Multi-elemental composition and physical properties of honey samples from Malaysia

The elemental profiles of six honey samples from Malaysia had been constructed using the data obtained from both ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Potassium and sodium were the most abundant minerals covering from 69.3-78.6% and 14.1-28.7%, respectively. The ratio of potassium to sodium was more than one. Even though the minerals and trace elements composition varied dependent on the type of honey samples, there was no statistically significant difference between the analysed honey samples, namely tualang, gelam, acacia and a few forest honeys based on two-factor ANOVA and cluster analysis. The total element content of honey samples were strongly correlated with the electrical conductivity, but only have moderate correlation with the ash content and honey colour based on the regression analysis. PCA result on the available elemental data from worldwide honeys, including honey samples from Malaysia revealed that potassium and sodium were the mineral markers to distinguish honey origin. Both tualang and gelam honey samples from Malaysia have close mineral profile with sesame honeys from Egypt and multifloral honeys from India, whereas forest honeys Malaysia were near to avocado honeys from Spain and multifloral honeys from India.     

Determination of proximate composition,fatty acid content and amino acid profile of five lesser‐common sea organisms from the Mediterranean Sea

Proximate composition, fatty acid and amino acid analysis of an echinoderm (Paracentrotus lividus), a crustacean (Penaeus kerathurus), a tunicate (Microcosmus sulcatus), and two gastropod molluscs (Littorina littorea and Patella coerulea) were determined. All organisms except M. sulcatus, were found to be good protein sources. P. lividus contained on average 15.1 g/100 g, P. kerathurus 15.6 g/100 g, L. littorea 8.3 g/100 g and P. coerulea 9.2 g/100 g protein. The crustacean contained high percentages of n‐3 fatty acids (28.3 g/100 g fatty acids), the tunicate high percentages of saturated fatty acids (62.2 g/100 g fatty acids) while the gastropod molluscs and the echinoderm had a balanced content of all fatty acid families. The most abundant amino acid in P. kerathurus, M. sulcatus, L. littorea and P. coerulea was glutamic acid (11.13 ± 0.9, 1.05 ± 0.3, 5.39 ± 0.3, 5.55 ± 0.8 g/100 g freeze‐dried sample respectively), while glycine was the most abundant amino acid in P. lividus (10.34 ± 1.0 g/100g freeze‐dried sample).     

Proximate composition,mineral and amino acid content of mature Canavalia gladiata seeds

The chemical composition and the nutritional quality of protein and carbohydrates of mature seeds of Canavalia gladiata (L.) were investigated. The whole and cotyledon flour of mature seeds contained; crude protein 26.8 and 29.2%; fat 2.8 and 3.1%; fibre 33.2 and 10.2%; ash 3.9 and 4.3%; carbohydrate 33.3 and 53.2% on dry matter basis respectively. The carbohydrate fractions have starch contents of 30.7 and 39.6% and 27.7 and 34.6 mg g⁻¹ low molecular weight carbohydrates on dry matter basis. The energy content of whole seed and cotyledon flour was 11,082 and 14,923 kJ kg⁻¹. Sucrose represents the highest fraction of low molecular weight carbohydrates with fructose being the lowest. The mineral analysis showed K, Mg, Ca, P and S to be present in high quantities. The essential amino acid profile compared well with FAO/WHO recommended pattern except for sulphur containing amino acids, cysteine and methionine. Therefore the chemical composition of the raw mature seeds of Canavalia gladiata (kernel) indicates the bean to be a good supplement to cereal-based diets.     

Fatty acid composition and CLA content in goat milk and cheese samples from Umbrian market

Goat dairy products are considered as a suitable alternative to cow milk products for some special categories of consumers (infants, old, and convalescent people). In the present research, a study on the lipid fraction of commercial goat milk and cheese samples purchased from Umbrian market was carried out. Particular attention has been paid to evaluating conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content and determining some interesting nutritional indexes. The results of goat milk samples showed that saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid contents were on average 71.2, 23.4, and 3.8 %, respectively. CLA content (cis-9, trans-11 isomer) was on average 11.5 mg/100 g in milk. Considerable variability was observed for n6/n3 ratio that varied from 2.7 to 10.6 in the considered goat milk samples. With regard to goat cheese samples CLA concentration was on average 118.8 mg/100 g in fresh cheese and 217.7 mg/100 g in semi-hard cheese, and the difference was not significant. Interestingly, α-linolenic acid content was higher and n6/n3 ratio was lower in semi-hard with respect to fresh cheese samples (p < 0.05).     

