应用LAMP方法检测动物源性食品中沙门菌

目的运用两种方法对动物源性食品中沙门菌进行检测,找出一种更加快速、敏感、特异、简便的检验方法。方法采集60份市售的禽、畜等生肉及60份奶制品,分别采用LAMP方法和国家标准方法GB/T4789.4—2008对沙门菌进行分离与鉴定。结果 120份采集样品中,LAMP方法检出2例,阳性率1.67%;国家标准方法检出1例,阳性率0.83%。LAMP方法的符合率为99.2%,敏感性为100%,特异性为99.2%。结论 LAMP检测法快速、特异、简便,该方法与国标法的阳性率差异无显著性。     

RapidChek SELECT检测食品中沙门菌方法的评价

目的评价Rapid Chek SELECT方法对食品中沙门菌的检测效果并验证。方法用添加并回收沙门菌标准菌株方法验证Rapid Chek SELECT的检测限,添加非沙门菌标准菌株方法测定其特异性,以国标法为参比,通过检测实际样品,对Rapid Chek SELECT方法进行验证。结果 1Rapid Chek SELECT沙门菌检测试纸条的检测限为1 cfu/25 g(或1 cfu/ml);2与10种非沙门菌无交叉反应特异性;3直接检测食品中沙门菌的最低浓度为106cfu/ml;4对实际样品中沙门菌的检测结果显示,Rapid Chek SELECT方法和国标方法阳性率分别为87.5%(35/40)和85%(34/40),两种方法最终检测结果的符合率为97.5%(39/40),Rapid Chek SELECT方法等同于国标方法。结论与国标方法相比,Rapid Chek SELECT沙门菌检测试剂盒灵敏度高、特异性强、操作简便,有效减少非沙门菌的干扰、省时,适用于食品中沙门菌的快速检测。     

实时荧光PCR在食源性致病菌监测中的应用研究

目的 建立沙门菌、志贺菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、大肠埃希菌O157:H7、金黄色葡萄球菌5种致病菌的实时荧光PCR检测方法,并在食源性致病菌监测工作中推广应用.方法 将菌株及样品经培养基增菌后,用热裂解法提取DNA,使用荧光定量PCR反应试剂盒,时该检测方法进行特异性验证,并在2006-2007年间,同时应用实时荧光PCR和传统方法对890份各类实际工作监测标本进行比较分析.结果 实时荧光PCR方法对19株不同种类标准菌株符合率为100%;对用传统方法检测分离到的5种食源性致病菌的符合率分别为:沙门菌96.61%,单核细胞增生李斯特菌92.30%,大肠埃希菌O157:H7、志贺菌、金黄色葡萄球菌均为100%;对890份监测标本检测结果表明,实时荧光PCR法对食品及临床标本中食源性致病菌的检出率略高于传统培养法,差异无统计学意义,而实时荧光PCR法可在3～36 h内时目标样品作出结果判断.结论 实时荧光PCR方法成功应用于食源性致病菌的检测,具有快速、特异和灵敏的特点,可作为食物中毒等突发公共卫生事件处置和重大活动食品安全保障工作的有效技术支撑.     

双重PCR检测生鲜猪肉中大肠杆菌O157∶H7和沙门菌方法的建立与应用

目的建立生鲜猪肉中大肠杆菌和沙门菌的双重PCR检测方法,并初步调查生鲜猪肉中大肠杆菌和沙门菌的污染情况。方法以大肠杆菌O157∶H7 rfb E基因和沙门菌inv A基因为靶基因设计引物。通过对单个基因PCR和多重基因PCR扩增进行特异性、敏感性试验以及优化反应体系,建立快速检测大肠杆菌和沙门菌的双重PCR法。在郑州市不同地区的综合性超市、冷鲜肉专卖店和农贸市场随机抽检144份生鲜猪肉样品,分别进行了PCR检测和常规微生物学检验。结果建立的双重PCR方法特异性好,抗干扰能力强,灵敏度可达到10 pg/μl。在144份样品中检测出大肠杆菌的样品数为10份,检出率为6.94%;检出沙门菌的样品数为13份,检出率为9.03%;大肠杆菌和沙门菌同时检出的有2份,占总样品的1.39%。结论初步建立了同步、简便、快速、灵敏地检测生鲜猪肉中大肠杆菌、沙门菌的双重PCR方法;生鲜猪肉中存在致病菌的污染问题,将威胁到食品安全和人体健康,不容忽视。     

