剩余柔度模态与附着模态在模态综合法中的等价性

在早期的模态综合法中,引起计算误差的主要原因是由于截去了高阶模态。文献[1～4]从不同角度揭示,剩余柔度模态和附着模态可以有效地补偿这种截断误差。在此基础上,已派生出两类新的自由界面模态综合法。第一类方法的特点是将子结构位移用自由界面模态与剩余柔度模态来表示,第二类方法的特点是用自由界面模态与附着模态来表示子结构位移。本文将指出,这两类方法是等价的。其等价性表现在剩余柔度模态与附着模态可以相互替换而不影响模态综合的最终结果。本文将以文献[4]提出的方法为例来证明该等价性,并在文末给出一个数值算例。     

模态综合的直接变换法

基于固定界面模态综合的Craig-Bampton方法,提出了模态综合的直接变换方法,该法在形式上更简洁,适用于大规模动力学系统的模态分析和动力学模型减缩。对采用直接变换法模态综合过程的计算误差做了分析,给出了计算误差界,阐明了模态综合后总体结构的固有频率与子结构保留主模态个数之间的关系。针对子结构界面自由度太大的情况,提出了直接变换法的分部算法,不需组集系统总刚度、总质量矩阵,仅在子结构的基础上完成系统的减缩。计算实例表明该算法的有效性及计算的稳定性。     

混合边界子结构的航空发动机机匣模型修正

提出了一种基于混合边界模态综合的复杂结构有限元模型修正方法。其主要步骤包括:①子结构划分,根据结构形式划分待修正区域,得到子结构和残余结构;②缩聚和装配,利用混合边界模态综合法,将子结构内部自由度集缩聚至混合边界自由度集,得到子结构缩聚矩阵,并与残余结构的系统矩阵进行装配;③修正,基于灵敏度分析方法,对装配后的残余结构进行参数修正。将该方法应用于航空发动机外机匣的精细化有限元建模及模型修正研究,针对局部连接结构参数修正,子结构模型修正方法的参数收敛后最大误差为064%,其计算效率提高了515倍。算例结果表明,该方法在保证修正精确度的同时,能提高大规模复杂结构有限元模型修正的计算效率。      

模态综合技术短评和一种新的改进

本文对模态综合技术作了简短的评述。在对照各种综合方法的优缺点之后,提出一种新的改进,它以瑞莱-李兹原理为基础,用各子结构的自由对接边界下的一簇包括基频在内的低阶主模态,补以“剩余模态集”来综合完整结构的固有振动特性。我们论证了用部件关于其对接边界反力的剩余模态集来近似更替它的截尾主模态集的理论根据,指出关联于剩余模态集的坐标列阵就是对接力列阵,这样在装配时不仅能考虑各别部件对接边界上的位移协调,而且也能考虑相应的内力平衡,从而使得综合特征值问题的尺寸达到最大限度的减缩。这对于综合象宇航飞行器,空间框架及叶片-转盘系统一类具有大量内连自由度的结构,其意义是很明显的。     

含接触界面的叶片非线性模态分析方法

为揭示含复杂接触界面的大规模叶片的非线性模态特性,建立了含接触界面的叶片非线性模态高效分析方法。以含缘板阻尼器的简化涡轮叶片有限元模型为例,介绍了含接触非线性耗散系统的阻尼非线性模态的基本定义;综合采用多谐波平衡法和基于高精度频响函数矩阵的线性自由度压缩方法,将非线性计算规模降低至初始模型的1/88,实现了含接触界面的大规模叶片有限元模型的非线性模态高效分析;基于能量平衡思想探索了叶片阻尼非线性模态振动与其共振点强迫振动响应之间的关联。结果表明,该非线性模态分析方法能够同步揭示叶片非线性模态频率和非线性阻尼比的振幅相关特性,对于涡轮叶片的动力学设计和缘板阻尼器的减振能力的量化评估具有重要意义。     

