电场处理的强化晶界效应与唯象理论

以2090＋Ce铝锂合金为研究对象,重点探索了电场处理的强化晶界效应,研究了室温拉伸性能、显微组织对之的响应关系。结果表明,电场固溶处理可强化晶界,从而减弱沿晶断裂倾向,获得改善塑性的效应,但对强度影响甚微。唯象理论研究表明,电场有助于增强晶内溶质固溶能力,阻碍溶质、空位簇聚。     

Investigation on Behavior of Rare Earth Element Cerium in Aluminum-Lithium Alloys by Internal Friction Method

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Influence Mechanism of Cerium on the Threshold of Short Fatigue Crack for Aluminum-lithium Alloy 2090

The short fatigUe cracks for aluminum-lithitim alloys are mainly in the field of mechanicalcharacteristic research [l--31. It is found thataluminum-lithium alloys eallibit the strongershort crack effect, which is difficult to overcome. In this icicle, the thresholds of short fatigUe cracks for alUminUm-lithium alloys 2090and 2090 Ce have been quantitatively stUdiedand evaluated. By adding Ce into alloy 2090, thebeneficial influence over the microstrUcture andproperties can be achieved [4, 5…     

Ce 含量对 Mg2.2Sn1Al0.5Zn合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

利用 OM、XRD、SEM、EDS 等方法,研究了不同Ce 含量对 Mg-2.2Sn-1Al-0.5Zn 合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：添加适量的稀土 Ce 能细化晶粒,Ce 与 Al 结合形成高熔点的稀土相 Al4Ce,使β-Mg17Al12相数量减少;针状或杆状 Al4Ce 相分布在晶界周围,阻止了位错运动;合金的抗拉强度、塑性和硬度均随 Ce 含量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势,当 Ce 含量为0.6%时合金的力学性能最佳。对断口进行扫描分析证明拉伸断裂为穿晶断裂和韧性断裂的混合断裂。     

高强度铸造铝铜合金微观组织对性能的影响

研究了微观组织对ZL205A系铸造铝铜合金热处理后强度和塑性的影响。结果表明:影响该合金强度和塑性性能的微观组织主要是晶粒尺寸、晶内、晶界沉淀相,弥散析出相和未固溶相。晶界处主要是θ相、N相、初生T相的混合组织,当呈针状或条状时恶化合金性能,当呈半连续的骨骼对合金性能影响较小。晶内细小弥散的二次T相是主要强化相,当T相聚集长大会降低强度。过剩相θ相,当呈大块分布时降低合金塑性,当呈细小均匀分布时对合金性能影响较小。     

峰时效AA2090及AA8090铝-锂合金晶间腐蚀与剥蚀性能

研究了峰时效AA2090及AA8090 Al-Li合金的晶间腐蚀与剥蚀敏感性．结果表明，AA2090合金峰时效时晶内析出大量T1相．晶内T1相的优先溶解导致晶间腐蚀的电化学动力较低，合金晶间腐蚀程度较弱；而AA8090合金峰时效时由于T2相在晶界呈粗链状析出，其阳极溶解导致严重的晶问腐蚀．由于晶问腐蚀敏感性的差异，AA8090合金的剥蚀敏感性较大，而AA2090合金则出现只呈小薄片状的轻微剥蚀。     

长期时效对GH4586B合金组织及高温拉伸性能的影响

研究了一种新型镍基合金在750℃下长期时效1500 h过程中的组织变化及其对750℃高温拉伸性能的影响。利用扫描电子显微镜对合金长期时效过程中的显微组织和高温拉伸断口进行了观察分析。结果表明:GH4586B合金在时效过程中晶界和晶内均有碳化物析出,晶界析出碳化物的形貌呈弥散的颗粒状,并随时效时间的延长有逐步转变为连续链状的趋势,同时合金内未见有害拓扑密堆(TCP)相析出;合金在750℃高温下拉伸,随着时效时间的延长合金的强度和塑性在500 h时表现为峰值,且随着时效时间的延长略有降低,这与晶界析出碳化物的形貌、分布、数量直接相关;通过750℃高温拉伸断口的形貌分析,合金断裂均具有塑性断裂特征。     

