水解法制备石榴皮鞣花酸工艺研究

建立了以60%乙醇超声提取石榴皮粉末,粗提物经石油醚萃取除去脂溶性物质,乙酸乙酯萃取,萃取物用酸水解法水解制备鞣花酸的方法。采用超高效液相色谱-质谱法（UPLC-MS）确定了乙酸乙酯萃取部位的主要成分为粟木鞣花素、安石榴苷、石榴亭A、鞣料云石素、石榴亭B、鞣花酸,并鉴定酸水解产物为鞣花酸。采用毛细管电泳法（CE）监测了乙酸乙酯萃取物的酸水解历程,结果表明,随着水解时间的增加,乙酸乙酯萃取物的电泳峰不断减少,而水不溶物鞣花酸的质量不断增加。正交实验考察了水解时间、水解温度、酸浓度对鞣花酸得率的影响,最优水解条件为:水解时间6h、温度100℃、硫酸浓度1.0mol/L,鞣花酸得率达32.7%。      

鞣花酸和石榴皮多酚提取物抗氧化活性的比较

对鞣花酸提取物(EA)和石榴皮多酚提取物(PE)的抗氧化活性进行比较研究。通过HPLC法检测EA和PE中鞣花酸的含量,Folin-酚法检测PE中总多酚含量;采用H2O2处理HepG2细胞建立细胞氧化应激损伤模型,MTT法比较不同浓度的EA和PE对HepG2细胞氧化应激损伤的保护作用;采用DPPH法、·OH清除法检测PE和EA体外抗氧化作用。结果表明:与EA相比,PE中鞣花酸含量很低,但PE和EA均以剂量依赖的方式提高氧化损伤的HepG2细胞生存率,有显著的保护作用,且在同一的浓度下,PE的保护作用显著高于EA。PE和EA对DPPH法、·OH清除法的清除率均呈剂量依赖性增强。     

高温高压条件制备石榴皮鞣花酸的试验研究

目的:探索制备石榴皮鞣花酸新方法。方法:以高压蒸汽灭菌器为反应装置,分别研究了水解温度(压强)、水解时间和硫酸浓度(v/v)对鞣花酸得率的影响,并对工艺参数进行优化。结果:在最佳工艺条件:水解温度(压强)115℃(169 k Pa)、水解时间2 h、硫酸浓度6%(v/v)时,鞣花酸得率最高达3.09%,与常压相比得率提高了25.10%。结论:高温高压条件下水解石榴皮单宁制备鞣花酸效率较高,为生产工艺的改进提供了技术依据。      

响应面法优化从石榴皮制备鞣花酸的工艺研究

以石榴皮为原料,采用响应面法研究鞣花酸酸化工艺条件。以多酚提取物转化率为指标,考察硫酸浓度、酸化时间、酸化温度对鞣花酸得率的影响。在单因素实验的基础上,通过Box-Benhnken中心组合设计和响应面分析法,确定石榴皮鞣花酸的酸化工艺条件。结果表明,优化的鞣花酸酸化工艺为:硫酸浓度为0.83mol/L、酸化时间5h、酸化温度105℃,石榴皮多酚提取物转化率为86.38%,用无水甲醇热回流萃取4次,得到鞣花酸样品。建立了石榴皮酸化制备鞣花酸的二次多项数学模型,对石榴皮鞣花酸的制备工艺具有较好的预测作用。      

Pomegranate peel phenolics: Microencapsulation,storage stability and potential ingredient for functional food development

In this study, we investigated the effects of microencapsulation conditions on product quality of pomegranate peel phenolics. Our results indicate an optimum air inlet temperature of 160 °C and 1/1 (w/w) or 1/3 (w/w) for phenolics/maltodextrin ratio. No differences were observed amongst the maltodextrins used for coatings. There were also no statistically significant differences in phenolic content of microcapsules for the storage periods of 90 days at 4 °C (p > 0.05). We also evaluated the resultant microencapsulated phenolics for enrichment of the functional properties of regular ice cream used as model food in our studies. Addition of pomegranate peel phenolics at 0.5 and 1.0% (w/w) showed significant improvement of the antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the enriched ice creams compared with control sample. Antioxidant activity as EC₅₀ and α-glucosidase inhibitory as IC₅₀ of 1.0% phenolic enriched ice creams were 133.3 and 22.9 μg/mL, respectively. More than 75% of the panellists accepted the phenolic enriched ice creams in sensory evaluation, which lends supports to such products for commercial introduction to the general public with the potential as functional foods.     

Storage stability of sterilized liquid extracts from pomegranate peel

Pomegranate marc, a byproduct of commercial juice production, has shown promise as a starting material for the recovery of health promoting phenolic compounds. The stability of aqueous extracts prepared from pomegranate marc was evaluated in preparation to directly using these extracts as nutraceuticals or food additives. The liquid extracts were produced under extraction conditions of 25 °C, water to peel ratio of 50 : 1 (w/w) for 2 min, and then sterilized at 121 °C for 10 s. Storage conditions tested included 3 different pH values (3.5, 5.0, and 7.0) and 2 packaging methods (no light and exposure to light). The extracts were evaluated for industrial (pH, total soluble solid content, and clarity), color, spectral, and antioxidant characteristics over a period of 180 d. The results showed that both pH value and packaging method significantly influenced the industrial and color characteristics of the extracts. The high pH had a negative effect on spectral and antioxidant characteristics. Therefore, the recommended storage conditions are low pH and with dark packaging to maintain the high storage stability. After 180 d of storage, extracts stored at low pH (3.5) in dark packaging still retained 67% and 58% of their total soluble phenolic concentration and antioxidant activity, compared with 61% and 43% for high pH (7.0) samples, and were composed of high concentrations of punicalagins A and B, gallic, and ellagic acids. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The present research developed an effective recovery of phenolic compounds from pomegranate marc to be used as nutraceuticals or food additives. The aqueous extract product has good quality characteristics with high industrial and color stability, and total phenolic content and antioxidant activity, when stored at pH 3.5 in dark packaging for up to 180 d. The evaluation results of storage stability reported here are important for commercialization.     

