精确到次带头项贡献的核子结构函数非单态分量的解析表达式

本文利用逆Mellin变换从非单态核子结构函数的矩得到了精确到次带头项贡献的核子结构函数非单态分量的解析表达式, 最后将理论预言与实验进行比较     

直接计算QCD关于强子的价夸克分布函数预言的一种方法

我们利用Altarelli-Parisi方程, 在合理的近似下, 求得核子中价夸克分布函数的解析表达式, 并用它讨论在e-p深度非弹散射中结构函数的行为, 最后给出了理论与实验结果的比较.     

关于弱中性流结构函数的QCD预言

本文利用我们从QCD理论得到的关于结构函数非单态分量的解析表达式(精确到次带头级), 并取新近实验测得的当Q2=11(GeV/c)²时的弱中性流结构函数作为初始输入, 对弱中性流结构函数(在标准弱电统一模型内)的无标度性破坏行为作出了QCD预言.     

核子自旋结构的实验研究进展

本文主要介绍对核子纵向自旋结构函数的实验研究进展。首先简要介绍核子自旋结构的部分理论模型,包括朴素的部份子模型和QCD中的夸克–部份子模型,同时简要介绍标度律和标度律的破坏及其原因;接着介绍实验研究的理论基础,包括弱作用和轻子–核子的深度非弹散射中轴流的作用和几个关于核子自旋结构的求和规则和它们的QCD修正;且简要介绍深度非弹散射实验的研究方法,包括单举测量、半单举和遍举测量。最后,详细介绍实验研究进展,包括对质子和中子的纵向自旋结构函数的测量,国际上几个主要实验室在不同的能量下,在用不同的靶、不同的束流对不同范围的Bjorken变量x和不同的四动量转移范围Q2下的实验、特点及其结果。最后简略介绍了我国实验物理工作者在该领域的国际合作组的部分工作。     

核子白旋结构的实验研究进展

本文主要介绍对核子纵向自旋结构函数的实验研究进展。首先简要介绍核子自旋结构的部分理论模型,包括朴素的部份子模型和QCD中的夸克一部份子模型,同时简要介绍标度律和标度律的破坏及其原因;接着介绍实验研究的理论基础,包括弱作用和轻子一核子的深度非弹散射中轴流的作用和几个关于核子自旋结构的求和规则和它们的QCD修正;且简要介绍深度非弹散射实验的研究方法,包括单举测量、半单举和遍举测量。最后,详细介绍实验研究进展,包括对质子和。中子的纵向自旋结构函数的测量,国际上几个主要实验室在不同的能量下,在用不同的靶、不同的束流对不同范围的Bjorken变量x和不同的四动量转移范围Q2下的实验、特点及其结果。最后简略介绍了我国实验物理工作者在该领域的国际合作组的部分工作。     

华德等式和电子深度非弹散射

本文用[1]中方法继续对电子深度非弹散射过程进行讨论.文中给出结构函数中的不可约图的一般表达式,用华德等式将它们与核子电流矩阵元的核、核子的 B-S 方程的核联系起来.文中在不考虑封闭的层子线圈图的贡献和核子方程中的积分核作位势假定的情况下,给出结构函数的表达式和计算方法,用核子方程解出的波函数和方程的积分核可将结构函数算出来.     

在带头对数项近似下中微子深度非弹过程中xF_3(x,Q~2)的QCD行为

本文利用我们已经给出的在带头对数近似下强子价夸克分布函数的解析表达式讨论了在中微子深度非弹过程中结构函数_xF_3的QCD行为,理论预言与实验结果很好地符合。最后,讨论了由于我们在用A-P方程求解解析解过程中作了一个近似所引起的误差计算表明即使在Q~2=200GeV,x=0.1情况下,相对误差仍小于1％。     

非微扰夸克传播子与核子结构函数的非平庸Q2依赖性研究

考虑最低维非微扰效应即夸克凝聚和胶子凝聚对夸克传播子的贡献,在链近似下,计算了QCD非微扰夸克传播子; 基于所获得的非微扰夸克传播子,对核子结构函数中的非微扰效应进行了分析,给出了核子结构函数的非平庸Q²依赖性.     

二维色动力学的红外结构和电磁形状因子

本文讨论了1+1维 QCD 理论的一个模型.在这个模型里,应用’t Hooft 的1/N 展开技巧,并考虑到非阿贝尔规范理论的红外结构的影响,段定了g²（t）～(1/(t^k-1)),从而给出层子的传播函数和介子的 Bethe-Salpeter 方程以及波函数的性质和特点.进一步计算了介子的电磁形状因子和深度非弹过程的结构函数。计算结果表明,如果实验上给出的电子与介子深度非弹行为和电子与质子深度非弹行为接近,则要求标征红外行为的 k 应不大于2.     

在带头对数项近似下中微子深度非弹过程中xF3(x, Q2)的QCD行为

本文利用我们已经给出的在带头对数近似下强子价夸克分布函数的解析表达式^[9]讨论了在中微子深度非弹过程中结构函数xF₃的QCD行为, 理论预言与实验结果很好地符合. 最后, 讨论了由于我们在用A-P方程求解解析解过程中作了一个近似所引起的误差计算表明即使在Q²=200GeV, x=0.1情况下, 相对误差仍小于1%.     

