水牛HSD17B1基因启动子荧光素酶报告基因载体构建与分析

试验旨在筛选水牛HSD17B1基因启动子活性区域及影响因素,并预测其转录结合因子,为探究该基因在水牛繁殖性能中的调控机理提供理论依据。以水牛血液基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增得到3个HSD17B1基因启动子活性区域序列,并定向克隆至pGL3-promoter载体;将重组质粒转染到水牛卵泡颗粒细胞,通过双荧光素酶检测系统测定相对荧光素酶活性,并探究其与促黄体素（luteinizing hormone,LH）和促卵泡素（follicle stimulating hormone,FSH）的关系;利用生物信息学方法对HSD17B1基因启动子区进行转录结合因子预测。结果显示,本试验成功克隆了3个不同长度的HSD17B1基因启动子片段,并成功构建了双荧光素酶报告载体。经不同长度启动子片段的活性检测发现,pGL-pro-HSD17B1-1500活性最强,证实－866/－1 500 bp为HSD17B1基因核心启动子区域,表明该区域对HSD17B1基因转录调控有重要作用。荧光素酶活性检测结果显示,添加LH可增强HSD17B1基因启动子活性。生物信息学分析发现,HSD17B1基因启动子区存在6个转录因子结合位点：Sp1（－2 327/－2 317 bp）、HOXA4（－2 162/－2 146 bp）、Sp1（－1 409/－1 395 bp）、Sp1（－1 391/－1 380 bp）、Sp1（－1 345/－1 319 bp）和GATA1（－812/－801 bp）,但无CpG岛,有1个TATA-box和2个CAAT-box。本研究成功构建了HSD17B1基因启动子荧光素酶报告载体,确定了HSD17B1基因启动子核心区域,并证明LH可增强启动子活性。     

水牛HSD17B1基因克隆分析及其真核表达载体构建

为了阐明水牛17β-羟类固醇脱氢酶1 (17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1,HSD17B1)基因对水牛繁殖性能的影响,本试验采用了3'-RACE克隆获得HSD17B1基因,并对其核苷酸序列和蛋白质序列进行了生物信息学分析,通过构建其真核表达载体并转染293T细胞验证所构建载体的准确性。结果表明,水牛HSD17B1基因编码区长954 bp,3'-UTR区长58 bp,编码317个氨基酸。BLAST分析显示水牛HSD17B1核苷酸序列与牛、绵羊、猪、马、犬、非洲象和人的相似性分别为100%、100%、92%、94%、87%、87%和87%,系统进化树分析结果表明,HSD17B1基因在不同物种及进化的过程中具有高度保守性。蛋白质分析结果表明HSD17B1蛋白呈弱酸性,无信号肽,亚定位于细胞质,存在type1_17beta-HSD-like_SDR_c、PRK05993、LPOR和FabG等结构域。试验成功构建了水牛HSD17B1基因真核表达载体pEGFPN1-HSD17B1,转染293T后,产生较强的绿色荧光信号,表明能够形成HSD17B1-EGFP融合蛋白。水牛HSD17B1基因的克隆及其真核表达载体的成功构建,为今后阐明HSD17B1基因在水牛卵泡及胚胎发生过程中的作用及分子机制奠定了理论基础。     

Cloning and Construction of Eukaryotic Expression Vector of Buffalo HSD17B1 Gene

In order to clarify the effect of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (HSD17B1) gene on the reproductive performance of buffalo,in this study,buffalo HSD17B1 gene was cloned by 3'-RACE,analyzed by bioinformatics,and studied with eukaryotic vector construction and cell transfection technology.The results showed that the coding region of buffalo HSD17B1 was 954 bp,3'-UTR was 58 bp,encoded 317 amino acids.The buffalo HSD17B1 gene shared 100%,100%,92%,94%,87%,87% and 87% of similar nucleotide sequence with that of Bos taurus,Ovis aries,Sus scrofa,Equusca ballus,Canis lupus,Loxodonta africana and Homo sapiens,respectively.Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that HSD17B1 gene was highly conserved in different species and evolution.HSD17B1 protein was weakly acidic,without signal peptide,located inthe cytoplasmic,and with the presence of type1_17beta-HSD-like_SDR_c,PRK05993,LPOR and FabG domains.The buffalo HSD17B1 eukaryotic expression vector was successfully constructed,after transfected into 293T cell lines,HSD17B1-EGFP fusion protein was detectable.In a word,the success cloning and construction of eukaryotic expression vector of buffalo HSD17B1 gene,provided an important reference for surveying the regulation mechanism of HSD17B1 gene during buffalo folliculogenesis and embryogenesis.     