航空结构动力分析系统HAJIF-Ⅱ

HAJIF-Ⅱ是中国航空研究院领导研制的航空结构动力分析系统。它可以进行结构的固有动力特性计算,以及带主动控制系统的飞机颤振计算和突风响应计算。它具有31条固定流程、2600条FORTRAN语句。允许使用99个原级子结构,每个子结构的自由度数可达7000。颤振计算和突风响应计算中,可以使用50个形态。非定常空气动力计算的分块数可达300个。在刚度矩阵和质量矩阵的管理上,采用超元矩阵方法做“宏观处理”,并用有效列方法做“微观处理”,发展了新的同时迭代算法,以提高实特征值计算的效率。设计了比较完整的形态综合法计算程序,除固定界面法和自由界面法之外,还发展了分级综合和逐步综合的新方法。非定常空气动力计算方面,引入了用曲线拟合方法把谐振荡空气动力转入拉氏平面的技术。用本系统计算了一批典型的结构,取得了良好结果。     

基于柔度曲率矩阵的复合材料脱层损伤识别研究

利用复合材料的模态柔度曲率矩阵探讨了复合材料构件的无损检测方法。通过模态分析获得脱层复合材料梁的各阶固有频率及节点振型,计算得到模态柔度曲率矩阵判断复合材料梁的脱层损伤。基于梁结构损伤检测理论发展了基于柔度曲率矩阵的复合材料板结构脱层损伤识别理论,即纵向柔度曲率矩阵和横向柔度曲率矩阵。算例分析表明:对于单一脱层损伤,纵向和横向柔度曲率突变率分别是3.6310、5.4078倍。对于多处脱层损伤,小损伤处纵向和横向柔度曲率突变率分别是3.5350、5.902 8倍;大损伤处纵向和横向柔度曲率突变率分别是5.680 3、10.010 9倍。突变位置与预设的脱层位置一致。说明纵向和横向柔度曲率均能判断复合材料脱层损伤的位置和大小,且相对来说,纵向柔度曲率损伤识别效果更好于横向柔度曲率。     

复合材料圆筒结构脱层损伤识别研究

针对复合材料圆筒结构,讨论了基于模态柔度曲率矩阵的无损检测方法。通过模态分析获得脱层复合材料圆筒的各阶固有频率及节点振型,计算得到轴向和周向柔度曲率矩阵来判断损伤。研究表明:轴向和周向柔度曲率矩阵两种方法均可达到精确识别脱层位置及大小的效果,且越靠近外筒壁,柔度曲率矩阵图突变越大,越易检测。相对而言,轴向柔度曲率Fc在脱层位置突变远大于周向柔度曲率Fd,更易判断损伤。但当损伤发生在沿轴线固定端边界时,轴向柔度曲率Fc本身就有较小突变,应用周向柔度曲率Fd识别防止误判。     

3-D有限元转子系统动力减缩的部件模态综合方法及应用

为了对3-D有限元转子模型进行动力学减缩,提出基于部件模态综合的旋转子结构方法.该方法利用实模态振型矩阵减缩子结构自由度,不同转速下的减缩陀螺矩阵由转速系数乘以单位转速的减缩陀螺矩阵得到.与复模态减缩相比,避免了重复求解变换矩阵的缺点,减缩精度优于基于Guyan减缩的旋转子结构法.利用该方法减缩了某航空发动机转子模型87%的自由度数.经比较,由Campbell图所得临界转速的最大误差为0.04%,稳态不平衡响应计算结果与原模型也几乎完全相同,使用的内存和计算时间均不到原模型的20%,验证结果证明该方法可行.      

一种基于有限元法和弹性接触理论的齿轮啮合刚度改进算法

提出了一种将有限元法和弹性接触理论相结合的齿轮啮合刚度计算方法.该方法利用子结构法提取齿面原始柔度矩阵并分离出接触点弯曲变形,根据线弹接触变形解析公式计算接触变形,通过求解非线性变形协调方程得到齿轮时变啮合刚度和齿面载荷分布.以一对齿轮副为例,计算的啮合刚度与航空标准计算结果相差在6%以内.该方法发挥了有限元法在预测物体整体变形方面的优势,同时结合弹性接触理论能够准确计算局部接触变形的优点,与常规有限元法相比,能够有效地提升计算效率.由于接触变形问题的非线性,啮合刚度随总啮合力增加呈现非线性增大的趋势.      

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.