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1.
为明确我国山西、山东、河北和云南省葡萄霜霉病菌对烯酰吗啉的抗性以及田间病菌群体的适合度,本研究采用Taqman-MGB技术检测了2020年-2021年采自上述4省份292株葡萄霜霉病菌对烯酰吗啉的抗性频率;采用叶盘法测定了田间抗性菌株与敏感菌株的适合度。结果表明,上述4个地区的平均烯酰吗啉抗性频率及抗性等位基因频率分别为64.0%和74.7%,其中山东省蓬莱区最高(91.2%和96.3%),河北省廊坊市(73.8%和85.0%)和云南省宾川县(75.0%和82.6%)次之,山西省清徐县(16.7%和34.7%)最低。适合度分析发现,田间抗性菌株的产孢能力明显高于敏感菌株,但二者的复合适合度指数无显著差异。上述结果表明,4省份霜霉病菌群体均对烯酰吗啉产生了不同程度的抗性,田间抗性菌株与敏感菌株相比无明显适合度变化。  相似文献   

2.
烯酰吗啉(DMM)的特性及其作用机制   总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19  
本文介绍了烯酰吗啉的防病特性及其作用机制。烯酰吗啉主要用于防治由霉霉避、疫毒属等引起的卵菌病害,具有保护、治疗和抗孢子产生的活性。DDM干扰病原菌细胞壁聚合体的正确组装,影响细胞壁的形成。DMM的应用存在着一定的抗性风险。  相似文献   

3.
 为探究施用烯酰吗啉后不同葡萄叶际微生物群落变化,以田间‘红地球’品种葡萄为研究对象,连续施用农药烯酰吗啉,采集不同组别样品,利用 Illumina Hiseq 高通量测序技术分析葡萄叶际真菌、细菌群落结构变化。基于可操作分类单元(operational taxonomic units, OTUs)的物种分类分析,共得到葡萄叶际微生物真菌群落共计6个门,23个纲,60个目,131个科,212个属,296个种;细菌群落共计42个门,91个纲,222个目,398个科,846个属,1 469个种。在云南农业大学砂壤土质、篱架式栽培的‘红地球’葡萄基地中发现:(1)葡萄叶际优势真菌有枝孢菌属(Cladosporium)、白粉菌属(Erysiphe)、unclassified -k_-Fungi属和Symmetrospora属;优势细菌有乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterium)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)、肠球菌属(Enterococcus)、毛螺菌属(unclassified-f-Lachnospiraceae)、norank-f-Muribaculaceae属、芽孢杆属(Bacillus)、Blautia属和肠杆菌属(Kosakonia)。(2)经烯酰吗啉处理后,在健康葡萄叶片中其叶际真菌群落丰富度略降低,多样性显著增加,叶际细菌群落丰富度增加,多样性增加,但零星发病叶片中,叶际真菌、细菌群落丰富度和多样性则显著降低。(3)在零星发病葡萄叶片中,相对健康叶片,葡萄叶际真菌群落之间的差异被增大,而葡萄叶际细菌群落的差异被减小。(4)在健康及发病叶片中,相对丰度均上调的真菌为白粉菌属(Erysiphe)、球腔菌属(Mycosphaerella)、线黑粉酵母属(Filobasidium)、黑孢霉属(Nigrospora)、赤霉属(Gibberella)、被孢霉菌(Mortierella)和镰刀菌属(Fusarium),细菌为巨单胞菌属(Megamonas)、链球菌属(Streptococcus)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)和弯曲杆菌属(Campylobacter);相对丰度均下调的真菌为枝孢属(Cladosporium)、壳针孢属(Septoria)、链格孢属(Alternaria)和担孢酵母属(Erythrobasidium);细菌为短小杆菌属(Kosakonia)鞘脂单胞菌属(Sphingomonas);推断这些菌对烯酰吗啉较为敏感。(5)施用烯酰吗啉农药对葡萄叶际微生物的影响在健康叶片与零星发病叶片中有差异,且有新的优势菌属出现。  相似文献   

4.
试验结果表明:40%烯酰吗啉水分散粒荆1000~1500倍液对荔枝霜疫霉病有较好的防治效果.在荔枝小果期、中果期和果实转熟期各施药1次,可有效控制荔枝霜疫霉病的危害。  相似文献   

5.
本文采用气相色谱法,在CP-7906毛细管柱上以邻苯二甲酸二癸酯做内标,用FID检测器对烯酰吗啉进行分离和定量。本方法的标准偏差为0.35;变异系数为0.37%;平均回收率为99.0%;线性相关系数为0.9999。  相似文献   

