催化汽油加氢脱硫降烯烃系列催化剂工业试生产及应用

介绍了RIDOS系列催化汽油加氢脱硫降烯烃催化剂的工业试生产及首次工业应用。该系列催化剂具有较高的压碎强度、较大的孔容和较高的比表面积,产品重复性好,制备工艺可行,易于工业化生产。在燕山石化进行的首次工业应用结果表明,该系列催化剂具有高的脱硫活性、高的烯烃饱和活性以及较少的辛烷值损失。     

OCT-M FCC汽油选择性加氢脱硫技术的开发和工业应用

开发了OCT-M FCC汽油选择性加氢脱硫技术,在压力1.6～3.0 MPa、温度260～280 ℃、空速2.0～6.0 h^－1、氢油体积比300～500的条件下,对国内外FCC汽油进行选择性加氢处理, 加氢脱硫率为85％～90％,烯烃体积分数降低7.0～13.0个百分点,研究法辛烷值RON损失小于2.0个单位,RON和MON 平均损失小于1.5个单位,汽油收率大于98.0%。     

FCC汽油加氢改质催化剂及改质工艺

研究开发出了适于FCC汽油加氢改质的选择性加氢脱硫催化剂和辛烷值恢复催化剂,并在300 mL绝热装置上,分别以全馏分FCC汽油或切割后的重馏分FCC汽油为原料,进行了FCC汽油加氢改质工艺的系统研究,结果表明：单独采用辛烷值恢复工艺或辛烷值恢复-选择性加氢脱硫组合工艺不能完全满足FCC汽油加氢改质的要求;而单独采用选择性加氢脱硫工艺或选择性加氢脱硫-辛烷值恢复组合工艺可以满足全馏分FCC汽油或切割后重馏分FCC汽油加氢改质的要求。将全馏分FCC汽油切割后进行加氢改质可以得到硫含量更低的改质产品或直接生产符合国Ⅳ标准的清洁汽油。     

催化裂化汽油加氢脱硫技术进展

介绍了FCC汽油中的主要含硫化合物及其加氢脱硫反应历程。通过对当前国内、外的主要加氢脱硫技术进行总结,提出了针对当前我国FCC汽油加氢改质所面临问题的解决方案。     

FCC汽油降烯烃工艺及催化剂研究进展

针对国VI汽油标准大幅度降烯烃的需要及乙醇汽油对有机含氧化合物含量的严格要求,从分子炼油角度出发,按照烯烃碳数C_4、C_5～C_6、C_5～C_8的顺序分别介绍并分析催化裂化(FCC)汽油降烯烃后处理技术,包括MTBE生产、烷基化、醚化、异构化/芳构化工艺发展状况、优缺点与应用局限。由于乙醇汽油的推广,MTBE生产技术与轻汽油醚化技术将面临停产的困境与改造的挑战,而烷基化、异构化/芳构化等生产高辛烷值汽油组分的技术是更具潜力的FCC汽油降烯烃技术,将得到大力发展。此外,总结常用工业催化剂及其改性研究,并简述存在问题与发展方向,提出汽油组分比例优化、MTBE装置改造等建议与展望,为FCC汽油降烯烃工艺技术路线选择提供借鉴。     

CDOS-FRCN全馏分催化汽油选择加氢脱硫技术的首次工业应用

介绍了CDOS-FRCN技术在中海石油炼化有限责任公司惠州炼油分公司50万t/a全馏分催化汽油选择加氢脱硫装置上的开工情况及运行结果.工业应用结果表明,采用CDOS-FRCN技术可将FCC汽油硫含量由320～ 336 μg/g降至10 ～ 17μg/g,相应RON损失仅为0.8～1.4个单位,满足了生产硫含量≤10 μg/g国V汽油(类似欧V)的技术要求.CDOS-FRCN技术相比传统选择加氢脱硫技术投资可节省25％以上,能耗可降低30％～ 50％.     