PCR法检测动物源性食品中布氏弓形菌

弓形菌是一种新型食源性致病菌,其中以布氏弓形菌污染率最高。本研究采用扩增23S rRNA的PCR法特异性检测布氏弓形菌,方法灵敏度可达103 CFU/mL。2株布氏弓形菌均特异性地扩增出了长度为2061 bp的条带;嗜低温弓形菌、斯氏弓形菌、空肠弯曲菌等共18株不同种类的菌株均无扩增产物出现,表明此PCR法能特异性的将布氏弓形菌鉴定到种一级水平。比较实验结果表明,API CAMPY鉴定试剂盒对于布氏弓形菌鉴定仅能到弓形菌属一级水平,本PCR法能实现布氏弓形菌种一级水平的鉴定,用于布氏弓形菌的检测具有优势。55份动物源性食品样品用Johnson-Murano肉汤增菌后用PCR法进行检测,其中5份样品为布氏弓形菌阳性,阳性检出率为9.1%。上述实验结果表明,本方法特异性强、操作简便,节省了检测时间,可用于动物源性食品中布氏弓形菌的快速检测。     

能力验证样品分离鉴定沙门菌多种方法探讨

参加编号为ACAS-PT1343 (2022)的能力验证,从人工污染的样品中检出沙门菌并鉴定。对随机人工污染样品22-A419、22-F730进行沙门菌检验。分别采用国标法、全自动酶联荧光免疫系统(Mini VIDAS)和荧光定量PCR技术(Applied Biosystems 7500fast PCR) 3种检测方法对食品中沙门菌进行检测及鉴定。结果表明,编号22-A419和22-F730血清分型均为O (9, 12) H (m),确定为肠炎沙门菌。采用酶联免疫或荧光定量PCR可在国标法7 d基础上缩短为2 d,大幅缩短检测时间,同时特异性、敏感性和准确性也比国标法更好。     

PCR 法检测动物源性食品中布氏弓形菌

弓形菌是一种新型食源性致病菌,其中以布氏弓形菌污染率最高。本研究采用扩增23S rRNA的PCR法特异性检测布氏弓形菌,方法灵敏度可达103 CFU/mL。2株布氏弓形菌均特异性地扩增出了长度为2061 bp的条带;嗜低温弓形菌、斯氏弓形菌、空肠弯曲菌等共18株不同种类的菌株均无扩增产物出现,表明此PCR法能特异性的将布氏弓形菌鉴定到种一级水平。比较实验结果表明,API CAMPY鉴定试剂盒对于布氏弓形菌鉴定仅能到弓形菌属一级水平,本PCR法能实现布氏弓形菌种一级水平的鉴定,用于布氏弓形菌的检测具有优势。55份动物源性食品样品用Johnson-Murano肉汤增菌后用PCR法进行检测,其中5份样品为布氏弓形菌阳性,阳性检出率为9.1%。上述实验结果表明,本方法特异性强、操作简便,节省了检测时间,可用于动物源性食品中布氏弓形菌的快速检测。     

SYBR(R) GreenⅠ实时PCR快速检测沙门菌

为应用SYBR(R) Green Ⅰ实时PCR技术建立沙门菌的快速检测方法,根据沙门菌invA基因序列的特点设计特异性引物,进行SYB(R) Green Ⅰ实时PCR检测.以沙门菌及非同源性参考菌株做特异性检测;沙门菌不同群菌株做重现性检测;将沙门菌菌株稀释成不同梯度,做灵敏度检测.该方法有较好的特异性、重现性,沙门菌属5个群菌株均为阳性,而其它非同源菌株均为阴性.该方法灵敏度较高,检测低限为19 CFU/ml.该方法特异性强,重现性好,敏感性高,可以快速、准确检测食品中沙门菌.应用实时PCR技术,利用SYBR(R) Green Ⅰ染料能选择性结合双链DNA的特点,可检测到沙门菌中inv A基因特异性靶序列扩增所产生的荧光信号,且通过熔解曲线可知其熔点值约为80.4℃,而对其它非沙门菌则检测不到荧光信号.SYBR(R) Green Ⅰ实时PCR能通过熔解曲线有效地区分特异性产物、非特异性产物以及引物二聚体,是基因鉴定检测的新方法.     