6.
用50%烯酰吗啉·嘧菌酯悬浮剂800倍液、1 000倍液和1 500倍液防治葡萄霜霉病,药后14 d,对葡萄霜霉病的防治效果分别是79.24%、90.89%和91.75%,对照药剂25%嘧菌酯悬浮剂1 000倍液对葡萄霜霉病的防治效果是64.79%。试验结果表明,50%烯酰吗啉·嘧菌酯悬浮剂可有效防治葡萄霜霉病,药效明显高于对照药剂25%嘧菌酯悬浮剂,建议在葡萄霜霉病发生初期用1 000倍液对叶面均匀喷雾。  相似文献   

7.
葡萄与葡萄霜霉菌之间关系的研究水平系统学说   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
李华 《植物病理学报》1989,19(2):101-104
 利用15个葡萄霜霉菌的自然群体和5个抗性不同的寄主品种进行的特异性接种结果表明:病原自然群体间存在着致病力的差异;寄主品种间存在着抗病性的差异;但不存在寄主-病原间的特异互作。结果还表明:在特异品种上连读移种的情况下,虽然抗性品种能提高病原群体的致病力,但无寄主-病原间的特异性互作。据此提出了水平系统学说。如果这一学说得到证实,就可用欧洲葡萄品种间杂交来提高葡萄对霜霉病的抗性。  相似文献   

8.
建立了气相色谱法检测莴笋、油麦菜中烯酰吗啉残留的分析方法。样品采用乙腈提取,Canbon-NH2柱净化,DM-1色谱柱分析。莴笋、油麦菜中烯酰吗啉在0.064、0.128、0.320mg/kg 3个添加水平的平均加标回收率在范围86.4%~97.4%内,RSD(n=3)均10,方法理论最小检出限为0.01mg/kg。该方法满足莴笋、油麦菜中烯酰吗啉农药残留的检测要求。  相似文献   

9.
烯酰吗啉对番茄晚疫病菌的抑制活性   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
采用生长速率法测定了烯酰吗啉对番茄晚疫病菌菌丝生长的影响,采用载玻片法测定了其对病菌游动孢子囊的产生、游动孢子的释放及对游动孢子的静止和完整性的影响。结果表明,烯酰吗啉对番茄晚疫病菌的菌丝生长及孢子囊的产生具有极强的抑制作用,其EC50分别是0.37、0.074μg/mL,但对游动孢子释放的抑制作用较弱,EC50是52.63μg/mL,显微镜下观察烯酰吗啉对游动孢子的静止没有影响,但当浓度为5μg/mL时即能完全破坏游动孢子。  相似文献   

10.
烯酰吗啉10%水乳剂在葡萄和土壤上的残留及消解动态研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
进行了烯酰吗啉10%水乳剂在葡萄和土壤中残留消解动态和最终残留量的研究。结果表明,以375mg/L剂量施药4次,距离最后1次施药后21d,烯酰吗啉最终残留量在葡萄中均<0.5mg/kg,在土壤中均<0.7mg/kg。表明烯酰吗啉在葡萄和土壤中消解较快,其残留消解动态曲线符合化学反应一级动力学方程,半衰期:在葡萄上为9.3~14.8d,在土壤中为11.2~15.8d。  相似文献   

11.
12.
    
BACKGROUND: The increasing occurrence of Qo inhibitor (QoI)‐fungicide‐resistant Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & MA Curtis) Berl. & DeToni populations is becoming a serious problem in the control of grapevine downy mildew worldwide. RESULTS: The authors have developed a rapid method for detecting resistance to a QoI fungicide, azoxystrobin, in P. viticola populations using the nested PCR‐RFLP method. With this method, a glycine‐to‐alanine substitution was discovered at codon 143 in the cytochrome b gene of P. viticola populations found in Japan. CONCLUSION: It is proposed that the nested PCR‐RFLP method is a high‐speed, sensitive and reliable tool for detecting azoxystrobin‐resistant P. viticola populations. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

13.
    
BACKGROUND: The occurrence of carboxylic acid amide (CAA)‐fungicide‐resistant Plasmopara viticola populations is becoming a serious problem in the control of grapevine downy mildew worldwide. RESULTS: The authors have developed a method, which utilises PCR‐RFLP, for the rapid detection of resistance to the CAA fungicide mandipropamid in P. viticola populations. With this method, a glycine‐to‐serine substitution at codon 1105 of the cellulose synthase gene PvCesA3 of CAA‐fungicide‐resistant P. viticola was easily detected, although no resistant P. viticola was detected from 398 isolates in Japan. CONCLUSION: It is proposed that the PCR‐RFLP method is a reliable tool for the rapid detection of CAA‐fungicide‐resistant P. viticola isolates. Only 4 h was required from the sampling of symptoms to the phenotyping of fungicide resistance. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

14.
部分鲜食葡萄品种霜霉病抗性田间调查   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
以54个鲜食葡萄品种为试材,调查统计不同葡萄品种的霜霉病发病程度、发病速率、落叶率和新梢成熟度。结果表明,不同葡萄品种对霜霉病的抗性存在明显差异,欧美杂种品种群的葡萄对霜霉病的抗性显著高于欧亚品种群;病情指数与落叶率、新梢成熟度呈极显著的相关性,与发病速率之间关系不显著。  相似文献   

15.
    