HSD17B12基因对湖羊垂体细胞促性腺激素合成的影响

旨在探索湖羊垂体中17β-羟类固醇脱氢酶12(HSD17B12)基因对垂体激素分泌的影响.本研究挑选体重相近(40 kg左右)且健康的性成熟湖羊公羊(9月龄)3只,采集垂体组织进行HSD17B12基因CDS区扩增及蛋白同源性分析,确定其CDS区序列.利用免疫组化分析HSD17B12在性成熟雄性湖羊垂体中的表达定位.体外...     

猪HSD11B1和MyoG基因多态性与妊娠期长短的关系

选择HSD11B1和MyoG2个基因作为影响妊娠期长短的候选基因。在7个中外猪群体中采用PCR-RFLP技术研究了HSD11B1和MyoG2个基因多态性与妊娠期长短的关系。HSD11B1基因的PCR-Bsh1236Ⅰ-RFLP分析结果表明：清平猪、新清平猪母系、大白猪、长白猪、杜洛克猪、中国瘦肉猪新品系DIV1和DIV2系猪群中A等位基因的频率分别为0.538、0.752、0.522、0.941、1.000、0.889和0.594;除DIV2外,HSD11B1不同基因型与妊娠期长短无显著关系（P〉0.05）。MyoG基因的PCR-MspⅠ-RFLP分析结果表明：清平猪、新清平猪母系、大白猪、长白猪、杜洛克猪、中国瘦肉猪新品系DIV1和DIV2系猪群中M等位基因的频率分别为1.000、0.534、0.370、0.115、0.094、0.382和0.243;清平猪中只存在MM基因型,其他群体中3种基因型皆有分布;新清平猪母系MM比NN基因型母猪妊娠期要短,且在经产长白猪中差异极显著（P〈0.01）。     

Raf‐ERK1/2 signalling pathways mediate steroid hormone synthesis in bovine ovarian granulosa cells

Steroid hormones are required for normal reproductive function of female. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Raf‐ERK1/2 on steroid hormone synthesis in bovine ovarian granulosa cells. Immunohistochemistry assay showed that both B‐Raf and C‐Raf were expressed in granulosa cells, theca cells and Sertoli cells. The protein expression of Raf or ERK1/2 was clearly decreased by Raf inhibitor GSK2118436 or ERK1/2 inhibitor SCH772984, respectively (p < 0.05). In addition, western blotting was performed for investigating the crosstalk between Raf and ERK1/2, the data showed that Raf positively regulated ERK1/2, whereas ERK1/2 had a negative feedback effect on Raf. The biosynthesis of oestradiol or testosterone was significantly decreased by treatment with GSK2118436 or SCH772984 (p < 0.05). Conversely, the progesterone biosynthesis was clearly increased by treatment with those inhibitors (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the mRNA expression of STAR, aromatase and CYP17 was blocked by Raf‐ERK1/2 signalling inhibition, which oppositely induced the mRNA expression of CYP11. Together, these findings suggested that Raf‐ERK1/2 signalling pathways mediate steroid hormone synthesis via affecting the expression of steroidogenic enzymes.     