食品中沙门菌PCR检测方法的建立

为建立食品中快速检测沙门菌的PCR方法。选取沙门菌属侵袭性抗原保守基因invA基因上的靶序列设计一对引物,选择最适Mg 浓度和退火温度,建立最适PCR反应体系,用2%琼脂糖,5μl反应产物(包括EB),100V,40min进行电泳,显像。用该引物对已经传统方法鉴定的22种77株沙门菌和24种24株非沙门菌进行特异性检测,并对人工污染的食品进行检测条件的研究。Mg 浓度和退火温度对该反应体系的影响较小,稳定性较好;经传统方法鉴定的22种77株沙门菌和24种24株非沙门菌验证了该检验方法具有很好的特异性;该检测方法可以在19h内检出含有沙门菌102CFUg的食品(火腿肠、鸡蛋、散装肉馅)。与传统方法比较,该方法快速、敏感、特异,能在较短的时间内对大量样品同时进行检测,适用于食品中沙门菌的快速、敏感、特异检测。     

环介导等温扩增方法在食品中沙门菌检测的应用和评价

将环介导等温扩增检测方法应用于食品中沙门菌的检验,并在检测方法特异性、灵敏度等方面与实时荧光PCR和传统检测方法进行比较。方法 针对沙门菌属高度保守的fimY基因设计环介导等温扩增检测引物并优化反应体系,在特异性、灵敏度和实际样品检测等方面与实时荧光PCR及传统检测方法比对。结果 本研究建立的LAMP方法检测沙门菌93株和非目标菌31株,具有良好的特异性。在纯培养、无需增菌情况下,其检测灵敏度为6.4×10²cfu/ml,与实时荧光PCR方法相当。食品基质添加试验中,环介导等温扩增方法检测低限为2cfu/25g样品;对45份实际食品样品检测结果表明,该方法实际样品检出率为11.1%,与实时荧光PCR及传统方法检测结果一致。结论 本研究建立的沙门菌环介导等温扩增检测方法具有良好的特异性,检测灵敏度与实时荧光PCR相当,适用于沙门菌的快速筛选。     

The effect of pre-enrichment protocol on the sensitivity and specificity of PCR for detection of naturally contaminated Salmonella in raw poultry compared to conventional culture

Salmonella spp. are the leading cause of foodborne illness worldwide. Conventional culture techniques for the detection of Salmonella spp. are labor intensive and time consuming. Several rapid detection methods have been developed over the past few years. However, standard methods for sample handling and preparation have not been established and limited data are available on the sensitivity and specificity of these methods for detection of Salmonella in naturally contaminated retail meat. Using culture as the gold standard for Salmonella detection in naturally contaminated raw poultry products, the sensitivity and specificity of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection method was determined under varying enrichment protocols. Chicken meat samples (ground, boneless/skinless breast meat, and bone-in breast meat with skin) from retail grocery stores were pre-enriched in buffered peptone water (BPW) and Salmonella specific primers ST 11 and ST 15 were used to amplify a 429 bp region of random fragment target specific to all Salmonella spp. There was a significant decrease (P-value<0.001) in the sensitivity of the PCR test when BPW pre-enrichment alone (85%) was used compared to the sensitivity achieved after both BPW enrichment and selective enrichment with RV and TT-H (100%). PCR failed to detect any positive samples when no pre-enrichment was conducted. A minimum of 12h pre-enrichment was required for detection of Salmonella by PCR at a limit of 100 colony forming unit (cfu)/1 ml of sample. No detectable amplification product was seen in those naturally contaminated meat samples testing negative by culture methods.     