不同条件对蓝莓皮渣花色苷稳定性的影响

研究了蓝莓皮渣花色苷在不同加工与贮藏条件下其含量的变化。结果表明,温度、光照及氧气均显著影响着蓝莓皮渣花色苷的稳定性。40~80℃蓝莓皮渣花色苷热降解反应符合一级反应动力学,降解自由能为1.50×10~4k J/mol,100℃时降解反应则符合二级反应动力学;与自然光照射相比,避光更有益蓝莓皮渣花色苷的稳定性;花色苷在有氧条件下易分解,其降解反应符合一级反应动力学。     

石榴皮原花青素的微波提取工艺及其稳定性研究

采用微波法提取野生石榴皮中的原花青素,同时考察光照、温度、金属离子、PH及食品添加剂对原花青素稳定性的影响。通过单因素试验和正交试验得出微波提取石榴皮原花青素的最佳工艺条件为：乙醇浓度80％、料液比1：50、提取温度65℃、微波功率500W、提取时间120s、提取2次,原花青素的得率为2．62％。稳定性研究表明,光照条件下色素稳定性较差;高温对色素有降解作用,60℃以下稳定性良好;pH值为5时色素稳定性好;金属离子Cu^2＋和Al^3＋对原花青素的稳定性影响显著;苯甲酸对原花青素稳定性影响显著。     

Chemical and microbiological stability and sensorial properties of traditional Iranian butter incorporated with pomegranate peel extract

In this study, the antioxidant activity of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) and its potential effect on the chemical and microbiological stability of traditional butter was investigated. The PPE having total phenol content of 327.48 ± 1.43 mg gallic acid equivalent/g showed significantly greater (64.34 ± 0.32%) radical scavenging activity than butylated hydroxy toluene. Butter treated with PPE had significantly lower levels of peroxide value, free fatty acids, Totox, Schaal value and microbial population. The work concluded that PPE could be an excellent natural source of antimicrobial and antioxidant substances, which can be used for traditional butter preservation.     

泰和乌骨鸡黑色素光谱性质及其稳定性研究

为明确泰和乌骨鸡黑色素作为天然黑色素开发的可行性和利用紫外-可见光谱、红外光谱和分光光度法对酶法提取的黑色素进行光谱性质和稳定性研究.通过酶法从泰和乌骨鸡中提取黑色素,经过有机溶剂洗涤、反复碱溶酸沉获得精制黑色素,最后得率为0.18%(以湿原料计).溶解性和光谱性质分析表明,泰和乌骨鸡黑色素与典型的黑色素相似.黑色素具有良好的耐热性和光稳定性;氧化剂对黑色素稳定性的影响较大,但还原剂对其稳定性基本无影响;Cu2 和Mg2 对黑色素的稳定性有一定影响,但影响都不大,Zn2 、Ca2 、Na 、Ap 、Fe3 均无明显影响;蔗糖对黑色素的稳定性有一定影响,而葡萄糖、抗坏血酸、柠檬酸和淀粉对黑色素的稳定性影响都不大.泰和乌骨鸡黑色素具有较为稳定的理化特性,有望开发成为一种具有保健功能的天然黑色素.     

Extraction of polyphenols and antioxidants from pomegranate peel using ultrasound: influence of temperature,frequency and operation mode

The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of temperature (40–70 °C), frequency (37 and 80 kHz) and ultrasonic operation mode (normal, pulse and sweep), and their interactions on the recovery of phenolic compounds and antioxidants present in pomegranate peel using ultrasound-assisted extraction. The content of individual phenolic compounds, total phenolic compounds (TPC), antioxidant capacity (AC) and total extract yield (X₀) were analysed. Significant effects were observed between some sources of variation in recovery of individual compounds at TPC and X₀, and no significant effect was observed for AC. The process and conditions studied shown to be interesting to extract antioxidants, since a high antioxidant capacity was verified in the extracts. Temperatures around 50–60 °C, using 37 kHz frequency, and normal or pulse modes were the conditions that provided better yields of phenolic compounds and X₀. Regarding AC, the best condition observed was at 70 °C, 80 kHz frequency and continuous mode.     

石榴皮多酚超高压提取物的纯化、分离及功能性研究

为探明超高压提取石榴皮多酚的组分和功能特性,研究了石榴皮多酚超高压提取物的大孔树脂纯化和有机溶剂分级萃取,并对提取物、纯化物和分级产物的体外抗氧化活性和抑菌性能进行了测定。结果表明:大孔树脂纯化物的总酚含量高达77.40%,且抗氧化活性和抑菌性能均有显著提高;HPLC测定结果显示,大孔树脂纯化未改变多酚种类;有机溶剂分级萃取法能有效地将纯化物进一步分离,其中正丁醇相的萃取得率达到55.28%;不同萃取相产物的总酚含量大小顺序为:正丁醇相>乙酸乙酯相>水相,它们的抗氧化活性强弱顺序为:乙酸乙酯相>正丁醇相>水相;正丁醇相产物的抑菌活性最高,显著高于水相和乙酸乙酯相。