Intermittent versus indwelling urinary catheterisation in hip surgery patients: A randomised controlled trial with cost-effectiveness analysis

Background

Hip surgery is associated with the risk of postoperative urinary retention. To avoid urinary retention hip surgery patients undergo urinary catheterisation. Urinary catheterisation, however, is associated with increased risk for urinary tract infection (UTI). At present, there is limited evidence for whether intermittent or indwelling urinary catheterisation is the preferred choice for short-term bladder drainage in patients undergoing hip surgery.

Objectives

The aim of the study was to investigate differences between intermittent and indwelling urinary catheterisation in hip surgery patients in relation to nosocomial UTI and cost-effectiveness.

Design

Randomised controlled trial with cost-effectiveness analysis.

Setting

The study was carried out at an orthopaedic department at a Swedish University Hospital.

Methods

One hundred and seventy hip surgery patients (patients with fractures or with osteoarthritis) were randomly allocated to either intermittent or indwelling urinary catheterisation. Data collection took place at four time points: during stay in hospital, at discharge and at 4 weeks and 4 months after discharge.

Results

Eighteen patients contracted nosocomial UTIs, 8 in the intermittent catheterisation group and 10 in the indwelling catheterisation group (absolute difference 2.4%, 95% CI −6.9–11.6%) The patients in the intermittent catheterisation group were more often catheterised (p < 0.001) and required more bladder scans (p < 0.001) but regained normal bladder function sooner than the patients in the indwelling catheterisation group (p < 0.001). Fourteen percent of the patients in the intermittent group did not need any catheterisation. Cost-effectiveness was similar between the indwelling and intermittent urinary catheterisation methods.

Conclusions

Both indwelling and intermittent methods could be appropriate in clinical practice. Both methods have advantages and disadvantages but by not using routine indwelling catheterisation, unnecessary catheterisations might be avoided in this patient group.     

脑卒中后尿失禁住院患者排尿情况及膀胱管理分析

目的:了解脑卒中后尿失禁患者的一般情况及膀胱管理现状。方法:采用便利抽样的方法,对广州市10家医院的723例脑卒中住院患者进行问卷调查,调查内容包括一般人口统计学资料、卒中情况、既往史、膀胱管理情况等。结果:723例调查对象中,尿失禁患者共有321例,脑卒中后尿失禁总发生率为44.4%。其中脑卒中急性期尿失禁发生率为34.6%,恢复期发生率为50.9%,后遗症期发生率为54.5%。67.9%的尿失禁患者每天有数次漏尿,48.6%的尿失禁患者因受各种因素影响未进行膀胱再训练。结论:脑卒中后尿失禁患者的膀胱管理仍需进一步加强与完善,医护人员应重视此类患者并取得其本人及家属的配合,尽早开展膀胱训练,使患者的身心健康得到最大程度的恢复。     

脊髓损伤神经源性膀胱患者尿路感染相关危险因素的回顾性研究

目的:明确脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱患者尿路感染的相关危险因素.方法:对本院康复科收治的67例脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱患者进行回顾性研究,采集患者的性别、年龄、脊髓损伤原因及损伤平面、神经源性膀胱病程、排尿方式、膀胱容量与压力等.结果:神经源性膀胱患者尿路感染发生率为64.2％.单因素卡方检验分析结果表明患者年龄、性别、脊髓...     

A programme to audit the use of urinary catheters

• ? This paper describes the development of a tool to audit the use of urinary catheters on surgical wards; the overall objectives being a reduction in the inappropriate use of urinary catheters, and in the number of urinary tract infections.
• ? The literature is reviewed to determine the criteria necessary to audit urinary catheters effectively. The implementation of an audit of urinary catheters on one surgical ward over 6 weeks showed that 27 catheters were used. All catheters passed in the ward were of the appropriate size, balloon and lumen. Significant bacteriuria was found in 5/18 (28%) of catheters in situ for 3 days. All three catheters which remained in situ longer than 10 days had significant bacteriuria. The results were favourable; this was possibly due to the patient population and the individual reasons for catheterizations.
• ? The need for the results of audit tools such as this to be interpreted on a ward-to-ward basis, and not to compare wards with each other is highlighted. This audit tool could be used by other surgical wards.

