电力电缆故障低压脉冲自动测距方法

为实现电力电缆故障的自动定位和故障性质的自动判断,介绍了一种基于低压脉冲反射法的电力电缆故障自动定位方法,该方法将故障反射波整形为矩形脉冲,通过设置门槛电压来克服电缆中间接头的反射影响,利用相关函数,对信号进行相关处理,消除其他各种干扰的影响.能自动计算电缆故障距离,自动判断电缆的低阻短路故障和开路故障.此方法在基于虚拟仪器的电缆故障测距仪上进行了软件实现,针对电力电缆进行了实测试验,实测结果验证了该方法的有效性和正确性.     

电力电缆故障低压脉冲自动测距方法

为实现电力电缆故障的自动定位和故障性质的自动判断,介绍了一种基于低压脉冲反射法的电力电缆故障自动定位方法,该方法将故障反射波整形为矩形脉冲,通过设置门槛电压来克服电缆中间接头的反射影响,利用相关函数,对信号进行相关处理,消除其他各种干扰的影响。能自动计算电缆故障距离,自动判断电缆的低阻短路故障和开路故障。此方法在基于虚拟仪器的电缆故障测距仪上进行了软件实现,针对电力电缆进行了实测试验,实测结果验证了该方法的有效性和正确性。     

工频电压下110kV级XLPE电缆绝缘中电树枝生长阶段特性

基于实时显微数字摄像技术和局部放电连续测量相结合的实验方法,研究了不同外施工频电压下110kV级XLPE电缆绝缘中电树枝的结构特征及其生长特性。结合大量实验结果,研究发现在不同外施电压的作用下,电树枝结构呈现出多样性的特点,生长过程及其局部放电具有鲜明的阶段特性,而且每个阶段存在不同生长机理。     

低压配电网三相不平衡负载参数的辨识方法研究

为了解决现阶段计算低压配电网负荷上实际压降、三相负荷不平衡度时忽略三相负荷不平衡与中性线阻抗同时存在的实际情况所引起的求解结果不准确问题,提出一种实时计算负荷实际大小及负荷侧虚拟中性点电压的方法,以此辅助监测低压配电网安全。首先建立与低压配电网等值阻抗网络匹配的高阶微分方程模型,再利用方程系数与等值阻抗参数之间的关系,采用暂态数据辨识模型参数,实时求取三相负荷等值阻抗,中性线阻抗及虚拟中性点电压。仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性和准确性。     

0.1Hz下电缆介损测量技术的进展

运行实践表明,直流耐压试验对交联电缆不但是无效的,而且是有害的,必须寻找新的方法来代替它,目前比较成熟的方法是在0．1Hz下测量电缆的介质损,介绍了这种办法的最新进展。     

我国高压及超高压交联聚乙烯绝缘电力电缆的应用与发展

本文介绍我国 110 k V及 2 2 0 k V交联聚乙烯 (XL PE)绝缘电缆及其附件的发展。高压 XL PE电缆是我国城市电网建设与改造工程采用地下电缆输电系统的首选产品。本文叙述 XL PE电缆的绝缘设计原则、绝缘质量控制要求 ,特别是绝缘中杂质、微孔以及绝缘与半导电屏蔽界面的微孔与凸起、绝缘收缩与交联工艺的关系 ,及电缆附件的选型与预制附件橡胶应力锥的设计方法。介绍了我国特大城市 ,上海、北京与广州高压电缆系统的应用情况。最后对我国 110 k V及 2 2 0 k V XL PE电缆及附件进一步发展以及 5 0 0 k V XL PE电缆系统发展与应用前景作了预测     

50Hz和400Hz低压阻性小电流电弧对AgMeO触头电弧侵蚀的研究

利用电光分析天平、扫描电镜与能谱仪测量与分析了CAgCdO与AgSnO2In2O3触头材料在低压交流50Hz和400Hz、纯阻性、小电流通断试验的表面形貌与组份,探讨了50Hz和400Hz下AgMeO触头材料电弧侵蚀机理.     