干扰HSD17B4基因对水牛乳腺上皮细胞乳脂和酪蛋白的影响

通过将小干扰-17β-羟基固醇脱氢酶Ⅳ（si-HSD17B4）基因转染水牛乳腺上皮细胞,检测酪蛋白、甘油三酯含量及脂肪酸相关基因的表达变化,从而揭示干扰HSD17B4基因对水牛乳腺上皮细胞中乳脂和酪蛋白的影响。采用实时荧光定量PCR检测HSD17B4 mRNA在水牛各个组织中的相对表达量。合成3条水牛HSD17B4小干扰RNA （siRNA）和1条对照si-HSD17B4-nc （si-nc）,并筛选干扰效果最佳的片段和时间。si-HSD17B4转染水牛乳腺上皮细胞后,通过酪蛋白试剂盒检测酪蛋白的表达情况,通过甘油三酯测定和油红O染色检测甘油三酯含量,通过实时荧光定量PCR检测干扰HSD17B4基因对甘油三酯、脂肪酸合成以及氧化相关基因表达的影响。结果表明,HSD17B4基因在水牛心脏和卵巢中相对高表达,且显著高于其他组织（P<0.05）。3条HSD17B4 siRNA片段均能有效地抑制HSD17B4基因的表达,其中si-HSD17B4-1干扰效果最佳,HSD17B4 mRNA表达量极显著低于对照组（P<0.01）;最佳干扰时间为24 h。酪蛋白检测结果显示,干扰HSD17B4基因对水牛乳腺上皮细胞中酪蛋白合成无影响。甘油三酯测定结果显示,干扰HSD17B4基因后细胞中甘油三酯含量上升,差异显著（P<0.05）。油红O染色结果显示,干扰HSD17B4基因后细胞中的脂滴明显增多。实时荧光定量PCR检测结果显示,干扰HSD17B4基因会使FABP3、ACSL1、DGAT1、DGAT2、PLIN2、BTN1A1基因表达量上调,分别上调9.28（P<0.01）、1.36（P<0.05）、1.17（P<0.05）、1.83（P<0.01）、1.60（P<0.01）和2.17（P<0.01）倍;同时使PPARA、SREBP1C、SCD、ACSS2、ACACA、AGPAT6、LPIN1、XDH、ABCD1、ACOX2、EHHADH、SCP2基因表达量下降,分别下调至50.55%（P>0.05）、61.15%（P<0.01）、84.91%（P<0.01）、89.34%（P<0.01）、21.88%（P<0.01）、86.48%（P<0.01）、25.35%（P<0.01）、27.24%（P<0.01）、41.74%（P<0.01）、22.17%（P<0.01）、62.70%（P<0.01）和70.33%（P<0.01）。结果表明,HSD17B4基因在水牛组织中广泛表达;si-HSD17B4高效抑制HSD17B4基因在水牛乳腺上皮细胞中的表达,未检测到干扰HSD17B4基因对乳腺上皮细胞酪蛋白的影响,干扰HSD17B4基因上调了FABP3、ACSL1、DGAT1、DGAT2基因的表达,从而促进甘油三酯的合成,同时降低ABCD1、ACOX2、EHHADH、SCP2基因的表达,减少脂肪酸β-氧化。     

醋酸铅对小鼠卵巢组织结构和卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡的影响

将40只20日龄雌性昆明系小鼠随机分成3个处理组和1个对照组,每组10只。给3个处理组小鼠分别连续2d腹腔按体质量注射醋酸铅10,20,40mg/kg,对照组小鼠注射等体积的生理盐水。于注射后24,72h分离卵巢,用原位末端标记法(TUNEL)测定卵巢颗粒细胞的凋亡率,研究卵巢组织结构及卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡的变化。结果显示,醋酸铅可使小鼠卵巢组织结构发生病变,加速卵巢颗粒细胞的凋亡,且凋亡率随着攻毒剂量的增加和时间的延长而升高,与对照组相比,差异极显著(P0.01);表明醋酸铅对小鼠卵巢具有毒性作用,可诱导卵巢颗粒细胞发生凋亡,并呈现一定的剂量-时间依赖关系。     

醋酸铅对小鼠卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡基因p53、Bax、Bcl-2表达的影响

将40只未成年雌性昆明系小鼠随机分成3个处理组和1个对照组,每组10只。处理组小鼠分别连续2 d腹腔注射铅10、20、40 mg/kg（按体质量给药）,对照组小鼠注射等体积的生理盐水。于注射后24、72 h分离卵巢,用原位末端标记法（TUNEL）测定卵巢颗粒细胞的凋亡率,同时用半定量RT-PCR方法检测凋亡基因p53、Bax、Bcl-2mRNA表达。结果表明,铅可促进颗粒细胞凋亡,且随剂量的增加和作用时间的延长,颗粒细胞中p53、Bax基因表达量逐渐增加,与对照组相比差异显著或极显著（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;而Bcl-2基因表达量则逐渐减少（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;表明铅可通过上调促细胞凋亡基因p53、Bax基因表达量,下调Bcl-2基因表达量,诱导卵巢颗粒细胞的凋亡。     