微波溶样技术在氨基酸分析中的应用初探

建立微波溶样测定氨基酸的方法，缩短氨基酸分析时间，以便快速检测大量样品。通过正交试验设计选择微波溶样的最佳条件是700W，20min，150℃；与常规方法相比，二者标准偏差分别为-3．27％和1．02％。结果显示：微波的功率、温度、时间对测定结果皆有显著性影响。常规方法得出的结果更为可靠，但微波检测在可接受的偏差范围之内大大缩短了分析时间，也不失为快速分析氨基酸的一个好方法。     

竹节人参中氨基酸含量及组成分析

以竹节人参根为原料,采用氨基酸自动分析仪对样品各种氨基酸的含量进行检测,并对其组成进行比较与分析：结果表明,竹节人参中总氨基酸含量较高,各种人体必需氮基酸种类齐全,且凡比例均衡。在各种人体必需氨基酸中,第一限制氨基酸为蛋氨酸＋胱氨酸。     

酸奶中游离氨基酸含量及乳清蛋白组成分析

用反相高效液相色谱法（RP-HPLC）测定了5种原味发酵型酸奶中游离氨基酸含量，并用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙稀酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）分析了酸奶乳清蛋白组成。结果表明：被测酸奶中乳清蛋白含量的范围在5.66-10．45g／L，其主要成分为α-乳清蛋白、β-乳球蛋白及少量酪蛋白。用HPLC在酸奶中检测到17种氨基酸，总游离氨基酸质量浓度范围285．90-1116．21mg／L，其中4个品牌酸奶中精氨酸（她）质量浓度最高，1个品牌酸奶中天冬氨酸（Asp）质量浓度最高。     

Chemical composition,amino acid content and protein quality of Canavalia spp. seeds

Canavalia ensiformis is a grain legume that offers good possibilities for its use, but reports on its chemical composition and nutritive quality are not readily available. This study presents chemical and nutritional data on C. ensiformis, C. gladiata and C. maritima grains. The three species varied in protein content mainly because of differences in crude fibre content. Protein varied from 26.9 to 22.4%, and crude fibre varied from 8.5 to 17.3%. This was due to differences in seed-coat percentage. The amino acid content in C. ensiformis and C. gladiata was essentially the same, and both were deficient in sulphur-containing amino acids but rich in lysine. Pressure cooking and roasting reduced lysine levels. Mineral content in the three species was essentially the same, with high potassium levels as is the case with most food legumes. Feeding trials indicated low nutritional quality for the raw grain, which was significantly improved by pressure cooking and roasting. Protein digestibility was 47.9%, and cooked and roasted samples had 76.4 and 78.7%, respectively. Both C. ensiformis and C. gladiata had the same protein quality (PER = 1.24), and it was significantly improved with methionine supplementation.     

Dynamics of indigenous yeast populations during spontaneous fermentation of wines from Mendoza, Argentina

Fermentation of wine is a complex microbial reaction, which involves the sequential development of various species of yeasts and lactic acid bacteria. Of these, yeasts are the main group responsible for alcoholic fermentation. The aim of this work was to study, under industrial conditions, the evolution of yeast populations and to describe the individual evolution of the most important yeasts during three spontaneous fermentations of Malbec musts from Argentina. This work shows the significant participation of non-Saccharomyces yeasts during spontaneous fermentation of musts, with the ubiquitous presence of three main species: Kloeckera apiculata, Candida stellata and Metschnikowia pulcherrima.     