400Hz正弦波基准电压信号电路的设计与应用

设计了一种400Hz正弦波基准电压信号发生电路,详细分析了其电路工作原理及一些参数的选择方法。最后介绍了该电路在某航空DC/AC逆变器中的具体应用,并给出了实验结果与波形。     

电力电缆护层电压补偿装置研究

电力电缆线路改造时容易造成换位的电缆三段不等长,从而引起护层电压不平衡,产生护层环流。在对电缆护层电压理论分析的基础上,推导了电缆几种主要排列方式下的护层感应电压数学模型;提出了电缆护层电压的补偿方法。该方法是在电缆终端增加一补偿电感,即在铁芯上绕制线圈,此线圈一端接电缆金属护层末端,另一端接地,基于这一补偿方法开发了补偿装置计算的软件包,并进行仿真计算,在此基础上研制了补偿装置。通过改变该补偿装置的气隙和匝数,可以对电缆护层电压进行有效补偿,使补偿后电缆护层的总电压大为减小,有效地抑制了护层环流,可大幅度降低电缆损耗,提高电缆传输容量。     

自动电压控制系统（AVC）在发电厂的应用

自动电压控制（AVC）是电网安全、优质和经济运行的重要手段，论述了发电厂实施AVC系统的必要性，提出了制定发电厂AVC的具体方案。     

基于电压稳定性对电压无功控制的改进

介绍变电站电压无功控制(VQC)的调节原理。从电压稳定性的角度出发,分析电力系统在扰动情形下VQC对变压器有载调压分接头(OLTC)的控制及对电压稳定的负面影响。结合广域测量系统(WAMS)和宽域网(WAN),对基于计算机监控系统的VQC提出改进方案。     

发电机组无功电压自动调控系统的研究及推广应用

介绍了发电机组无功电压自动调控系统研究思路和特点,并以当前正在做的全国AVC系统技术难度最大的沙角电厂为例,对系统工程应用情况进行了详细说明,最后对系统在某些省网的应用效果以及推广情况也作了简要介绍.     

一种火电机组用电力电子式电压扰动发生器研究

为了准确分析火电机组变频调速系统的高低电压穿越能力,针对市场对电压穿越能力试验设备的需求,提出一种新型电力电子式的电压扰动发生器的设计。采用不可控整流和BOOST升压电路,将不可控整流电路输出的直流电升压到预定电压后输出,再经过逆变器控制输出任意模拟电压故障波形。所提设计可模拟单相、两相及三相电压的暂升和暂降,其持续时间、深度、起止相位和类型均可做到持续调节。实验结果证明：这种新型电压扰动发生器设计安全可靠,能够准确反应电网故障电压类型,可广泛用于火电机组变频调速系统高低电压穿越能力试验研究。     

欧洲新开发的地下、中压架空的电力电缆

1.低压电缆整个欧洲有一种倾向,那就是不使用EPDM绝缘和PVC护套,而使用经过硅烷交联的TPE-O族塑性体,不过要以得到足够的柔软性为条件。在材料从XLPE向热塑聚合物过渡的过程中,应考虑到成本、再利用以及其他因素。因为需要连续的硫化线,其固化更昂贵。还有一个因素是挤出速度慢     

Development of an advanced voltage control technique to improve voltage and reactive power characteristics of a large-scale power cable system

The power supply system for a metropolitan area consists of multiple 275-kV power cable systems to supply power to a large number of consumers. Each system has a large charging capacity (capacitive reactive power). When 275-kV power cable systems experience a voltage drop, their charging capacity decreases. However, the reactive power losses increase in the 275-kV overhead transmission lines, which supply large power to power cable systems, thus causing the performance of the power supply system to deteriorate. In this paper, the following three points are reported:

• 1 When the secondary power system of the trunk substation is a large-scale power cable system, new techniques can greatly improve the voltage and reactive power characteristics by controlling the rise of the sending-end voltage at the secondary side of the trunk substations and maintaining the voltage of power cable systems at a constant level.
• 2 In the use of this control technique, it has been demonstrated that controlling by the direct-detecting method of a voltage drop in the primary power system is superior to one that controls by the indirect-detecting method, which increases load power in the cable system.
• 3 The results of simulations obtained by using a 275-kV cable system model and a performance power system model show that the use of this control technique can produce a good effect despite the allowances made for the opposite effect, i.e., a decrease in the capacity of power capacitors resulting from voltage drop at the tertiary voltage of a 500-kV transformer.