高硫FCC汽油加氢脱硫降烯烃DSRA技术开发

在分析催化裂化汽油硫和烯烃分布不均匀的基础上,对催化裂化汽油进行轻、重组分分馏,开发了活性高和稳定性好的重馏分辛烷值恢复催化剂及FCC汽油加氢脱硫降烯烃DSRA技术。采用DSRA技术对高硫格尔木催化裂化汽油进行轻馏分脱硫醇、重馏分加氢脱硫和辛烷值恢复等改质处理,总脱硫率为94.1%,烯烃降至20%,辛烷值不损失,汽油收率97.83%,化学氢耗0.88%,可生产符合欧Ⅲ规范的清洁汽油。     

FCC汽油脱硫降烯烃技术最新进展

介绍了国内外降低催化汽油中硫和烯烃的技术。降低FCC汽油烯烃和硫含量的主要技术有对FCC原料油进行加氢预处理、在FCC过程中使用具有降低汽油烯烃和硫含量的催化剂或助剂以及对 FCC 汽油进行脱硫和降烯烃精制处理三类。     

全馏分催化汽油加氢脱硫工艺的标定与运行分析

中海油惠州炼化为了满足全厂汽油升级至国Ⅳ、Ⅴ标准的要求,新建一套50万吨/年催化汽油加氢脱硫装置。该装置采用全馏分催化汽油选择性加氢脱硫技术（CDOS-FRCN）,催化剂采用海顺德公司的催化剂专利技术。装置标定情况说明,催化汽油经全馏分加氢精制后,加氢精制汽油硫质量分数达到11 μg/g,硫醇硫质量分数达到10 μg/g,汽油辛烷值损失小于1.5个单位。二反入口温度对脱硫效果和辛烷值损失有很大影响,温度越高,则脱硫率越高,但辛烷值损失偏大。CDOS-FRCN技术能够有效降低汽油硫含量,减少辛烷值损失,可为炼油厂生产硫含量小于50 μg/g甚至10 μg/g的清洁汽油提供经济、灵活的技术方案。     

催化裂化汽油降烯烃改质过程的能量优化

针对催化汽油辅助提升管改质降烯烃技术(ARFCC)存在能耗偏高的特点,采用"三环节"模型和经济理论对辅助系统的用能状况进行了研究,提出了以优化的辅助分馏塔热量为热源,粗汽油为主要热阱的换热网络,以最大限度地提高辅助分馏塔能量的利用效率,实现粗汽油气相进料的汽油改质过程的能量优化。研究表明:通过降低辅助提升管油剂接触温差,将辅助分馏系统的较低品质热量转换成等量的反再系统高品质热量,可达到催化裂化装置的能量升级利用;并使油剂混合过程中的损降低85%;回收环节的回收率从44%提高到57%,从而降低了汽油降烯烃改质过程的能耗。     

FCC汽油加氢脱硫/降烯烃新技术的开发

介绍了中国石化抚顺石油化工研究院(FRIPP)开发的OCT-M、FRS和OTA催化裂化(FCC)汽油加氢脱硫/降烯烃技术。这些技术针对我国不同硫和烯烃含量的FCC汽油分别进行加氢处理,在大幅度降低硫含量和烯烃含量的同时,辛烷值损失较少,为炼油企业生产清洁汽油提供了灵活、经济的技术解决方案。     

FCC汽油加氢技术现状及发展趋势

介绍了国内外催化汽油加氢脱硫和降烯烃的主要技术,分析比较了RIDOS、OTA、OCTGAIN三种芳构化和异构化汽油加氢工艺的特点及其适用范围;分析比较了OCT-M、FRS、Prime-G+三种汽油选择性加氢工艺的特点及其适用范围。指出了FCC汽油加氢改质技术目前的研究重点以及今后的发展趋势是开发具有低辛烷值损失、高液收并可根据不同硫含量目标进行灵活调节的汽油加氢技术。     

汽油和柴油中含硫化合物加氢脱硫反应机理研究进展

环境保护意识的大幅度提升促使车用燃料质量标准日益严格,为实现汽油和柴油中硫含量不断降低的目标,迫切需要研发超深度脱硫技术.目前加氢脱硫技术是大规模工业化应用的关键技术,其核心是高效催化剂的研制.介绍了FCC汽油及柴油中所含各类硫化物的加氢脱硫反应路径,主要讨论了其中难以脱除的噻吩类、苯并噻吩类、二苯并噻吩类和4,6-二...     

