糖尿病肾病血尿酸与血脂、体重指数及肌酐清除率的关系

目的：通过检测2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者血尿酸（SUA）、血脂、体重指数、血肌酐（SCr）等水平,探讨高尿酸血症与相关影响因素及糖尿病肾病发生、发展的关系。方法：根据尿微量白蛋白（mAlb）/肌酐（Cr）水平将110例T2DM患者分为3个亚组,正常白蛋白尿组40例（尿mAlb/Cr〈30μg/mg）、微量白蛋白尿组39例（30μg/mg≤尿mAlb/Cr〈300μg/mg﹚及临床白蛋白尿组31例﹙尿mAlb/Cr≥300μg/mg）,测定SUA、SCr、糖化血红蛋白﹙HbA1c﹚、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、三酰甘油（TG）等指标,计算肌酐清除率（CCr）和体重指数,并与30例对照者（对照组）比较。结果：临床白蛋白尿组SUA水平为（375.6±179.5）μmol/L,显著高于对照组、正常白蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组的（247.9±111.1）、（229.7±104.3）、（235.9±122.8）μmol/L（P〈0.01或P〈0.05﹚,且SUA随mAlb/Cr的增加而增加。SUA与SCr、TG、BMI呈正相关（P〈0.01）,与CCr呈负相关（P〈0.01）;多元线性逐步回归分析显示TG、BMI与SUA呈正相关（P〈0.05）,CCr与SUA呈负相关（P〈0.05）,SCr与SUA无相关性。结论：TG、BMI、CCr是SUA的独立相关因素,CCr与SUA相关性较SCr好,高尿酸血症可能参与了T2DM患者糖尿病肾病的发生、发展过程,应尽早干预治疗。     

高血压微量白蛋白尿与血肌酐和血尿酸的相关性分析

目的：探讨非糖尿病高血压患者微量白蛋白尿与肾功能状况相关性。方法：原发性高血压患者99例,尿常规检查尿蛋白阴性,用微量白蛋白尿试纸条（Micral-testⅡ）测定微量白蛋白尿,0 mg/L和20mg/L为A组,50 mg/L和100 mg/L为B组;分别比较两组之间的年龄、性别、BMI、收缩压、舒张压、血糖、胆固醇、血肌酐、血尿酸等相关因素进行对比分析;对以上变量与尿微量蛋白水平进行Logistic回归分析。结果：两组之间的血肌酐水平分别是（78.98±18.09）μmol/L和（94.84±15.80）μmol/L（P=0.006）;血尿酸水平分别是（308.29±76.87）μmol/L和（378.07±85.01）μmol/L（P=0.006）;回归分析结果微量白蛋白尿水平与血肌酐正相关（P=0.041）,与血尿酸正相关（P=0.001）。结论：在非糖尿病高血压患者中微量白蛋白尿与血肌酐、血尿酸水平正相关;尿的微量白蛋白尿增多预示早期肾脏损害。     

无症状脑梗死与2型糖尿病肾病发生发展的相关性研究

目的 探讨无症状脑梗死(SCI)与2型糖尿病肾病发生发展的相关性.方法 选取2006年1月～2011年1月住院且随访资料完成的2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者327例.根据患者尿白蛋白/肌酐比值(ACR)分为正常蛋白尿组(ACR＜30 mg/g,184例)、微量白蛋白尿组(ACR=30～299 mg/g,143例).经头颅CT或MRI诊断SCI.以正常蛋白尿组患者出现微量白蛋白尿,微量白蛋白尿组患者出现大量白蛋白尿(ACR≥300mg/g)为一级终点.应用Kaplan-Meier法计算一级终点累计发生情况.Cox风险模型分析一级终点发生的独立危险因素 结果 平均随访39个月后,32例正常蛋白尿组患者和39例微量白蛋白尿组患者达到一级终点.并发SCI患者一级终点达到率明显高于未并发SCI患者(P＜0.05).多因素Cox模型分析显示,并发SCI患者到达一级终点的风险比为2.19(P ＜0.05).结论 2型糖尿病患者并发SCI与糖尿病肾病的发生发展关系密切.     

