医学院校大型仪器设备分类及管理的研究与探索

目的:为进一步加强医学院校大型仪器设备管理,提高其使用效益,充分发挥国有资产投资效益。方法:通过对我校200余台价值在30万元以上设备的使用情况进行调研,探索一套适合于医学院校大型仪器设备管理的使用办法。结果:在校级大型仪器设备共享平台的统一管理下,采用分层次、分类型的大型仪器设备管理模式,能更加有效地提高管理效率和使用效益。结论:提高医学院校仪器设备的使用效益,建立仪器设备共享开放平台有非常重要的意义和必要性,而在开放共享体系下的分类管理模式,极大地推动了物力资源的整合,为高校创造更多价值。     

构建医学院校大型仪器设备共享平台的研究

目的：为提高医学院校整体实力,解决大型仪器设备使用效率低下等突出问题,构建院级大型仪器设备共享平台。方法：了解大型仪器设备规模,分析影响其使用率的因素,借鉴国内外大型仪器设备共享平台建设和运行经验,建立适合本院校设备布局和组织机构特点的大型仪器设备共享平台。结果：大型仪器设备共享平台促进了大型仪器设备开放共享使用,使其充分发挥在教学、科研和社会服务中的重要作用。结论：大型仪器设备共享平台的建立可全面推动教学、科研质量与水平稳步提高。     

基于SWOT分析的中医院校大型仪器共享平台建设与管理

目的：通过对中医院校大型仪器平台建设进行可行性分析,实现大型仪器设备共享平台,提供有效服务,促进持续发展。方法：通过SWOT分析法,列举平台建设的内在优势和弱势、外在机会和挑战。结果：使用SWOT战略分析方法,提出大型仪器设备共享平台建设在进攻、调整、防御和生存四种状态识别的相应策略及建议。结论：实现大型仪器设备共享,须基于现实条件,将对外协同研究科研平台作为突破口,采取创新管理模式,争取国家项目支持,逐步筑牢开放、协作共享的战略手段与方法。     

浅谈大型仪器设备公共服务体系的建设

科研仪器设备是发展科学技术的基础,是实现知识创新、技术创新,提高竞争力的重要技术平台。大型贵重仪器设备如果只封闭在一个实验室,或者只服务于某一项工作是远远不够的,建设大型仪器设备公共服务体系的目标是实行仪器设备社会化管理,逐步实行实验室开放管理,优化资源配置,瞄准前沿搭建先进的科技基础条件平台,加强职能部门的宏观管理,最大限度地发挥仪器设备的使用效益。通过协作共用,使一批仪器设备充分利用起来,形成比较完整的科研支撑条件服务体系、管理体制和共享机制。     

在医院局域网上管理医疗仪器说明书

将医疗仪器设备说明书内容电子化并发布到医院局域网上，实现使用科室共享。既可解决管理说明书与使用说明书存在的矛盾，又可以提高管理效率。     

仪器授权管理系统在部级重点实验室的应用

针对部级重点实验室仪器设备日益增多、管理人员不足、仪器设备故障难以追责、管理效率较低等问题,采用了一种新的实验室管理模式即通过使用仪器授权管理系统对实验室的贵重仪器设备、科研经费、使用人员等进行管理.管理人员及用户即使在实验室之外,只要能够上网也可通过计算机浏览器完成管理、预约、登记、使用记录查询等业务操作,使用简单便捷,解决了实验室管理中上述提到的问题,提高了管理效率,为大型实验室的现代管理探索了新的模式,值得推广和应用.     

实验室仪器设备管理模式探讨

以上海市公共卫生临床中心科研中心的实验室管理模式为例,阐述了建立健全实验室管理制度、实施有效的激励措施、搭建共享仪器设备平台在提高实验室仪器设备资源使用效率中起到的显著作用.     