变形态Mg-Nd合金的组织转变和拉伸性能特征

研究不同变形条件对Mg-2.2Nd-0.5Zn-0.5Zr合金室温拉伸性能和组织的影响.经过不同条件的热挤压变形后,该合金的强度和延性都有不同程度的增加,屈强比从0.58提高到0.87左右.固定变形温度时,强度随变形速率增大而降低,延性反之.固定变形速率时,升高变形温度则强度降低,延性增加.弥散于晶界的Mg9Nd化合物细化了晶粒.变形态Mg-Nd合金的高温超塑拉伸研究发现,375℃是该合金的最佳超塑变形温度,应变速率在1×10-2s-1时,延伸率达到329%;当变形速率提高到2×10-2s-1时,该合金的延伸率仍可达到213%.分析不同真应变下的组织发现,在变形初期发生动态再结晶,晶粒得到破碎而变得细小,随着变形程度的增加,晶粒长大程度较小.在变形后的断口形貌中发现,Mg-Nd合金的超塑变形机制为晶界滑移控制下的孔洞连接协调机制.     

Ce对Mg-Li-Al合金组织及力学性能的影响

研究了Ce对Mg-16Li-5Al合金铸态组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,加入Ce后,晶粒细化,随稀土化合物Al2Ce的增加,Mg17Al12、AlLi两相减少;Ce的加入提高了合金的强度和耐热性能,大量Al2Ce的存在,易割裂基体,使强度降低;分布在晶界附近的稀土化合物改变了合金的断裂方式。     

Microcracking in multipass weld metal of alloy 690 Part 2 – Microcracking mechanism in reheated weld metal

Abstract

To elucidate the microcracking (ductility dip cracking) mechanism in the multipass weld metal of alloy 690, the hot ductility of the reheated weld metal was evaluated using three different filler metals with varying contents of impurity elements such as P and S. Hot ductility of the weld metal decreased at temperatures over 1400 K, and the weld metal containing a low quantity of impurity elements showed much higher ductility than that containing a high quantity of impurity elements. Local deformability at high temperature of the alloy 690 reheated weld metal was compared with that of Invar alloy. Grain boundary sliding in alloy 690 occurred not in the intermediate temperature range (800–1000 K), where grain boundary sliding was activated in Invar alloy, but at high temperatures just below the melting temperature of alloy 690. The computer simulation of microsegregation suggested that the deterioration of hot ductility is caused by the grain boundary segregation of impurity elements during the multiple thermal cycling. The ductility dip cracking in the reheated weld metal resulted predominantly from the embrittlement of grain boundaries due to the imbalance between intergranular strength and intragranular strength at high temperature.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties’ modification of friction stir welded Invar 36 alloy joint

A novel approach named large-load and low-speed friction stir welding was developed to joining Invar36 alloy. The stir zone was characterised by a mean grain size of 0.7?μm and high angle boundaries of 90.7%. Abundant twin boundaries were produced in the grains as well. The grain refinement mechanism is attributed to the combination of discontinuous dynamic recrystallisation and microshear-bands-assisted dynamic recrystallisation. A good combination of strength and ductility was achieved. This work provides a new insight for joining face-centred cubic metals or alloys with higher melting points, such as austenite stainless steel and Ni-base alloys.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-8Li-2Zn-0.5(Ce, Y) alloys

0.5 wt.% Ce and Y were added into the alloy of Mg-8Li-2Zn, respectively. The different behaviors of Ce and Y in the alloy were investigated. Results show that, Ce and Y can both refine the α phase, and the α phase was spheroidized. Two kinds of compounds exist in the alloy when the alloy contains Ce/Y. They are Zn₂Ce and Mg₆Y, respectively. Zn₂Ce mainly distributes at the grain boundary of the alloy with the shape of blocky. Mg₆Y mainly distributes in the inner place of grains with the shape of granular. The size of Zn₂Ce is much larger than that of Mg₆Y. Y and Ce are both favorable for the improvement of strength, and the effect of Y is more obvious. The addition of Ce makes the elongation of the alloy become poor, while the addition of Y can increase the elongation of the alloy.     