玉米赤霉烯酮中毒大鼠卵巢组织p53和NF-κB的表达

10周龄SD大鼠单剂量腹腔注射5mg/kg玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)玉米油溶液,分别于攻毒后3,6,12,24,48,72,96 h剖杀取卵巢组织,检测不同时间卵巢组织中p53和NF-κB的表达.病理组织学观察发现卵巢组织出现不同程度损伤,卵泡颗粒细胞凋亡.免疫组化结果表明试验组与对照组卵巢组织中均有p53和NF-κB的表达,并且随着时间的推进呈现动态变化.试验组p53在3,6,12h时表达量上调,12 h后表达量逐渐下降,各试验组与对照组相比较均差异显著(P＜0.05).NF-κB在3h表达量最高,而后表达量开始降低,各试验组与对照组相比较差异均显著(P＜0.05).大鼠玉米赤霉烯酮中毒可引起卵巢组织的病变及颗粒细胞凋亡,且p53和NF-κB在玉米赤霉烯酮中毒大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡发生过程中起着一定作用.     

Periplaneta americana peptide decreases apoptosis of pig-ovary granulosa cells induced by H2O2 through FoxO1

Oxidative stress can induce apoptosis of granulosa cells and lead to follicular atresia, thereby reducing the number of pigs giving birth. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Periplaneta americana peptide (PAP) on the apoptosis of the granulosa cells of pig ovaries (PGCs) induced by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) via FoxO1. PGCs were treated with H₂O₂ to establish a cell apoptosis model. Cell viability was measured using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and cell apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry. The malondialdehyde (MDA) level and nitric oxide (NO) content were detected to reflect the oxidative stress. Western blotting, qRT-PCR and overexpression were undertaken to determine the expression of FoxO1 and caspase-3, and immunofluorescence was used to detect FoxO1 in the nucleus and cytoplasm. PGCs were treated with 100 μM H₂O₂ for 6 hr, which resulted in oxidative damage and apoptosis and an apoptosis rate for PGCs of 32.95%. Next, PGCs were treated with 400 μg/ml PAP for 24 hr to repair the apoptosis induced by H₂O₂. PAP improved cell viability in H₂O₂-stimulated PGCs, the increased MDA level and NO content caused by H₂O₂ stimulation were reversed and the apoptotic rate of PGCs was reduced. The qRT-PCR and Western blotting results indicated that PAP decreased the H₂O₂-induced apoptosis and the expression of FoxO1 and caspase-3 in PGCs. The effect of PAP was the same following FoxO1 overexpression. FoxO1 was expressed in the nucleus when stimulated by H₂O₂ or overexpression; however, it migrated to the cytoplasm following PAP treatment. PAP decreased the apoptosis of PGCs induced by H₂O₂ by regulating FoxO1 expression and nuclear translocation.     

Expression of TGFBR1, TGFBR2, TGFBR3, ACVR1B and ACVR2B is altered in ovaries of cows with cystic ovarian disease

The objective of this study was to examine the expression of transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGFBR)1, TGFBR2, TGFBR3, activin receptor (ACVR)1B and ACVR2B in ovaries of cows with cystic ovarian disease (COD). The expression of the selected receptors was determined by immunohistochemistry in sections of ovaries from cows with ACTH‐induced and spontaneous COD. Expression of TGFBR1 and TGFBR3 was higher in granulosa cells of cysts from cows with spontaneous COD than in tertiary follicles from the control group. Additionally, TGFBR3 expression was higher in granulosa cells of cysts from cows with ACTH‐induced COD than in those from the control group and lower in theca cells of spontaneous and ACTH‐induced cysts than in tertiary control follicles. There were no changes in the expression of TGFBR2. ACVR1B expression was higher in granulosa cells of tertiary follicles of cows with spontaneous COD than in the control group, whereas ACVR2B expression was higher in cysts of the spontaneous COD group than in tertiary follicles from the control group. The alterations here detected, together with the altered expression of the ligands previously reported, indicate alterations in the response of the ligands in the target cells, modifying their actions at cellular level.     

Effects of 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine on hormone secretion and epigenetic regulation in sika deer ovarian granulosa cells

5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC), an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferases, is an effective treatment for various cancers and has improved the development rate of cloned embryos. Previous studies have reported the effect of 5-Aza-dC on fibroblasts; however, the mechanism whereby 5-Aza-dC affects sika deer granulosa cells and hormone secretion is presently unknown. Here, we showed that the cell cycle after treatment with different doses of 5-Aza-dC was significantly altered. The number of cells in the S phase was significantly increased in response to a concentration of 0.1 μM 5-Aza-dC. The rate of apoptosis was increased when cells were treated with 0.1 μM and 5 μM 5-Aza-dC. We showed that the protein level of H3K9me2 was significantly decreased in response to 5-Aza-dC. The activity levels of DNA methyltransferase were reduced by a moderate dose of 5-Aza-dC. Furthermore, the secretion of E₂ and P₄ was influenced by different doses of 5-Aza-dC. Our study suggested that 5-Aza-dC affected hormone secretion in sika deer granulosa cells through cell development and epigenetic regulation. The findings of this study lay the foundation for further epigenetic studies in sika deer.     