建设开放式服务型仪器"中心实验室"的思考

1开放式服务型仪器“中心实验室”建设的必要性1999年国务院副总理李岚清在科技部《关于推动大型科学仪器资源共享工作情况报告》上批示:“现在重大科研仪器设备重复购置、利用率又不高,造成很大浪费。因此我赞成推动大型仪器设备资源共享,做到资源的合理配置和充分利用。”建设“中心实验室”,能发挥仪器设备的最大使用效益,提高其使用率、完好率,不断实现人才、经费、仪器和技术的协调统一,创造新的共享条件的支撑环境,达到资源共享、整体优化的目的。(1)购置大型仪器设备缺乏稳定的经济来源。实现大型仪器设备集中共用,资源共享,是今后仪…     

海上大型救治平台药材保障信息系统研制

目的：实现海上大型救治平台药材保障的信息共享,提高海上药材的保障效率.方法：利用医疗信息局域网络,应用射频技术、条码技术和接口技术等,研制使用海上大型救治平台药材保障信息系统应用软件.结果：该系统可实现药材保障与伤病员救治、辅助检查等信息共享管理与综合集成.结论：使用大型救治平台药材保障信息系统可充分利用海上的卫生资源配置,并提高药材保障的综合效能.     

高校大型仪器技术服务平台开放、共享能力的探索与实践

目的:旨在充分发挥大型仪器在科研管理和科技覆盖中的作用。方法:对国内外高校和科研机构的大型仪器设备平台的开放共享方式进行了文献调研,并结合北京大学天然药物及仿生药物国家重点实验室大型仪器技术平台开放运转10余年的探索和实践进行分析。结果:虽然现阶段大型仪器技术服务平台的开放共享仍存在诸多问题,但北京大学天然药物及仿生药...     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.     

Assessing occupational and environmental exposure

Exposure assessment is a poorly understood component of the science of epidemiology. The relationship between exposure to chemicals and ill-health outcomes is often calculated using crude exposure measures such as ever/never exposed or duration. When investigating subtle effects, exposures need to be characterized much more fully in terms of intensity, frequency, duration and route. While occupational exposures tend to be much greater than those experienced from the wider environment there is a need to remember that, for many chemicals, exposure can occur occupationally, environmentally and through consumer use of products containing the material of interest. Inhalation exposure has generally been the traditional focus for most epidemiological investigations but there is now growing awareness of the importance of the dermal and ingested routes of contact and internalization. Quantification of the exposure also needs to be related to a biological mechanism of action and exposure metrics need to be selected accordingly. Occupational exposures can generally be measured using simple well-validated techniques. Environmental exposures require much more sensitive instruments and are more difficult to assess. Exposure modelling, particularly for the environmental fate of chemicals has undergone many recent developments and Monte Carlo techniques can be used to characterize model uncertainty and variability. This approach to exposure assessment can now be used in the setting of the wider environment and will enable a far better understanding of the relationship between exposure and disease.     

Mercury toxicity due to the smelting of placer gold recovered by mercury amalgam

A 19-year-old man developed tremor in both hands and fatigue after starting work at a placer gold mine where he was exposed to mercury-gold amalgam. Examination revealed an intention tremor, dysdiadochokinesis and mild rigidity. The 24-h urinary mercury concentration reached a peak of 715 nmol/l (143 ug/l) shortly before the clinical examination, after which he was removed from working in the gold room [Mercury No. Adverse Effect Level: 250 nmol/l (50 ug/l)]. On review 7 weeks later his tremor had almost resolved and the dysdiadochokinesis and rigidity had gone. The 24-h urinary mercury concentration had fallen to 160 nmol/l (32 ug/l). The principal exposure to mercury was considered to be the smelting of retorted gold with previously unrecognized residual mercury in it. The peak air concentration of mercury vapour during gold smelting was 0.533 mg/m3 (Mercury Vapour ACGIH TLV: 0.05 mg/m3 TWA). Several engineering and procedural controls were instituted. This episode occurred at another mine site, unrelated to Mount Isa Mines Limited.     

How Adults with Acquired Brain Damage Perceive Computer Training as a Rehabilitation Tool: A Focus-group Study

The aim of this study was to explore and describe how adult outpatients with acquired brain damage and referred to occupational therapy perceive computer training with the RehaCom programs, in order to evaluate the method of treatment as a tool in the rehabilitation of persons with cognitive disorders. By using focus-group discussions as a qualitative method of research when analysing the result, five themes with corresponding categories emerged, describing a development of understanding and learning about capacities. Themes describing how the participants could apply strategies to overcome shortcomings in daily occupations and the therapeutic role of the occupational therapist were identified as well. The result shows that a computer training program such as RehaCom can be used as an educational tool, for example, to guide a person who is trying to adopt compensatory strategies to avoid overload by taking pauses. It was found that anything the participants learned was also applicable to occupational performance in daily life.