Carbon Nanotubes Grown on the Surface of Cathode Deposit by Arc Discharge

Carbon nanotubes prepared by de arc discharge of graphite electrodes in He and CH₄ gas took markedly different morphology. Thick nanotubes embellished with many carbon nanoparticles were obtained by evaporation under high CH₄ gas pressure and high arc current. Thin and long carbon nanotubes were obtained under a CH₄ gas pressure of 50Torr and an arc current of 20A for the anode with a diameter of 6mm.     

自维持电弧放电模式下碳纳米管的制备及机理

通过实现不同条件下的电弧放电,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对阴极沉积物中碳管的形貌和微结构进行表征,得到碳管的形貌和微结构与放电条件之间的一些对应关系.提出整体温度较低的沉积物边缘具有较高的局部温度、较大的碳离子流,并提出阴极上存在边缘的场致冷阴极发射和边缘以内的热阴极发射,它们分别起到引起边缘硬壳的形成、为碳纳米管的生长提供必要条件的作用.通过深入理解电弧放电过程,从而制备高质量具有特定结构的碳纳米管.     

碳纤维布表面原位生长碳纳米管的形貌和结构

利用催化化学气相沉积的方法,在碳纤维布上原位生长了碳纳米管(CNTs);并利用扫描电子显微镜、拉曼光谱和透射电子显微镜研究了沿气流方向不同位置处生长的CNTs的形貌与结构演变。结果表明:沿气流方向不同位置处生长的CNTs呈定向排列,结构和质量相近;但不同位置处生长的CNTs的长度不同,远离进气口处生长的CNTs的长度约为进气口处CNTs长度的两倍。     

Vacuum Arc Discharge on Integrally Cold Cathode

Initial researches of the existence of a cathode spot on the working surface were conducted in vacuum arc plasma sources of the coaxial design. The moving of the cathode spots on the limited sizes working surface does not give full picture of the development of the arc discharge. This article describes the vacuum arc plasma source of extended design generating the directed belt plasma stream and operating in pulse mode. The researches carried out give additional information about development of the cathode spots of the vacuum arc discharge. It is found that the speed of the cathode spots' motion depends on the cathode temperature.     

碳弧法制备碳包铁纳米颗粒的研究

用直汉碳弧法制备碳包铁纳米颗粒,应用透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）、Ｘ射线衍射分析（ＸＲＤ）和穆斯堡尔谱学进行研究,结果表明,当阳极复合棒中为纯铁粉加石墨粉时,出现３种碳包铁纳米颗粒：α－Ｆｅ,渗碳体（Ｆｅ３Ｃ）和奥氏体;当阳极复合棒中为Ｆｅ２Ｏ３加石墨粉时,出现４种碳包铁纳米颗粒：α－Ｆｅ,渗碳体,奥氏体和ＦｅＯ。它们的尺寸大小在５～５０ｎｍ范围。     

玄武岩纤维表面生长碳纳米管及其复合材料性能的研究

针对玄武岩纤维(CBF)表面光滑且惰性,在与树脂基体复合制备复合材料时二者结合能力较低的问题,采用化学镀镍在玄武岩纤维表面均匀加载镍催化剂,借助化学气相沉积(CVD)生长碳纳米管(CNTs)。用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、拉曼光谱(Raman)等方法对生长的CNTs进行表征,并测试复合材料的界面剪切强度。结果表明化学镀镍工艺能在CBF表面均匀加载镍催化剂,有利于CVD生长CNTs。工艺最佳条件为施镀时间15min、500℃下生长10min,此条件下生长的CNTs整齐排列在CBF表面,结晶性较好且呈中空管状。采用生长了CNTs的CBF制备复合材料的界面强度提高了10%。     

Structural Investigation of Catalytically Grown Carbon Nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) having diameters in the range of 30–50 nm and few micrometers in length were synthesized in one step through a chemical-reduction route under autogenous pressure of H₂/CO₂. The synthesized materials prepared under different experimental conditions were characterized using different techniques. Results showed that V₂O₅ used as a catalyst for the nucleation of CNTs become carburized to vanadium carbide (V₈C₇) and provides a site for growth of CNTs. At high temperature, carbide particles thus formed become encapsulated at the tip of nanotube followed by the growth of CNTs through the tip-growth mechanism. Thermogravimetric analysis results showed that the CNTs obtained after the longer reaction time are more stable at high temperatures. Raman analysis showed a well-ordered graphite structure.     

电泳法制备碳纳米管场发射阴极的研究

利用传统的电泳方法,在玻璃基片上成功地制备了场发射用碳纳米管阴极薄膜.用扫描电子显微镜和拉曼光谱观察了薄膜的形貌和结构,并测试了所制备的薄膜阴极的场发射特性.实验结果表明在玻璃的银浆导电层上沉积了一层较薄而均匀的碳纳米管膜,其场发射特性与丝网印刷工艺制备的阴极有相似甚至更佳的性能,具有更好的发射均匀性.采用电泳方法制备场发射阴极具有简单易行,成本低廉等优势,可以避免丝网印刷工艺带来的有机杂质污染和发射不均匀等问题.     