2090Ce铝锂合金的焊缝热裂纹敏感性及接头力学性能

采用焊缝合金化手段，通过设计新型焊丝向焊缝中添加Ｌｉ、Ｚｒ和Ｃｅ等合金化元素，研究了２０９０Ｃｅ稀土铝锂合金焊缝金属的热裂纹敏感性；探讨了合金元素对接头力学性能的影响及作用规律；进而研究了适用于焊接２０９０Ｃｅ合金的焊丝合金成分。试验结果表明，向焊缝金属中添加适量的合金元素Ｌｉ、Ｚｒ和Ｃｅ，能够细化晶粒；增加焊缝中的共晶数量并改善其分布形态，从而有助于降低焊缝金属的热裂纹敏感性。另外，适量的Ｌｉ、Ｚｒ和Ｃｅ等合金元素还能够在不降低接头塑性的同时，明显改善接头的强度；但Ｌｉ和Ｃｅ含量过多则会对接头性能，特别是塑性造成损害。所设计的焊丝材料能够适用于焊接２０９０Ｃｅ稀土铝锂合金。     

固态回收法制备Mg-Zn-Y-Zr合金的微观组织和力学性能

采用冷压法压实Mg-Zn-Y-Zr合金碎屑,在不同温度和不同挤压比下进行热挤压。结果表明：在低于320℃时挤压,微观组织由大量再结晶晶粒和少量未再结晶晶粒组成,合金具有较高的强度和较低的韧性;当挤压温度升高到360℃时,发生完全再结晶,微观组织由等轴晶组成,合金具有较低的强度和较高的韧性;当挤压温度升高到420℃时,微观组织由粗大的等轴晶组成,导致了合金的力学性能下降;当挤压比从8增加到16时,晶粒明显细化,力学性能显著提高,然而,随着挤压比的进一步增加,屈服强度和极限抗拉强度升高幅度不大。     

电子束快速成形TC18钛合金柱状晶组织的拉伸性能

采用电子束快速成形方法,获得了一种TC18钛合金的柱状晶组织,研究了热处理工艺对该类组织析出相和拉伸性能的影响。结果表明,在740～830℃温度范围内固溶、在550℃时效处理,随着固溶温度的升高,快速成形样品沿柱状晶方向的强度呈上升趋势,塑性呈下降趋势;在830℃固溶处理后,在550～650℃时效温度范围内,随着时效温度的升高,沿柱状晶方向的强度呈下降趋势,而塑性呈上升趋势;拉伸性能随热处理工艺的变化主要取决于热处理过程中产生的二次α相;发现了延性韧窝和沿晶+准解理两种不同类型的断口形貌,并对其形成原因进行了分析。     

High toughness and strength of Mo-12Si-8.5B-ZrB2 alloy resulting from a bimodal α-Mo grain structure

Designing a bimodal α-Mo grain structure in Mo-12Si-8.5B-ZrB₂ alloy was achieved via mechanical alloying followed by hot pressing. This bimodal structure consisted of a major of nano-scaled α-Mo grains and partial micron-scaled α-Mo grains. The effective cooperation of these fine and coarse α-Mo in the Mo-12Si-8.5B-ZrB₂ alloy was very beneficial for improving its toughness as well as strength. The high toughness was mainly attributed to the in-situ toughening and crack trapping effects originating from the coarse α-Mo. While the high strength was owing much to the grain boundary strengthening of the fine α-Mo. When the volume fraction ratio of the fine and coarse α-Mo grains was approximately 6:1, the fracture toughness value reached 13.1 MPa·m^1/2 in the bimodal alloy, showing a 18% increase compared to an ultrafine-grained alloy. Simultaneously, a high compressive strength with 2998 MPa was also maintained.     