     

Inguinoscrotal hernia containing the urinary bladder successfully repaired using laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair technique: A case report

We report herein a patient with an inguinoscrotal hernia containing the urinary bladder. The hernia was safely repaired using the laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair technique. A 76‐year‐old man was admitted to our hospital with abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. His scrotum was swollen to fist size. Abdominal CT showed herniation of the sigmoid colon and the bladder into the right inguinal region, and his abdominal pain was attributed to incarceration of the sigmoid colon; this was manually reduced. About 1 month later, we performed transabdominal preperitoneal repair. After the direct hernial orifice was identified, the bladder was noted to be sliding from the medial side of the hernia; this was reduced. Peeling on the medial side was carried out to the middle of the abdominal wall, and the myopectineal orifice was covered with mesh. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 1.     

改良经闭孔无张力尿道中段悬吊带术联合经尿道膀胱颈内切术治疗女性压力性尿失禁合并膀胱颈梗阻的效果

目的分析改良经闭孔无张力尿道中段悬吊带术(TVT-O)联合经尿道膀胱颈内切术治疗女性压力性尿失禁合并膀胱颈梗阻的效果。方法将我院2015年3月至2020年3月收治的70例女性压力性尿失禁合并膀胱颈梗阻患者依照随机数字表法分为对照组(35例)与研究组(35例)。对照组给予传统TVT-O联合传统膀胱颈内切开术,研究组行改良TVT-O联合经尿道膀胱颈内切术治疗。比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果研究组手术时间、尿管留置时间、住院时间均短于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组的并发症总发生率低于对照组,治疗总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论压力性尿失禁合并膀胱颈梗阻患者采用改良TVT-O联合经尿道膀胱颈内切术的效果确切,值得临床推广应用。     

Mobile health technologies for the management of urinary incontinence: A systematic review of online stores in Brazil

BackgroundUrinary incontinence (UI) is a serious condition for which often times insufficient non-surgical treatment options are provided or sought. Mobile health (mHealth) applications (apps) offer potential to assist with the self-management of UI.ObjectiveTo perform a systematic review of available mHealth apps for UI in Brazil.MethodsA search for UI mHealth apps from the Google Play Store and AppStore in Brazil was performed by two independent reviewers on June 4 2020, and the quality of eligible mHealth apps was assessed using the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS).ResultsOf the 1111 mHealth apps found, 12 were eligible for inclusion. Four offered exclusively exercise programs, six offered exercise and educational content, and two offered tools to track patient-reported symptoms. The included apps scored poorly on the MARS quality scale, with a mean ± standard deviation score of 2.7 ± 0.6 on a 0–5 scale. Most apps scored poorly based on credibility, user interface and experience, and engagement.ConclusionAlthough there is growing interest in the development of mHealth technologies to support patients with UI, currently available tools in Brazil are of poor quality and limited functionality. Effective collaboration between industry and research is needed to develop new user-centered mHealth apps that can empower patients with UI.     

A feasibility study of urinary catheter removal protocol following transurethral prostatectomy procedure in older patients

We hypothesized that older patients who underwent a urinary catheter removal protocol would not have an increased risk of postoperative complications. We further hypothesized that the revised protocol would be more suitable for clinical application. This study aimed to develop a urinary catheter removal protocol after Transurethral Resection of the Prostate and to assess the feasibility of the protocol to support catheter removal and promote recovery of self-voiding function. Delayed catheter removal after Transurethral Resection of the Prostate was associated with urinary tract infection and longer hospital stays. However, no strategy has been described to promote recovery of self-voiding function after catheter removal after Transurethral Resection of the Prostate. The urinary catheter removal protocol was developed through expert consensus, including strategies for caring for urinary catheters, assessment of urinary catheter removal, and strategies after urinary catheter removal. Moreover, a quasi-experimental design was adopted in the urology ward of a tertiary care medical centre in southern Taiwan. Patients aged ≥65 years who underwent Transurethral Resection of the Prostate were included. A total of 13 patients (intervention = 5; control = 8) were included in the feasibility evaluation. A urinary catheter removal protocol after Transurethral Resection of the Prostate was developed and the consensus among experts on the urinary catheter removal protocol was 99%. There were no significant differences in terms of bleeding, urine retention, urinary tract infection, or re-catheterization between the two groups. However, in the intervention group, the pain score decreased significantly on the second day after Transurethral Resection of the Prostate. This revised urinary catheter removal protocol after Transurethral Resection of the Prostate may be suitable for clinical applications. However, small size reduces the statistical power of the findings and further studies are needed to examine the current protocol does not have an increased risk of postoperative complications.     