氯沙坦降压疗效及对尿酸和蛋白尿的影响

目的探讨高血压治疗中氯沙坦对血压、蛋白尿和尿酸的影响.方法观察30例高血压患者服用氯沙坦(50mg/d)治疗8周后血压、尿蛋白、血尿酸及肌酐的变化.结果氯沙坦治疗8周后,血压明显下降,从161.66±17.52/97.42±6.70mmHg降至137.33±14.81/87.30±8.53mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa,P＜0.001);尿酸从457.76±108.77μmol/L降至405.91±90.11μmol/L(P＜0.001);蛋白尿从2210.26±1969.8mg/24h降至1895±2447.97mg/24h(P＜0.001);血肌酐变化不显著(P＞0.05).结论氯沙坦对高血压患者具有良好的降压作用,同时兼有降尿酸、降尿蛋白的作用.     

前列地尔联合黄葵胶囊治疗糖尿病肾病22例效果观察

目的:观察前列地尔联合黄葵胶囊治疗糖尿病肾病的效果。方法:选择糖尿病肾病40例患者,随机分为观察组与对照组,两组均给予基础治疗。观察组在基础治疗基础上再予前列地尔联合黄葵胶囊治疗,10天为1个疗程,连续2个疗程。两组治疗前后均检测尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、尿微量白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)、肾小球滤过率(GFR)。结果:(1)经治疗后BUN、Scr、ACR两组比较:观察组为7.5±2.8 mmol/L,72.5±11.6μmol/L,132.6±22.4μg/mg;对照组为9.1±3.5 mmol/L,80.6±14.7μmol/L,169.3±20.3μg/mg观察组均低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)经治疗后观察组GFR为108.4±9.6 mL.min-1.1.73m-2,对照组为98.3±11.5 mL.min-1.1.73m-2,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:前列地尔联合黄葵胶囊治疗糖尿病肾病疗效显著,值得临床推广应用。     

血清NGAL对早期诊断2型糖尿病肾病的临床价值

目的评价血清中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)早期诊断2型糖尿病肾病(DKD)的临床价值。方法实验纳入2型糖尿病(T2DM)病人316例,根据尿白蛋白/肌酐比值(ACR)将病人分为正常白蛋白尿组(ACR30 mg/g)149例、微量白蛋白尿组(30 mg/g≤ACR≤300 mg/g)99例、大量白蛋白尿组(ACR300 mg/g)68例。以270例健康体检者为对照组。测定实验对象的血清NGAL(sNGAL)、血清胱抑素C(CysC)、血清葡萄糖(Glu)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)和尿液白蛋白/肌酐比值(ACR)。使用SPSS 19.0和Med Cal 12.7统计软件进行统计学分析。用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)的曲线下面积(AUC)、灵敏度和特异性表示诊断性能,以最佳优登指数获取判断值。结果正常白蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组、大量白蛋白尿组sNGAL水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且随着ACR的升高,sNGAL逐渐升高;微量白蛋白尿组、大量白蛋白尿组CysC水平高于对照组,eGFR水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);正常白蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组、大量白蛋白尿组HbA1c、Glu水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但在三组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。sNGAL与CysC(r=0.639,P0.001)、ACR(r=0.445,P0.001)和HbA1c(r=0.160,P=0.004)呈正相关,与eGFR(r=-0.639,P0.001)呈负相关。以150.1μg/L为判断值,sNGAL诊断DKD的灵敏度和特异性分别为65.3%和86.6%,AUC=0.792。结论 sNGAL是一个早期诊断DKD的生物标记物。     