等通道转角挤压变形Mg-1.5Mn-0.3Ce镁合金的组织、织构与力学性能

采用等通道转角挤压(ECAP)工艺以Bc路径在623K温度下对Mg-1.5Mn-0.3Ce镁合金进行变形,观察显微组织与织构,测试了力学性能。显微组织分析表明,镁合金经ECAP变形晶粒尺寸明显得到细化,经6道次ECAP变形后晶粒尺寸由原轧制态的约26.1μm细化至约1.2μm,且细小的第二相粒子Mg12Ce弥散分布于晶内及晶界处;同时经ECAP变形后,原始轧制织构随变形道次的增加不断减小,并开始转变为ECAP织构,织构强度不断增强;力学性能结果表明,由于晶粒细化作用大于织构软化作用,前3道次ECAP变形镁合金强度随道次的增加不断提高,与Hall?Petch关系相符,在第3道次时其抗拉强度和屈服强度达到最大值,分别为272.2和263.7MPa;在4道次之后形成较强的非基面织构,镁合金强度下降,与Hall?Petch呈相悖关系。断口分析表明,轧制态与ECAP变形镁合金的断裂方式都是沿晶断裂,由于6道次变形镁合金晶粒细化,存在更多的韧窝并获得16.8%最大室温伸长率。     

多向强应变及时效处理对铝合金的强韧性影响

利用多向锻造及时效处理技术加工变形铝合金,使铝合具有高强度和良好的塑性.研究结果表明,试样组织显著细化且超细的第二相微粒弥散分布,抗拉强度和硬度大幅度增加且塑性良好,抗拉强度和伸长率分别为396.3 MPa和11.08％.锻件强度和硬度大幅度提高是由于组织显著细化且超细的第二相微粒弥散分布;多次累积应变和时效处理改善晶界状态,使锻件的塑性增强.     

铝锂合金强化和韧化的特殊机理

以未再结晶晶粒结构的２０９０＋Ｃｅ铝锂合金板材为对象，从铝锂合金与普通铝合金力学行为的主要差别入手，以揭示经典理论难以解释的现象为目的，重点研究了该合金独有的精细结构与断裂特征的内在联系，以及力学行为对之的响应关系。涉及到室温拉伸行为，疲劳长、短裂纹扩展特性，断裂韧性，光滑疲劳极限     

激光电弧热源复合模式对301L不锈钢焊接接头性能的弱化机制

激光电弧复合焊在传统的激光填丝焊基础上加入了电弧形成复合热源,导致电弧区产生热量积累,造成焊缝晶粒粗大,并弱化了焊接接头的强度和断后伸长率,促使焊接结构的服役安全性能大幅降低. 通过建立三维熔池温度模型及力学性能分析阐明了激光与电弧协同热作用对焊接接头强度和断后伸长率的影响规律. 结合焊缝的晶粒尺寸、晶界取向差分布、织构强度从微观晶体学角度揭示了焊接接头强度和断后伸长率的弱化机制. 结果表明,电弧介入促使复合热源产生热积累,降低熔池温度梯度,强化了晶粒的择优取向生长及织构强度,导致接头各向异性,从而使焊接接头的断后伸长率降低2%. 较低的温度梯度会延长熔池冷却时间,促使晶粒长大和大角度晶界减少,不利于阻碍位错滑移,导致焊接接头平均屈服强度降低35 MPa,极限抗拉强度降低66 MPa. 并且随着焊接电流的升高,熔池高温停留时间延长,接头晶粒及织构强度增大,接头强度和断后伸长率继续降低.