对苯二甲酸表面修饰多壁碳纳米管的研究

选用苯二甲酸(TPA)为改性剂,通过酯化反应对多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)进行了表面修饰,讨论了MWNT的用量、反应温度及反应时间对修饰效果的影响,通过红外光谱(IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)表征了样品的形貌与结构。结果表明,MWNT用量为11.76%(质量分数)、反应温度为145℃、反应时间为5h时,TPA对MWNT的修饰效果最好。     

Improving Surface Property of Carbon Nanotube Grown Carbon Fiber by Oxidization Post-treatment

Applied Composite Materials - Oxidization treatment has been successfully applied on carbon nanotubes grown carbon fiber (CNTs-CF) to improve the surface activity and the interfacial property of...     

Carbon Nanotubes Grown by RF Heating and Their Morphological and Structural Properties

Multiwall and single-wall carbon nanotubes were synthesized on Fe-Co/CaCO₃ and a Fe-Co/MgO catalyst system, respectively, by using two different catalytic chemical vapor deposition methods, external furnace (EF) heating and radio frequency (RF) excitation. The carbon nanotubes synthesized with radio frequency excitation have a smaller outer diameter, fewer layers (smaller outer/inner diameter ratio), and better crystalline properties than the nanotubes grown with external furnace heating. The radio frequency process was found to be responsible for a faster growth rate of the carbon nanotubes over longer periods of time due to a higher localized heating. These findings can be explained by the skin currents induced in the metallic catalytic clusters, which keep the catalysts active for longer periods of time and diminish the amount of noncrystalline carbon formed in the synthesis process.     

微阴极电弧推力器放电特性研究

相对于大型卫星, 微纳卫星具有模块化、发射灵活、可编队飞行等特点。微阴极电弧推力器 (μ-CAT) 是一种适用于微纳卫星的推进装置, 具有体积小、质量轻、功耗小等特点。本文分析了μ-CAT的工作原理, 对推力器结构进行了设计, 并利用高真空电推进实验平台, 完成了对推力器放电特性实验装置的搭建。在高真空条件下对μ-CAT进行了点火试验, 测试了推力器放电时的伏安特性曲线, 分析了单脉冲周期的电压电流变化规律。随后分别在有无外加磁场的条件下, 采用法拉第探针测量了μ-CAT等离子体离子电流空间分布情况, 实验结果表明磁场具有减小等离子体羽流发散角的作用。研究工作可为后续推力器放电参数优化设计和羽流测量工作提供理论指导。     

旋涂法制备碳纳米管阴极及其场发射性能的测试

采用Y2O3和Ni 作催化剂,在H2和He混合气体气氛下通过弧光放电法得到高纯度的单壁碳纳米管.在用热氧化提纯法对高纯度碳纳米管产物进行进一步提纯后,用这种碳纳米管粉末与酒精配制成悬浮液,通过旋涂、干燥、退火等工艺得到碳纳米管阴极薄膜.I-V测试表明用该法得到的碳纳米管薄膜具有良好的电子场致发射性能.     

Synthesis of Heterogenous Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in a Carbon Arc in Water

Boron-doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were generated by arc discharge in water by using B-doped graphite electrodes. The product morphology was studied by SEM and HRTEM microscopy. The electronic features were determinated by Raman and EELS spectroscopy. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) was used to evaluate the temperature and C₂ content distributions in arc plasma.     

Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Catalytically Grown from Amorphous Silica Films Deposited by Combustion CVD

Homogeneous mixtures containing iron oxide and amorphous SiO₂ were obtained through the co-deposition of these oxides via combustion chemical vapor deposition technique (CCVD). This technique allows the deposition of thin films with low-cost precursors and equipments. After deposition, the deposited samples were submitted to a heat treatment in an atmosphere composed of natural gas and H₂ at 1000°C, in order to promote the growth of carbon nanotubes. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes, with diameters smaller than 15 nm, were obtained.     

催化剂加载对连续碳纤维表面生长碳纳米管的影响

通过化学气相沉积(CVD)在碳纤维表面还原得到均匀细小的催化剂颗粒并在碳纤维表面催化生长了均匀、规整的碳纳米管(CNTs)。系统研究了催化剂种类以及浓度对碳纳米管产量和微观组织结构的影响,探究了碳纤维的浸润性能和单丝强度的变化。结果表明,Ni的催化活性最高,Co的催化活性适中,产生的CNTs较为均匀、规整,当催化剂浓度为0.02mol/L时,碳纤维表面生长CNTs多尺度增强体的拉伸强度最大。碳纤维表面生长CNTs,促使碳纤维的表面粗糙度增加,与树脂之间的结合变强,从而提高了碳纤维与环氧树脂之间的浸润性。     

Liquid Phase Formation on Graphite Electrode Surface in Arc Discharge

The graphite electrode surface is studied after impact by an electric arc burning in an argon atmosphere at a pressure of 50 kPa. The arc occurred as a result of the local destruction of a graphite rod heated by electric current and preliminarily kept for 2 × 10³ s at a temperature of about 3 kK. After the arc discharge with a current of about 100 A with a duration within 1 s, we found drop-like particles, 0.1–0.3 mm in size, on the graphite electrode surface, which is evidence of the local occurrence of liquid carbon phase at a temperature of about 3.3 kK. With longer arc burning, the melting zone propagated over the entire working surface of the electrodes; the surface became smoothed.