孕妇压力性尿失禁症状体验的质性研究

目的:探讨孕妇压力性尿失禁（SUI）的症状体验,为加强SUI防控并制定标准化症状管理策略提供依据。方法:采用目的抽样法,选取2018年7月—2019年11月在南方医科大学南方医院产科门诊常规产检的SUI孕妇11名作为研究对象。对孕妇进行半结构访谈,采用质性研究中的扎根理论分析资料。结果:通过分析提炼出4个主题,分别为认...     

Interventions to minimise the initial use of indwelling urinary catheters in acute care: A systematic review

Background

Indwelling urinary catheters (IUC) are the primary cause of urinary tract infection in acute care. Current research aimed at reducing the use of IUCs in acute care has focused on the prompt removal of catheters already placed. This paper evaluates attempts to minimise the initial placement of IUCs.

Objectives

To evaluate systematically the evidence of the effectiveness of interventions to minimise the initial placement of IUCs in adults in acute care.

Design

Studies incorporating an intervention to reduce the initial placement of IUCs in an acute care environment in patients aged 18 and over that reported on the incidence of IUC placement were included in the review. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist has been used as a tool to guide the structure of the review.

Data sources

MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, National Health Service Centre for Review and Dissemination and Cochrane Library.

Review methods

A systematic review to identify and synthesise research reporting on the impact on interventions to minimise the use of IUCs in acute care published up to July 2011.

Results

2689 studies were scanned for eligibility. Only eight studies were found that reported any change (increase or decrease) in the level of initial placement of IUCs as a result of an intervention in acute care. Of the eight, six had an uncontrolled before–after design. Seven demonstrated a reduction in the initial use of IUCs post-intervention. There was insufficient evidence to support or rule out the effectiveness of interventions due to the small number of studies, limitations in study design and variation in clinical environments. Notably, each study listed the indications considered to be acceptable uses of an IUC and there was substantial variation between the lists of indications.

Conclusions

More work is needed to establish when the initial placement of an IUC is appropriate in order to better understand when IUCs are overused and inform the development of methodologically robust research on the potential of interventions to minimise the initial placement of IUCs.     

腺性膀胱炎与膀胱移行细胞癌关系的形态学观察

报道４８例腺性膀胱炎，显微镜下分为４种类型：（１）移行上皮型，（２）肠上皮型，（３）前列腺上皮型，（４）移行一前列腺上皮混合型。其中２０例（４１．６７％）先、后或同时发现有膀胱移行细胞癌。作者认为，腺性膀胱炎常见于慢性炎症性病灶和肿瘤组织的周围，故慢性炎症和肿瘤的刺激可能是腺性膀胱炎产生的重要原因。文章强调，在诊断腺性膀胱炎时，要进一步排除膀胱移行细胞癌的可能性。     

RT-PCR检测尿液中细胞角蛋白20 mRNA与尿细胞学检查对膀胱癌诊断的荟萃分析

目的用荟萃(Meta)分析评价逆转录PCR(RT-PCR)技术检测尿液中细胞角蛋白(cytokeratin,CK)20 mRNA和尿细胞学检查对膀胱癌的诊断意义。方法检索Pub Med、Web of Science、The Cochrane Library(2014年第1期)、EMbase、CNKI、VIP、CBM数据库,查找关于用RT-PCR检测尿液中CK20 mRNA与尿细胞学检查诊断膀胱癌的研究。根据QUADAS质量评价标准评价纳入文献质量,用Meta-Disc 1.4软件进行荟萃分析。结果最终纳入11篇研究文献,涉及研究对象共1 631例。Meta分析结果显示,RT-PCR检测尿液中CK20 mRNA和尿细胞学检查诊断膀胱癌的敏感性、特异性、阳性似然比、阴性似然比汇总及95%CI分别是0.80(0.78,0.83)vs 0.53(0.49,0.56)、0.93(0.91,0.95)vs 0.90(0.88,0.93)、12.46(5.22,29.75)vs 6.04(3.37,10.84)、0.22(0.18,0.28)vs 0.51(0.42,0.63)。RT-PCR检测CK20 mRNA和尿细胞学检查诊断膀胱癌的敏感性随肿瘤分级、分期的升高而增高。两种检测方法的SROC曲线下面积分别是0.872 6和0.795 4,Q*指数分别是0.803 0和0.731 9。结论 RT-PCR检测尿液中CK20 mRNA诊断膀胱癌的敏感性高于尿细胞学检查,更适于膀胱癌的诊断。     

