基于单片机的公交车自动报站系统设计

系统由单片机主控模块、无线射频收发模块、语音播报模块、显示模块等部分组成。其中,无线收发模块实现公交车与站台之间信息的发射与接收;语音芯片实现语音的录制与播放。通过编写软件控制程序进行调试,整个系统能够完成识别站点、进站时语音播报、实时显示时间和站点信息等功能。     

语音识别的智能门控系统设计

该智能门卫系统采用语音识别技术.在陵阳单片机SPCE061A上实现.硬件部分主要由SPCE061A单片机、电源与门控电路、外扩存储器SPR4096、音频输入与输出电路等组成.主要技术是该单片机在语音识别中的应用和对门控电路的设计.该系统软件部分由语音训练模块、语音识别模块、语音数据处理模块、语音播报模块和密码输入与确认模块组成,通过对系统的初始化和识别训练实现了语音数据的采集、特征提取、特定语音识别和语音播放等功能.根据语音识别算法原理,对语音信号的预处理、特征提取、模式匹配做了分析.该系统实验结果表明,系统性能稳定,识别效果好,可用于家庭或小型办公场所的门锁控制.     

基于STM32的防遗落智能书包设计

笔者设计了一款基于STM32F103RET6的防遗落智能书包系统,该系统由核心控制模块、稳压模块、语音识别模块、语音播报模块、RFID读写模块、GPS北斗双定位模块、WiFi模块、GSM通信模块、稳压模块以及手机APP等组成。RFID读写模块读入数据,装包时检测并播报未遗落或遗落的东西;WiFi模块联网获取并播报本地城市的天气情况;通信模块将信息发送到手机APP上;GPS北斗双定位模块和通信模块配合将书包的位置情况发送到手机APP上。测试结果表明,该系统实现了预期的设计功能。     

具有语音播报功能的温控系统的设计

本文研究了一个具有语音播报功能的温控系统的设计方案。该系统利用凌阳SPCE061A单片机的语音播报功能和数字温度传感器DS18B20,实现了温度样本的智能采集、播报和控制功能。     

基于Modbus协议的ABB变频器语音播报功能扩展

介绍一种基于Modbus协议的变频器功能扩展系统,该系统采用单片机和科大讯飞TTS语音模块为ABB变频器提供语音播报功能.作为一种应用广泛的电机控制装置,若能扩展语音播报功能将为其应用带来较大的便利.对Modbus协议、ABB变频器的Modbus-RTU通信功能及单片机语音播报系统的控制方式等进行了较详细的介绍.开发了一种基于ACS510变频器的语音播报系统,并给出了系统的详细设计方案,可为同类系统的设计及应用提供借鉴.     

具有语音播报功能的温控系统的设计

本文研究了一个具有语音播报功能的温控系统的设计方案。该系统利用凌阳SPCE061A单片机的语音播报功能和数字温度传感器DS18820．实现了温度样本的智能采集、播报和控制功能。     

基于ISD1760实现的语音信息播报系统

文章设计了一种基于语音芯片ISD1760的语音播报系统,介绍了语音芯片ISD1760的结构、功能及工作模式,并通过89S51单片机控制,实现语音自动播报。文章对系统的软硬件进行了分析和设计．并成功地实现了温度和湿度的自动播报。     

公交车智能报站系统的设计与实现

针对公交车驾驶员手动报站存在的安全隐患问题,提出了一种新的智能报站系统设计。该系统由SPCE061A单片机、GPS、LCD和键盘组成,通过实时比较GPS信号与存储在NAND Flash中的站点信息来确定当前站点信息,实现智能播报。与传统的手动语音播报方式相比,该系统具有更好的安全性、智能性、稳定性,并且播报结果准确可靠。     

一种智能分类分拣垃圾桶的设计

为有效解决家庭生活垃圾投放分类问题，设计了一种智能分类分拣垃圾桶，以STC89C52单片机作为智能垃圾桶控制系统的主控芯片，采用语音识别与颜色识别的双重系统识别，Wi-Fi无线通信进行远程遥控收信，舵机和语音模块等执行模块及少数外围电路组成。识别系统能够实现对垃圾进行自动分类，通过语音模块播报类别，对垃圾桶进行溢满报警和光控照明等。     

基于Android平台语音播报器的设计与实现

本系统采用Android平台开发技术,Eclipse作为系统开发工具,对语音播报器中所涉及相关技术进行了介绍,并在此基础上提出了语音播报器中相应的解决策略。主要阐述了系统的语音朗读、语音短信、语音识别的功能。同时通过对语音播报器的需求分析,对系统各个功能模块进行了设计,并实现了相关技术和算法在系统中的应用。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

Enhancing a leaf radiative transfer model to estimate concentrations and in vivo specific absorption coefficients of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b from single-needle reflectance and transmittance

The relative concentrations of different pigments within a leaf have significant physiological and spectral consequences. Photosynthesis, light use efficiency, mass and energy exchange, and stress response are dependent on relationships among an ensemble of pigments. This ensemble also determines the visible characteristics of a leaf, which can be measured remotely and used to quantify leaf biochemistry and structure. But current remote sensing approaches are limited in their ability to resolve individual pigments. This paper focuses on the incorporation of three pigments—chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total carotenoids—into the LIBERTY leaf radiative transfer model to better understand relationships between leaf biochemical, biophysical, and spectral properties.Pinus ponderosa and Pinus jeffreyi needles were collected from three sites in the California Sierra Nevada. Hemispheric single-leaf visible reflectance and transmittance and concentrations of chlorophylls a and b and total carotenoids of fresh needles were measured. These data were input to the enhanced LIBERTY model to estimate optical and biochemical properties of pine needles. The enhanced model successfully estimated reflectance (RMSE = 0.0255, BIAS = 0.00477, RMS%E = 16.7%), had variable success estimating transmittance (RMSE = 0.0442, BIAS = 0.0294, RMS%E = 181%), and generated very good estimates of carotenoid concentrations (RMSE = 2.48 µg/cm², BIAS = 0.143 µg/cm², RMS%E = 20.4%), good estimates of chlorophyll a concentrations (RMSE = 10.7 µg/cm², BIAS = − 0.992 µg/cm², RMS%E = 21.1%), and fair estimates of chlorophyll b concentrations (RMSE = 7.49 µg/cm², BIAS = − 2.12 µg/cm², RMS%E = 43.7%). Overall root mean squared errors of reflectance, transmittance, and pigment concentration estimates were lower for the three-pigment model than for the single-pigment model. The algorithm to estimate three in vivo specific absorption coefficients is robust, although estimated values are distorted by inconsistencies in model biophysics. The capacity to invert the model from single-leaf reflectance and transmittance was added to the model so it could be coupled with vegetation canopy models to estimate canopy biochemistry from remotely sensed data.     

Mr. Twinn’s bombes

This article discusses the history and design of the special versions of the bombe key-finding machines used by Britain’s Government Code & Cypher School (GC&CS) during World War II to attack the Enigma traffic of the Abwehr (the German military intelligence service). These special bombes were based on the design of their more numerous counterparts used against the traffic of the German armed services, but differed from them in important ways that highlight the adaptability of the British bombe design, and the power and flexibility of the diagonal board. Also discussed are the changes in the Abwehr indicating system that drove the development of these machines, the ingenious ways in which they were used, and some related developments involving the bombes used by the U.S. Navy’s cryptanalytic unit (OP-20-G).