银杏叶提取物对糖尿病病人尿微量白蛋白及血小板功能的影响

目的观察银杏叶提取物(Ginkgp Bo;pba Extract,GbE)对2型糖尿病病人血小板聚集功能及微量白蛋白尿的影响.方法对52例2型糖尿病合并微量白蛋白尿病人,26例在常规治疗糖尿病(格列奇特或合用二甲双胍口服)基础上加用GbE70 mg加入生理盐水250ml中静脉滴注14 d;另26例病人单用常规治疗14 d为对照组.2组均于治疗前后检测血小板聚集率、血浆α颗粒膜蛋白-140(GMP-140)、血栓素β2(TXB2)、尿白蛋白的变化.结果GbE组血小板粘附率下降(38±15)%,GMP-140水平下降(8±16)μg/L,TXB2水平下降(124±88)ng/L,尿白蛋白和肌酐的比值下降(8.1±3.9)mg/mmol;而常规治疗组依次为(4±21)%,(0.9±10)μg/L,(1±66)n/L及(14±3.6)mg/mmol;2组组间比较,差别均有非常显著意义(P＜0.01).结论GbE有改善血小板功能、减少糖尿病微量白蛋白尿的作用.     

2型糖尿病肾病患者尿白蛋白/肌酐、血尿酸及C反应蛋白的变化及意义

目的 探讨2型糖尿病肾病患者尿白蛋白/肌酐比值、血尿酸及血清C反应蛋白(CRP)水平的变化及意义.方法 对本院已确诊的120例2型糖尿病患者同时检测尿白蛋白/肌酐比值、血尿酸及血清C反应蛋白(CRP),并同时收集24h尿液进行尿微量白蛋白(MA)测定,按尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)将糖尿病组分三组:B组为正常蛋白尿组(UAER<20μg/min);C组为微量蛋白尿组(UAER 20～200g/min);D组为临床蛋白尿组(UAER>200μg/min).另选我院体检健康者40例作为A组正常对照组.结果 在B组和C组及D组中血尿酸、血清CRP含量高于A组,与A组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),B组尿中mALB/Cr虽高于A组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而C组及D组尿中mALB/Cr高于A组差异有统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 尿中mALB/Cr水平在糖尿病肾功能早期损伤中变化较明显.血尿酸水平对于糖尿病肾病的发展很重要;CRP参与炎症过程与糖尿病肾病的致病,发展过程有关.     

硫辛酸联合胰激肽原酶治疗2型糖尿病早期肾病临床效果分析

目的：观察硫辛酸注射液联合胰激肽原酶治疗2型糖尿病早期肾病的临床效果。方法：80例早期2型糖尿病肾病患者,随机分为对照组和观察组各40例。对照组采取常规治疗,观察组常规治疗基础上加用硫辛酸和胰激肽原酶治疗,疗程2周。比较治疗前后两组患者空腹血糖、尿微量白蛋白、尿白蛋白肌酐比值和胱抑素-C水平。结果：治疗后两组患者空腹血糖、尿微量白蛋白、尿蛋白肌酐比值和胱抑素-C水平均低于治疗前,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;治疗后观察组尿微量白蛋白为96.17±20.97 mg/L,尿蛋白肌酐比值为79.10±15.92 mg/mmol,胱抑素-C为1.03±0.25 mg/L,分别低于对照组的205.28±36.38 mg/L,175.60±32.78 mg/mmol和1.85±0.24 mg/L,差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：硫辛酸联合胰激肽原酶治疗早期2型糖尿病肾病安全有效,值得临床应用。     

微量白蛋白尿与糖尿病视网膜病变的相关性研究

目的 了解尿微量白蛋白测定在预防糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)中的意义.方法 对150例住院的Ⅱ型糖尿病患者(T2DM),根据眼底情况分为正常眼底组(NR),背景型糖尿病视网膜病变组(BDR)和增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变组(PDR);对所有患者均检测尿白蛋白/肌酐比(ACR);根据ACR的值分为正常白蛋白尿组(NA),微量白蛋白尿组(MAU),大量白蛋白尿组(CAU).结果 150例Ⅱ型糖尿病患者中有125倒(83.3％)合并不同程度的DR,且其严重程度与病程呈正相关;ACR在30～300mg/g之间,有90.2％患者发生DR,ACR＞ 300mg/g,DR的发生率为100％.结论 Ⅱ型糖尿病患者DR发生与蛋白尿水平和病程密切相关,尿微量白蛋白可成为预测DR严重程度的指标之一.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.