广西海鸭蛋中氨基酸的含量及组成分析

目的 研究广西区内海鸭蛋氨基酸含量及其组成分析广西海鸭蛋的品质。方法 采用盐酸水解法处理18组海鸭蛋样品,通过日立氨基酸自动分析仪测定16种氨基酸总含量,分析海鸭蛋各氨基酸的含量及其组成。结果 18份海鸭蛋样品中氨基酸的测定结果表明,广西海鸭蛋中氨基酸总量在11.99 g/100 g~13.79 g/100 g范围,各氨基酸占氨基酸总量的比值相近,其中谷氨酸的含量最高, 约占氨基酸总量的13%, 组氨酸含量最低,约占氨基酸总量的2%,其他氨基酸的含量均在3%~9%的范围内。结论 广西海鸭蛋氨基酸总含量有差异,但氨基酸组成较稳定,各氨基酸占氨基酸总量的比值相近,谷氨酸的含量最高,组氨酸含量最低。人体必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的百分比（E/T）为47.25%,人体必需氨基酸含量与9种非必须氨基酸含量的比值（E/N ）为0.89,符合1973年FAO/WHO提出的理想模式,说明海鸭蛋中氨基酸都属于优质蛋白质,具有很好的营养价值。     

Changes in nitrogen content and amino acid composition of navel oranges during ripening

Nitrogen content and composition of amino acids in juice and rind of navel oranges were studied. The compared varieties were ‘Navelina’ ‘Washington Navel’ and ‘Navelate’, early, mid-season and late types, respectively. Total N content in juice increased during the season with values from about 60 to near 100 mg 100 ml^?1 in Navelina and ‘Washington Navel’ and from 60 to about 80 mg 100 ml^?l in ‘Navelate’; amino N increased from 30 to 60 mg 100 ml^?lapproximately in the three varieties. The total N content in rind was quite similar in all cases, with values that decreased with time from 1 to around 0·6 g 100 g^?l dry weight (DW), 50–60% corresponding to the protein N. The main free amino acids in juice and rind at different maturity stages are tabulated. Proline represents at maturity around 50% of the total free amino acids in rind, with values near to 1·5 mmol 100 ml^?l in juice and over 5·0 mmol 100 g^?1 DW in rind. Total protein amino acids in rind decreased during maturation, reaching final values of about 20 mmol 100 g^?1 DW. Differences in composition among the three studied varieties are discussed.     

新疆驼乳中所含蛋白质和氨基酸的质量分数测定

通过用凯氏定氮法和高效液相色谱法测定了新疆驼乳中蛋白质和氨基酸含量。结果表明,新疆驼乳中蛋白质质量分数为4．45％,其中乳清蛋白占1．25％,大约是牛乳乳清蛋白质量分数的两倍;并含有18种氨基酸,其中8种必需氨基酸质量分数占总氨基酸质量分数的40．70％,药效氨基酸占总氨基酸质量分数的63．95％。     

热处理方式对南美白对虾虾青素含量、氨基酸组成及脂肪酸组成的影响

热处理是南美白对虾的重要加工手段,本文通过研究蒸制和煮制对南美白对虾含水量、虾青素含量、氨基酸组成及脂肪酸组成的影响,探索不同的热处理方式对南美白对虾营养成分的影响。结果表明:蒸制和煮制均导致南美白对虾含水量降低;蒸制较煮制的南美白对虾具有更高的虾青素含量,蒸制6 min时虾青素含量最高,达58.00μg/g;蒸制和煮制后总氨基酸含量均明显提高(p<0.05),蒸制样品中的苏氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、蛋氨酸等必需氨基酸含量均高于煮制样品;蒸制和煮制后单不饱和脂肪酸含量降低,而多不饱和脂肪酸含量则分别由鲜虾的33.32%增加到煮制样品的35.13%和蒸制样品的35.02%。因此,蒸制是南美白对虾的一种良好的热处理方式。      