This study is carried out to examine the possibility of lightning control using a photoionized plasma produced by a UV laser without an optical air breakdown. As the fundamental experiment, the characteristics of a laser-triggered spark gap (LTSG) are examined, where a laser beam is not irradiated on the surface of the electrodes. In this experiment, the KrF excimer laser is very effective in increasing the plasma density n_e and the reduction ratio p of 50 percent breakdown voltage against the self-breakdown voltage. The relation between n_e and p is increased by generating a long and high-density plasma parallel to the discharge axis. On the other hand, the abnormal discharge process in triggered lightning using a rocket is examined, and it is indicated that the most important condition to trigger a lightning discharge is the production of a plasma channel of length 200 m and density about 10¹⁹ m^?3. It is suggested that such a plasma channel could be produced by a KrF excimer laser with an energy of only about 3.67 J.     

高压XLPE电缆绝缘多参数在线监测

建立了在交流电压作用下高压交联聚乙烯(XLPE)电缆绝缘的参数模型,并分析了电缆绝缘劣化时绝缘参数的外在表现.提出通过监测XLPE电缆的工作绝缘电阻、等值电容、介质损耗因数及各参数的变化趋势来综合评定电缆的绝缘状况.并分析了该方法的有效性及合理性.设计了高压XLPE电缆在线监测装置.在数据处理方面,采用基于LM(Levenberg-Marquardt)算法的非线性最小二乘拟合法对采样信号进行拟合,将信号进行快速傅里叶变换得到的谐波分析结果作为LM算法的迭代初值,并利用拟合结果计算出电缆绝缘的被监测参数.仿真分析表明,该算法收敛速度快、精度高,能很好地抑制电网频率波动、直流分量以及谐波含量对被监测参数的影响.     

Electrical treeing characteristics in XLPE power cable insulation in frequency range between 20 and 500 Hz

Electrical treeing is one of the main reasons for long term degradation of polymeric materials used in high voltage ac applications. In this paper we report on an investigation of electrical tree growth characteristics in XLPE samples from a commercial XLPE power cable. Electrical trees have been grown over a frequency range from 20 Hz to 500 Hz and images of trees were taken using CCD camera without interrupting the application of voltage. The fractal dimension of electric tree is obtained using a simple box-counting technique. Contrary to our expectation it has been found that the fractal dimension prior to the breakdown shows no significant change when frequency of the applied voltage increases. Instead, the frequency accelerates tree growth rate and reduces the time to breakdown. A new approach for investigating the frequency effect on trees has been devised. In addition to looking into the fractal analysis of tree as a whole, regions of growth are being sectioned to reveal differences in terms of growth rate, accumulated damage and fractal dimension.     

中压电缆网接地故障的电弧建模及仿真研究

在中压电缆网络中,很容易发生单相接地故障,其中电弧接地故障所占比例较高,且其过程复杂,难以模拟。为此提出了新型小电流方式电弧模型。研究了现有的经简化的电弧模型,并用Matlab对现有模型进行仿真分析。在此基础上,以小电流接地方式的中压电缆网络为背景条件,对电弧模型的参数进行改进,得出电弧模型的电压电流特性,用Matlab对改进后的电弧模型进行验证。与实际情况的物理量进行比较,证明所得改进电弧模型的可应用性。仿真结果证实所提出模型能更合理地贴近于真实故障情况,为下一步电缆网络故障分析的研究奠定了重要技术基础。     

自动电压控制下的地区电网电压无功运行状态评估指标体系

为从电压无功协调控制角度评估地区电网的电压无功运行状态,并量化造成运行状态不佳的原因,针对采用自动电压控制的地区电网,提出了一套电压无功运行状态评估指标体系。该指标体系以电网实际量测值为基础数据,基于地区电网的电压无功考核标准和控制策略,构建出三类评估指标:区域电源母线电压合格程度及其不合格原因评估指标、区域关口无功合格程度及其不合格原因评估指标、区域负荷无功平衡程度及其不平衡原因评估指标。通过对广东汕头地区电网的电压无功运行状态进行评估,验证了所提指标的正确性和有效性。所得结果可为地区电网运行参数设置、控制策略优化和无功补偿设备配置提供建议。     

Development and application of automatic frequency and power control systems for large power units

We describe the results of work carried out at ZAO Interavtomatika on the development and putting into use of a system for automatically controlling the frequency and power output of large power units involving the retrofitting of the turbine’s hydraulic automatic control system. Certificates affirming conformity to the Standard of the System Operator — Centralized Dispatching Administration (SO-CDA) have been received for eight power units as an outcome of these efforts.