Higher order QCD effects in inclusive annihilation and deep inelastic scattering

We present a parton model interpretation of the predictions of quantum chromodynamics in the process e⁺e^?→hadron + anything. We give thecomplete list of parameters needed for the study of the scaling violations of fragmentation functions up to the next-to-leading logarithmic approximation. This includes flavour non-singlet and flavour singlet anomalous dimensions up to order α² and coefficient functions up to order α. We also present results for the deep inelastic scattering e^?h→e^? + anything. We find that in e⁺e^? annihilation the ratio of scaling violations of second order to first order is in general bigger than the corresponding ratio for deep inelastic scattering. The Gribov-Lipatov relation is thus violated in second order. We also find that a modified Drell-Yan analytic continuation relation holds between the deep inelastic and annihilation structure functions for quarks and gluons. In x space we give detailed numerical evaluation of the QCD effects for non-singlet and singlet densities, in the space-like and time-like regions.     

The Q2 dependence of the flavour singlet pseudoscalar meson wave function in QCD

We calculate the Q² dependence of the flavour singlet pseudoscalar meson wave function in QCD by summing up the leading large logarithms with the aid of the ladder approximation of its Bethe-Salpeter equation. The calculation is performed in an axial gauge. We find that the Q² dependence is diagonalized by expanding the wave function in the space of longitudinal momentum fractions in terms of Gegenbauer polynomials. The anomalous dimensions agree with those of one of the two operators to be considered for polarized deep inelastic lepton-hadron scattering in addition to the operators already contributing to the spin-averaged case.     

A parton shower model for hadronic two-photon process in e+e− scattering

A new model of QCD parton shower is proposed which is dedicated to two-photon processes in e⁺e^? scattering. When hadron jets are produced, the photon may resolve into quark-antiquark pairs so that the structure functions of the photon should be introduced. Based on the Altarelli-Parisi equation for these functions, an algorithm is formulated that allows us to construct a model for parton showers for the photon. Our model consists of two parts, one of which describes the deep inelastic scattering of the photon and the other one the scattering of two quasi-real photons. Using the model some results are presented on parton distributions and jet production.     

QCD at lowQ 2—A correspondence relation for moments of structure functions

The precocious validity of QCD predictions in deep inelastic lepton nucleon scattering ande ⁺ e ^? annihilation is interpreted as a signal for an underlying “correspondence principle” relating perturbative and nonperturbative physics on theQ ² average. Correspondence relations for nonsinglet moments of deep inelastic structure functions are formulated, discussed and successfully tested against experiment. The relations provide an independent determination of the QCD ?-parameter from lowQ ² data in perfect agreement with results from largeQ ² analyses.     

The quark spin structure of the nucleon

Some non-perturbative aspects of the nucleon quark spin structure are reviewed. The first part is a brief summary of early theoretical developments in the field of polarized deep inelastic scattering of electrons on polarized nucleons and an illustration of the non-perturbative power of lattice QCD 25 years later. The second part is a short pedagogical introduction to the analysis of high energy scattering in the complex angular momentum plane, with particular emphasis on spin-dependent deep inelastic electron-nucleon scattering. The third part comprises a brief introduction to lattice QCD and its applications in the non-perturbative determination of the spin-dependent structure functions.     

QCD asymptotics and kinematic thresholds in deep inelastic scattering

The Nachtmann moments of deep inelastic scattering structure functions are required by kinematics to contain a so far neglected threshold factor which is dependent on both n and q². Its presence significantly affects the “moment analysis” in the usual QCD phenomenology and it resolves the difficulties connected with improper threshold behavior of the “ξ-scaling” analysis of structure functions.     

Target independence of the EMC-SMC effect

An approach to deep inelastic scattering is described in which the matrix elements arising from the operator product expansion are factorised into composite operator propagators and proper vertex functions. In the case of polarised μp scattering, the composite operator propagator is identified with the square root of the QCD topological susceptibility √x′(0) , while the corresponding proper vertex is a renormalisation group invariant. We estimate x′(0) using QCD spectral sum rules and find that it is significantly suppressed relative to the OZI expectation. Assuming OZI is a good approximation for the proper vertex, our predictions, f₀¹ d x g₁^p (x; Q²= 10 GeV²) = 0.143 ± 0.005 and G_A⁰ = ΔΣ = 0.353 ± 0.052, are in excellent agreement with the new SMC data. This result, together with one confirming the validity of the OZI rule in the η′ radiative decay, supports our earlier conjecture that the suppression in the flavour singlet component of the first moment of gp observed by the EMC-SMC Collaboration is a target-independent feature of QCD related to the U(1) anomaly and is not a property of the proton structure. As a corollary, we extract the magnitude of higher twist effects from the neutron and Bjorken sum rules.     

Comparison of moments from the valence structure function with QCD predictions

We present moments (both ordinary and Nachtmann) of the nucleon valence structure function measured in high Q²_νFE scattering, supplemented by data from deep inelastic eD scattering. These data seem to agree with QCD predictions for vector gluons. The QCD parameter Λ is found to be of the order 0.5 GeV.     

Testing QCD scaling violations in the HERA energy range

High energy electron-proton colliders open new kinematical domains for the investigation of scaling violations in nucleon structure functions. Focussing on HERA as a definite study case we explore the precision which can be expected in determinations of the QCD scale parameter Λ and the running coupling constant α _s (Q ²). Our results provide a quantitative basis for discussions of the possibilities and requirements of QCD tests in inclusive deep inelastic scattering at HERA energies.