不同产地黑木耳中氨基酸含量的测定及主成分分析

摘 要： 目的 评价黑龙江、吉林、四川3个产地25批次黑木耳的氨基酸成分,为黑木耳的开发利用提供参考依据。方法 参照 GB 5009.124-—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中氨基酸的测定》,利用氨基酸自动分析仪测定黑木耳中氨基酸含量,通过主成分分析进行数据处理。结果 不同产地黑木耳中均含有常见的 17 种氨基酸,总氨基酸含量在7.02~9.45 g/100 g 之间,必需氨基酸占总氨基酸比例为36.2%～38.0%。不同产地间氨基酸种类无差异,但含量差异较大,各产地均以谷氨酸和天门冬氨酸含量为最高,平均含量分别为1.06 g/100g和0.99 g/100g,分别占总氨基酸含量的12.59%和11.64%。通过主成分分析提取了2个主成分,累计方差贡献率达87.196%,能较好地反映氨基酸的综合信息。依据各主成分得分值与方差贡献率建立综合评价模型,3个产地黑木耳的氨基酸种类齐全且含量较高,含量差异较大,综合评价排在前5位的产地均为黑龙江,其中最高得分为4.36,并且显著高于其他产地黑木耳。结论 通过主成分分析法可用于区分不同产地黑木耳氨基酸的成分差异,可以为黑木耳中的氨基酸评价及资源的开发提供理论基础。     

若羌红枣中蛋白质和氨基酸含量的测定

通过用凯氏定氮仪和高效液相仪测定了若羌红枣中蛋白质及氨基酸含量,结果表明若羌红枣中蛋白质含量为2.67%且含有18种氨基酸。     

Estimating intramuscular fat content and fatty acid composition in live and post-mortem samples in pigs

Repeated muscle sampling (n = 732) on 216 pigs was performed to evaluate the effect of live sampling and sample size on intramuscular fat (IMF) content and fatty acid (FA) composition. The sampling scheme consisted of 1–3 biopsies of longissimus dorsi (LM), a small and a big post-mortem sample of LM, and a big post-mortem sample of gluteus medius (GM). IMF was determined by quantitative gas chromatography after direct transesterification. Data on LM were jointly analyzed using a mixed model on age with heterogeneous residual variances across sampling methods. Biopsies overestimated IMF and polyunsaturated FA content and underestimated monounsaturated FA content with decreasing sample size. Potential for bias and not sampling variance is the major limitation of using live samples for assessing changes in IMF with age. Small post-mortem samples of LM were as informative as big samples of GM for inferring IMF content but not IMF composition.     

蚕蛹蛋白精制及其氨基酸成分分析

以缫丝后蚕蛹为原料,对蚕蛹蛋白进行提取工艺优化,并测定提取后蚕蛹蛋白的氨基酸含量及分子量分布。实验结果表明蚕蛹蛋白提取最佳工艺为:固液比1∶3、提取次数3次、pH3.0,此工艺下蛋白提取率为53.0%;通过氨基酸分析发现提取前后蚕蛹蛋白氨基酸组成未发现明显变化,说明该提取方法并不会造成蚕蛹蛋白氨基酸组成的改变,并且该提取方法制得的蚕蛹蛋白不仅氨基酸种类丰富且各氨基酸配比合理,分子量分布范围从500～100000u,可进一步应用于制药、食品及化妆品等领域。      

苎麻籽油脂肪酸组成及其粕氨基酸组成分析

用气相色谱法对苎麻籽油脂肪酸组成进行了分析,同时用氨基酸全自动分析仪对苎麻粕进行分析,为苎麻籽的开发利用提供基础数据。结果表明,苎麻籽油中不饱和脂肪酸含量90%以上,多不饱和脂肪酸含量79%以上,亚油酸含量尤为丰富,达77.40%~78.84%;苎麻粕含17种氨基酸,总含量为209.02~278.46 mg/g,其中7种必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的32.06%~33.17%。     

氨基酸分析仪检测婴幼儿奶粉中牛磺酸含量

目的建立一种氨基酸分析仪测定婴幼儿奶粉中牛磺酸含量的分析方法。方法样品经0.01mol/L盐酸溶液溶解并用106 g/L亚铁氰化钾溶液和219 g/L乙酸锌沉淀蛋白质后10000 r/min离心10 min取出,精密取上清液置20mL量瓶中,用上样溶液(pH2.2)定容后,采用氨基酸分析仪钠系统进行程序洗脱,LCA K06/Na色谱柱进行分离,茚三酮溶液衍生显色,在570nm波长下测得牛磺酸色谱峰,用外标法峰面积定量,保留时间定性。结果牛磺酸在5.544～110.880μg/mL浓度范围内有良好的线性关系(r=1.0000),回收率为101.47%,相对标准偏差为1.6%(n=9)。结论该方法简单、便捷、准确性高,适合于婴幼儿奶粉中牛磺酸的定量分析。