IMS USING IN-HOUSE MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY-COATED MAGNETIC BEADS ASSOCIATED TO PCR ASSAY FOR DETECTION OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM IN RAW MEATS

An immunomagnetic separation (IMS) technique and a PCR assay were developed for use in detection of Salmonella Typhimurium in meat samples. To prevent false-negative results, an internal amplification control was developed. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers specific for an omp gene sequence of Salmonella spp has shown 100% sensitivity and specificity and a detection limit of 10⁴ cfu/mL. The IMS-PCR methods using PCR immediately after IMS and using 6 h postenrichment in brain heart infusion between IMS and PCR resulted in detection limits of 10³ cfu/mL and 1–10 cfu/mL, respectively. The lowest level of S. Typhimurium that could be detected by the IMS-PCR method in the presence of natural microbiota from inoculated meat samples was 1–10 cfu/25 g. When samples were analyzed using enrichment protocols without IMS, several false-negative results were obtained.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

The immunomagnetic separation-polymerase chain reaction (IMS-PCR) method developed enabled a rapid and sensitive detection of Salmonella Typhimurium in inoculated meat samples. Monoclonal antibody (Mab)-coated magnetic beads prepared in-house were efficient in concentrating and separating the bacteria from the food matrix, thus improving detection limit and avoiding false-negatives. The internal amplification control (IAC), now mandatory in PCR assays, using the same primers of the target DNA further prevented false-negative results. Therefore, the IMS-PCR method developed in this study could be used in the future by the Brazilian food industry as a substitute for the expensive imported kits for Salmonella detection in foods. We are now developing a panel of Mabs against conserved antigens of Salmonella for use in the IMS-PCR method in order to extend its applicability for detection of other serovars.     

Sequencing of an internal transcribed spacer region of 16S-23S rRNA gene and designing of PCR primers for the detection of Salmonella spp. in food

DNA sequences of an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region for 40 Salmonella serovars were determined and compared with ITS sequences of Salmonella spp., and non-Salmonella spp. already available on the GenBank database. From such comparison, two Salmonella-specific ITS based PCR primers, ITSF and ITSR, were designed. When Salmonella strains with various serotypes were PCR assayed with primers ITSF/ITSR, all generated PCR products with molecular weight bands equal to 312 bp. On the other hand, 48 non-Salmonella isolates, including strains of Enterobacteriaceae and other food pathogens generated negative results. Detection limits of this PCR method was 1-9 CFU per assay. These PCR primers were used for the detection of Salmonella cells in artificially contaminated foods, including chicken meat and whole milk. The detection limit was 1-9 x 10(3) CFU per assay. With an 8-h enrichment step performed prior to the PCR assay, however, the detection limit became 1-9 CFU per gram of the food sample.     

Multiplex PCR for simultaneous detection of Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in meat samples

A multiplex PCR method was developed for simultaneous detection of Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in meat samples. DNA detection sensitivity for this method was 10(3) CFU/ml for each pathogen. When this protocol was used for the detection of each of the above pathogenic bacteria in spiked pork samples, 1 cell per 25 g of inoculated sample could be detected within 30 h. In the samples of naturally contaminated meat, Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes, and E. coli O157:H7 were detected over the same time period. Excellent agreement was obtained for the results of multiplex PCR and the conventional culture method, which suggests that the multiplex PCR is a reliable and useful method for rapid screening of meat products for Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes, and E. coli O157:H7 contamination.     

Antibiotic resistance of Salmonella spp. from animal sources in Spain in 1996 and 2000

