及反应时间的影响,改性蜡的乳化则受到乳化剂用量,乳化温度,乳化时间等因素的影响。此蜡乳液主要应用在表面上光,园艺和保,纸张等方面。  相似文献   

16.
以废旧聚乙烯为原料,Al-MCM-48为催化剂,在高压釜内催化裂解制备聚乙烯蜡。用红外光谱对产品进行了分析,讨论了催化剂、反应温度和时间对产品的影响。实验结果表明:裂解的适宜加工条件为,催化剂含量0.3%,反应温度360~380℃,反应时间4h。在适宜的加工条件下,所得聚乙烯蜡产品为黄色,分子量在1300~1800之间滴,熔点约为106℃,针入度约为0.17mm。  相似文献   

17.
    
Jojoba wax was chemically bonded to polyethylene—in film or hollow fiber form—via a stable sulfonamide bond. The jojoba-bonded polyethylene was obtained by binding allyl amino jojoba derivatives to chlorosulfonated polyethylene. The amount of jojoba added to the polymer ranged from 9 to 98% (w/w), depending onthe reaction conditions. Swelling of the polymer in the reaction solvent was the major factor affecting the efficacy of the chemical binding of the jojoba amino groups to the chlorosulfonyl entities of the polymer. The double-bond regions in the bound jojoba wax were preserved, i.e., they were shown to be reactive in a bromination reaction. These modified membranes can find application in separation processes, such as metal ion separation and pervaporation.  相似文献   

18.
王冬美  张建中  肇薇  安磊  崔巍 《应用化工》2011,40(3):494-497,501
实验制备的氧化蜡具有与天然巴西棕榈蜡相近的性能。考察了反应温度、反应时间、空气流速、蜡的选择和用量、催化剂用量等因素对氧化蜡质量的影响。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:反应温度150~160℃,激发温度180~185℃,反应时间6~8 h,空气流速0.4 m3/h,石蜡用量65.0%,聚乙烯蜡用量20.0%,硬脂酸用量10.0%,氢氧化钙用量2.5%~3.0%,催化剂用量0.02%~0.05%,DTBP用量0.6%~1.0%。得到的产品具有较高的酸值、皂化值和较佳的针入度值。  相似文献   

19.
The catalytic liquid-phase degradation of polyethylene wax into fuel oil was studied using mordenite catalysts with various Si/Al molar ratios prepared by dealumination. The total yield of gas and liquid products showed a volcano plot along the Si/Al molar ratio of mordenite. No significant change was observed in the composition of the liquid product for all catalysts used in this study. Fast deactivation was anticipated on the mordenite catalysts with low Si/Al molar ratios such as 5 and 10, due to pore blocking by the carbon deposited on the external surface of the zeolite. A high activity and a long catalyst life were obtained on the mordenite catalyst with a Si/Al molar ratio of 12.  相似文献   

20.
改性聚乙烯蜡氧化的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
对石蜡改性聚乙烯蜡的空气氧化进行了研究,考察了石蜡加入量、催化剂用量、激发温度、反应温度、反应时间和空气流速对反应过程的影响。结果表明:在石蜡加入量35%、催化剂W-1用量2.5~3.5%、激发温度170~180℃、反应温度145~150℃、反应7h及空气流速5~6m/s的反应条件下,可以制得酸值30~35mgKOH·g-1的氧化蜡。产物红外谱图表明产物主要由脂肪酸、酯以及一部分未反应的原料组成。  相似文献   

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