QoI fungicides, inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration at the Qo site of cytochrome b in the mitochondrial bc(1) enzyme complex, are commonly applied in vineyards against Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & MA Curtis) Berl. & De Toni. Numerous treatments per year with QoI fungicides can lead to the selection of resistant strains in the pathogen population owing to the very specific and efficient mode of action. In order to evaluate the resistance risk and its development, two different methods, biological and molecular, were applied to measure the sensitivity of oospores differentiated in vineyards, both treated and untreated with azoxystrobin, from 2000 to 2004. Assays using oospores have the advantage of analysing the sensitivity of bulked samples randomly collected in vineyards, describing accurately the status of resistance at the end of the grapevine growing season. Both methods correlated well in describing the resistance situation in vineyards. QoI resistance was not observed in one vineyard never treated with QoI fungicides. In the vineyard where azoxystrobin had been used in mixture with folpet, the selection of QoI-resistant strains was lower, compared with using solely QoI. In vineyards where QoI treatments have been stopped, a decrease in resistance was generally observed.  相似文献   

16.
    
BACKGROUND: DNA‐based diagnosis has become a common tool for the evaluation of fungicide resistance in obligate phytopathogenic fungus Plasmopara viticola. RESULTS: A multiplex allele‐specific primer PCR assay has been developed for the rapid detection of fungicide resistance in P. viticola populations. With this assay, a glycine‐to‐alanine substitution at codon 143 of the P. viticola cytochrome b gene, which conferred QoI fungicide resistance, and a glycine‐to‐serine substitution at codon 1105 of the P. viticola cellulose synthase gene PvCesA3, which conferred CAA fungicide resistance, were detected simultaneously. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that the present assay is a reliable tool for the rapid and simultaneous detection of QoI and CAA fungicide resistance alleles in P. viticola populations. The assay required only 2 h from the sampling of symptoms to the detection of resistance alleles to both fungicides. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

17.
鲜食葡萄品种对霜霉病的抗性及抗病机理研究   总被引:17,自引:1,他引:17  
采用田间自然发病调查,田间接种鉴定和离体葡萄叶圆片室内接种鉴定鲜食葡萄品种对霜霉病的抗性及其抗性机理研究表明,品种间对霜霉病的抗性存在显著差异。可依感病病级分为三类,低感品种有“z工伊豆”、“奥林匹亚”、“山东早红”、“森田尼”、“早玛瑙”。几乎所有的无核品种均高感霜霉病,葡萄对霜霉病的抗性与叶内可滴定酸、还原糖、游离氨基酸含量无显著相关,与叶背气也密度、气孔开度也无相关,而外施高浓度邻苯二酚却显著降低了霜霉病发病程度。  相似文献   

18.
    
BACKGROUND: The increasing occurrence of QoI fungicide resistance in Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & MA Curtis) Berl. & DeToni populations is becoming a serious problem in the control of grapevine downy mildew. In Japan, the existence of QoI‐fungicide‐resistant P. viticola was reported in 2009. RESULTS: The QoI fungicide resistance in P. viticola samples collected from vineyards in Japan in 2008 and 2009 was monitored. Resistant P. viticola were detected in the regions where QoI fungicides have been introduced in accordance with the pest management programme, whereas in Hokkaido vineyards, where QoI fungicides have not yet been introduced, QoI‐fungicide‐resistant P. viticola were not found. CONCLUSION: Japan comprises thousands of islands and is physically isolated from other countries by the sea. Monitoring the emergence, incidence and distribution of QoI fungicide resistance in P. viticola populations in Japan is necessary to improve pest management strategies for downy mildew disease in Japanese vineyards. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

19.
葡萄霜霉病菌PCR检测方法的建立与应用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
通过对已测序和已报道的葡萄霜霉病菌[Plasmopara viticola (Berk et Curtis) Ber.et de Toni]细胞色素c氧化酶亚型2(cytochrome c oxidase Ⅱ,cox2)的基因序列进行同源性比对分析,设计合成了一对用于P.viticola的检测引物F Pv/R Pv。利用该引物对包括P.viticola在内的30种常见植物病原真菌(包括15种Plasmopara属真菌、8种葡萄常见致病菌)的基因组DNA进行了PCR扩增,验证引物F Pv/R Pv的特异性,结果表明:该引物特异性强,仅P.viticola基因组DNA作为模板的PCR扩增产物呈现一条600 bp左右的特异性条带,其他参照菌株及阴性对照均无任何条带;灵敏度验证结果表明,该检测法可以检测出3.3 pg/μL 水平的P.viticola基因组DNA;应用该方法对来自全国不同葡萄产区的不同品种的78份葡萄霜霉病菌进行了检测,结果表明,该检测法适用范围广,且检测准确率达100%。  相似文献   

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