Relationship between catheter care and catheter-associated urinary tract infection at Japanese general hospitals: a prospective observational study

BACKGROUND: The risk factors for catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) that are associated with catheter care have not been examined in detail by prospective studies or randomised clinical trials. OBJECTIVES: To examine the patterns of catheter care and to identify the CAUTI risk factors associated with catheter care. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. METHODS: Between January and December 2004, 555 adult patients who were catheterised for 3 days in five general hospitals in Japan were surveyed. One researcher collected the following data twice a week: catheter insertion method, catheter management, and signs and symptoms of urinary tract infections. The relative risk exceeding 1 by the Poisson regression were selected for Cox proportional hazard analysis in order to calculate adjusted risks. In addition, expected reductions in the incidence of CAUTIs by elimination of the risk factors were estimated using the population attributable risk percent. RESULTS: The mean duration of catheterisation was 25 days. The overall incidence of CAUTIs was 3.9 cases per 1000-device days; the incidence of CAUTIs ranged from 0.6 to 7.2 cases per 1000-device days among the five hospitals. Only fecal incontinent patients were analysed since they accounted for 94% of the CAUTI cases. In the univariate analysis, the silver-alloy catheter, which contains antimicrobial property, emerged as a potential risk. Since silver-alloy catheters were used in only one hospital, silver-alloy catheter care was compared with that of the other types of catheter, and a significantly higher percentage of inappropriate care was observed. In the final Cox model, two variables remained: 'non-pre-connected closed system (standard system)' (RR 2.35, 95%CI 1.20-4.60, p = 0.013) and 'no daily cleansing of the perineal area' (RR 2.49, 95%CI 1.32-4.69, p = 0.005). The population attributable risk percent suggested that the use of a 'pre-connected closed system' and 'daily cleansing of the perineal area' could reduce the incidence of CAUTIs by nearly 50%. CONCLUSIONS: Our investigation identified fecal incontinence as the major risk factor for CAUTIs in the study population. However, attributable risk percent indicates that the implementation of two basic elements of catheter care could reduce CAUTIs by nearly 50%. The hospital using silver-alloy catheters had the highest CAUTI rates, strongly suggesting the hazards of relying on the antimicrobial property of silver and the resultant laxity in care.     

A pilot study of self-monitoring urine flow in people with long-term urinary catheters

Self-monitoring of urine flow may be beneficial in preventing catheter-related problems. An intervention was pilot tested using a single group design with 11 individuals over 6 months. Feasibility of the intervention, performance of new measures (awareness, self-monitoring, and self- management of urine flow), and health outcomes were assessed. The intervention was well received by participants, none of whom withdrew voluntarily from the study. All data were collected at intake, and bimonthly at 2, 4, and 6 months. Nine of 11 participants reported that the intervention had helped them to pay attention to fluid intake. Episodes of UTI decreased over the course of the intervention, with the greatest drop between 2 and 4 months.     

Novel tubular constructs for urinary diversion: a biocompatibility study in pigs

The use of bowel tissue for urinary diversion can be associated with severe complications, and regenerative medicine may circumvent this by providing an engineered conduit. In this study, a novel tubular construct was identified for this purpose. Three constructs (diameter 15 mm) were prepared from type I collagen and either (a) a semi‐biodegradable Vypro II polymer (COL–Vypro), (b) a rapidly biodegradable Vicryl polymer (COL–Vicryl) or (c) an additional collagenous layer (COL–DUAL). After freezing, lyophilization and crosslinking, all constructs showed a porous structure with a two‐fold higher strength for the polymer‐containing constructs. These constructs were connected to full bladder defects of 11 female pigs and evaluated after 1 (n = 4) or 3 months (n = 5). With respect to surgical handling, the polymer‐containing constructs were superior. All pigs voided normally without leakage and the survival rate was 82%. For the implanted COL–Vypro constructs (8/9), stone formation was observed. COL–DUAL and COL–Vicryl showed better biocompatibility and only small remnants were found 1 month post‐implantation. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis showed the best regeneration for COL–Vicryl with respect to urothelium; muscle pedicles and elastin formation were best developed in the COL–Vicryl constructs. In this study, COL–Vicryl constructs were superior in both biocompatibility and bladder tissue regeneration and have high potential for artificial urinary diversions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.