异构化制清洁汽油工艺及催化剂

介绍了异构化工艺制清洁汽油的研究现状,综述了近年来国内外轻石脑油异构化工艺及催化剂的应用与发展。简述了目前国内外主要工业化应用的异构化工艺。从活性金属和载体两方面简单介绍了双功能型金属/酸异构化催化剂的研究与发展。着重阐述了固体超强酸异构化催化剂的特点,详细说明了通过促进剂、载体及活性金属元素的引入等方面对SO₄^2-/ZrO₂型固体超强酸异构化催化剂改性方面的研究进展。通过对目前已商业应用的异构化工艺的对比,对异构化催化剂所面临的主要问题进行探讨。最终指出异构化制清洁汽油将成为我国汽油生产的重要技术手段之一,经济、环保、高效的固体超强酸催化剂将大规模工业应用于异构化催化中。     

DOCO降烯烃催化剂和MGD工艺的工业应用

大庆石油公司炼油厂1.40 Mt·a^－1重油催化裂化装置通过综合运用DOCO降烯烃催化剂和MGD工艺，汽油产品中烯烃体积分数下降15％，汽油辛烷值有所降低。产品分布较为理想，油浆产率略有降低，焦炭产率略有增加，汽油产率基本持平，柴油产率略有降低，液化气产率增加，催化剂单耗有所升高，综合经济效益明显。     

粗汽油进提升管改质对汽油烯烃及产品分布的影响

催化装置粗汽油回炼技术在有效降低催化稳定汽油烯烃含量的同时,对催化装置产品分布产生明显的影响,继而影响到装置的综合经济效益。本文对不同粗汽油回炼量条件下,催化装置稳定汽油性质和产品分布变化趋势进行分析,对经济效益进行对比,阐明应用粗汽油回炼降低汽油烯烃技术时,要选择合适的操作条件,以期得到较好的综合经济效益。     

Optimization‐based support for process design under uncertainty: A case study

The use of two‐stage stochastic optimization for the support of the solution of process design problems in the early phase of process development where the different potential elements of the production process can only be described with significant uncertainty is discussed. The first stage variables are the design decisions which are fixed after the process has been built, while the second stage variables are the operational parameters which can be adapted to the realization of the uncertainties. The application of the approach to the design of a hydroformylation process in a thermomorphic solvent system is demonstrated. The proposed designs which are computed using the software framework FSOpt are analyzed and compared using different graphic representations which provide insight into what the most important design decisions are. Finally, the experience with the proposed formulation and solution techniques and point out where further advances are needed is reviewed. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 3404–3419, 2016     

Optimal processing network design under uncertainty for producing fuels and value‐added bioproducts from microalgae: Two‐stage adaptive robust mixed integer fractional programming model and computationally efficient solution algorithm

Fractional metrics, such as return on investment (ROI), are widely used for performance evaluation, but uncertainty in the real market may unfortunately diminish the results that are based on nominal parameters. This article addresses the optimal design of a large‐scale processing network for producing a variety of algae‐based fuels and value‐added bioproducts under uncertainty. We develop by far the most comprehensive processing network with 46,704 alternative processing pathways. Based on the superstructure, a two‐stage adaptive robust mixed integer fractional programming model is proposed to tackle the uncertainty and select the robust optimal processing pathway with the highest ROI. Since the proposed problem cannot be solved directly by any off‐the‐shelf solver, we develop an efficient tailored solution method that integrates a parametric algorithm with a column‐and‐constraint generation algorithm. The resulting robust optimal processing pathway selects biodiesel and poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrate as the final fuel and bioproduct, respectively. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 582–600, 2017     

A novel method for enhancing on-stream stability of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline hydro-upgrading catalyst: Post-treatment of HZSM-5 zeolite by combined steaming and citric acid leaching

This article describes a novel modification method consisting of steaming and subsequent citric acid leaching to finely tune acidity and pore structure of HZSM-5 zeolite and thereby to enhance the on-stream stability of the zeolite derived fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline hydro-upgrading catalyst. A series of dealuminated HZSM-5 zeolites and their derived catalysts were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), ²⁷Al MAS NMR, nitrogen adsorption, temperature programmed desorption of ammonium (NH₃-TPD) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy of chemisorbed pyridine. The results showed that the citric acid leaching could preferentially remove the extra-framework Al (EFAl) species formed by steaming treatment and thus reopen the EFAl-blocked pore channels of the steamed zeolite. The steaming treatment at a suitable temperature and subsequent citric acid leaching not only decreased the strength of acid sites to a desirable degree but also increased the ratio of medium and strong Lewis acidity to medium and strong Brönsted acidity, both of which conferred the resulting catalyst with superior selectivity to aromatics, good hydroisomerization activity and gasoline research octane number (RON) preservability, as well as enhanced on-stream stability. The results fully demonstrated that the treatments by steaming and followed citric acid leaching can serve as an important method for adjusting the physicochemical properties of HZSM-5 zeolite.