Emergence of resistant and multiresistant bacteria has become an important worldwide sanitary problem. International agencies recommend improving resistance surveillance studies in not only human but also animal origin strains. Because of its ubiquitous characteristics and zoonotic agent consideration, Salmonella spp. can be used as a good indicator microorganism for resistance surveillance studies. Salmonella spp. strains from animal sources isolated in 1996 (107) and 2000 (474) in Spain were tested against 12 different antimicrobials agents, using the disc diffusion method. Results were interpreted following the NCCLS criteria. Data showed that Salmonella spp. strains (61.7% in 1996 and 81.5% in 2000) were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Pig-related strains were considerably more resistant than strains from other sources. Enteritidis serotype was less resistant than other serotypes, except for ampicillin in 1996 (50% resistant) and nalidixic acid in 2000 (65.1% resistant). An emergent monophasic serotype, 4,5,12:i:-, first detected in 1997 in Spain was 100% resistant and 90% multiresistant. Typhimurium serotype was the most common Salmonella serotype from animal sources in both years. It was widely distributed among animals and was among the serotypes with a higher degree of resistance. The ampicillin, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, streptomycin, and tetracycline resistance pattern, commonly associated with Salmonella serotype Typhimurium DT 104, had spread among other Typhimurium phage types and other Salmonella serotypes. Salmonella spp. strains isolated from feeding stuffs were considerably more susceptible than animal source strains, suggesting that the high Salmonella spp. resistance percentage was probably due to the use of antibiotics in animal farms rather than the consumption of contaminated feeding stuffs.     

速冻食品中沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌多重PCR检测方法的建立与应用

为实现速冻食品中沙门氏菌(Salmonella spp.)和金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)的多重聚合酶链式反应(PCR)检测,首先优化多重PCR扩增的反应条件,比较基因组DNA提取方法,结果表明：退火温度采用60℃、各引物浓度200nmol/L及扩增循环35次,本多重PCR检测技术可以有效地将沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌同时检出,检测特异性为100%。3种DNA提取方法中试剂盒法纯度最高,检出限分别是31、26DNA copies/reaction。经过在人工污染致病菌的速冻水饺中应用试验后,该多重PCR方法经过4h的增菌培养即可从速冻水饺中同时检测出起始菌落数低至100CFU/g的沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌。     

Prevalence of Listeria species in food products in Isfahan, Iran

A total of 617 meat and meat products, diary, vegetables and ready to eat food samples were collected. Listeria spp. isolated by using USDA method of isolation and L. monocytogenes identified by biochemical and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The incidence of Listeria spp. was 4.6% in all food samples. L. monocytogenes was found in 1.2% of food samples. It was found that Listeria spp. was present in 6.7% of meat and meat product samples, 1.3% of diary samples, 1.2% of vegetable samples and 12% ready to eat samples. The results presented in this study indicate, the potential risk of eating ready to eat food or raw and undercooked foods.     

多重PCR检测4种常见食源性致病菌

目的 建立一种多重聚合酶链式反应法(multiplex polymerase chain reaction, MPCR)快速检测肉制品中金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌和单增李斯特氏菌的分析方法。方法 选取金黄色葡萄球菌nuc基因、沙门氏菌SipB基因、志贺氏菌ipaH基因、单增李斯特菌inlA基因作为目标基因, 设计4对PCR引物, 建立并优化多重PCR反应体系, 评价该体系的特异性和灵敏度, 并对人工污染的熟肉样品进行检测。结果 构建的多重PCR方法特异性强、灵敏度高, 人工污染熟肉匀浆中4种致病菌的检出限为103 CFU/mL。结论 构建的多重PCR检测方法能够快速、准确、高效地检测肉制品中金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌和单增李斯特氏菌, 为食源性疾病菌的快速检测提供参考依据。     

应用SE-μPADs法检测库尔勒市动物源食品中沙门菌的效果评价

目的:为了快速检测动物性食品中沙门菌的污染。方法:应用国家标准方法和SE-μPADs快速检测方法,对库尔勒市场及屠宰场中的380份样品进行沙门菌检测的评价。结果:国家标准方法中选择性培养基的初筛率为20.00%(76/380),从初筛菌株中分离鉴定出6株沙门菌;SE-μPADs快速检测方法的初筛率为6.58%(25/380),最终分离鉴定出10株沙门菌。SE-μPADs快速检测方法与国家标准方法阳性符合率为100%。库尔勒市场及屠宰场中共检测出10株沙门菌,总检出率为2.63%,而肉样污染率最高,胴体拭子次之,污染率分别达3.66%、3.31%。结论:SE-μPADs快速检测方法的初步应用效果较好,适合推广应用,且库尔勒市应加强对屠宰场及市场上肉品中沙门菌的污染监测。