CDK2和P53在细胞中心体复制与调控中的作用

中心体是真核生物重要的细胞器,其复制与调控异常可能是体外胚胎发育异常的重要原因,而CDK2和P53是调控中心体复制的关键且必要因子,在细胞中心体复制调控中起核心作用。作者简要介绍了中心体的功能和复制过程,重点综述了CDK2、P53及其相关因子在中心体复制调控中的作用,对研究体外受精胚胎和克隆胚胎的发育异常具有一定的理论意义。     

VEGF对绵羊卵泡颗粒细胞FSHR、E2R表达的影响

血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)可以促进颗粒细胞的增殖,但是否影响同样分布于颗粒细胞上的FSHR、E2R表达效果尚属未知.因此,通过Western blotting和荧光定量PCR分别对添加0、5、10、15、20、25 μg/L VEGF卵泡颗粒细胞中FSHR、E2R表达量及FSHR mRNA、E2R mRNA表达量进行检测.Western blotting蛋白检测结果表明,空白对照组和各个不同质量浓度VEGF处理组的颗粒细胞上均有FSHR和E2R蛋白表达,FSHR相对分子质量为75 000,E2R相对分子质量为56 000；荧光定量PCR检测结果表明,添加VEGF的各个处理组中FSHR mR-NA、E2R mRNA表达量均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),各处理组间的FSHR mRNA之间差异不显著(P＞0.05),而VEGF添加量20、25 μg/L组的E2R mRNA表达量显著高于其他3个处理组(P＜0.05),并且这2个组间则差异不显著(P＞0.05),其余3个处理组间亦差异不显著(P＞0.05).     

T-2毒素对大鼠离体培养卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡的影响

将未成熟的Wistar大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞进行原代培养,用不同浓度的T-2毒素染毒细胞24 h.染毒结束后,采用MTT法检测细胞相对活力,荧光染料Hoechst 33258检测卵巢颗粒细胞的凋亡变化,RT-PCR检测凋亡调控基因Bcl-2、Bax和P53 mRNA的表达.结果显示,随着T-2毒素染毒剂量的增加,颗粒细胞的细胞活力逐渐下降;而细胞凋亡率、Bcb2、Bax、P53 mRNA表达水平、Bax mRNA/Bcl-2 mRNA比值则逐渐上升;除1 nmol/L剂量组外,其余各剂量组与对照组比较差异显著(P＜0.05).结果表明,T-2毒素可显著抑制大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞活力,诱导颗粒细胞凋亡,并呈浓度依赖关系.     

p53 inhibits the proliferation of male germline stem cells from dairy goat cultured on poly-L-lysine

Male germline stem cells (mGSCs) can transmit genetic materials to the next generation and dedifferentiate into pluripotent stem cells. However, in livestock, mGSC lines are difficult to establish, because of the factors that affect their isolation and culture. The extracellular matrix serves as a substrate for attachment and affects the fate of these stem cells. Poly-L-lysine (PL), an extracellular matrix of choice, inhibits and/or kills cancer cells, and promotes the attachment of stem cells in culture. However, how it affects the characteristics and potentials of these stem cells in culture needs to be elucidated. Here, we isolated, enriched and cultured dairy goat mGSCs on five types of extracellular matrices. To explore the best extracellular matrix to use for culturing them, the characteristics and proliferation ability of the cells were determined. Results showed that the cells shared several characteristics with previously reported mGSCs, including the poor effect of PL on their proliferative and colony-forming abilities. Further examination showed upregulation of p53 expression in these cells, which could be inhibiting their proliferation. When a p53 inhibitor was included in the culture medium, it was confirmed to be responsible for the inhibition of proliferation in mGSCs. Optimal concentration of the inhibitor in the culture of these cells was 5 µM. Furthermore, addition of the p53 inhibitor increased the expression of the markers of self-renewal and cell cycle in goat mGSCs. In summary, suppressing p53 is beneficial for the proliferation of dairy goat mGSCs, cultured on PL.