Detection of Buckminsterfullerene in Usual Soots and Commercial Charcoals

It was confirmed that soot produced by free burning of small hydrocarbons like benzene and cyclohexane generally contains less than 0.1 ppm of C₆₀. Small, but measurable amounts of C₆₀ were found in two samples of charcoal, providing the first indication of fullerene formation in the solid state.     

Friedel-Crafts Reactions of Buckminsterfullerene

Buckminsterfullerene reects with aromatic benzene derivatives in the presence of Lewis acids such as aluminum trichloride or aluminum tribromide to give Friedel-Crafts fullerenation products. Polyhalogenated fullerenes also react with aromatic compounds to afford fullerylated aromatic compound under the Friedel-Crafts reaction conditions.     

The Dissection of Buckminsterfullerene into Cyclocarbons

The cyclocarbons C_n are potential precursors for the controlled synthesis of specific fullerenes. The dissection of buckminsterfullerene (I_h-C₆₀) into monocyclic rings shows that the I_h-C₆₀ cage can indeed be formed from such rings without invoking any bond breaking/rearrangement processes. The closure of cyclo-C₆₀ to I_h-C₆₀ can be achieved in sixteen distinct ways, whereas the dimerisation and closure of cyclo-C₃₀ has a unique geometry.     

The Interaction of Buckminsterfullerene with Gamma-Cyclodextrin

During the past few years many papers were published on the gamma-cyclodextrin—C₆₀ interaction. These described different procedures for the synthesis of a 2:1 inclusion complex, which can be prepared in solid form and exists in solution only in the presence of high cyclo-dextrin excess as a magenta coloured solution or as a yellowish brown colloid both being metastable. The magenta solution may be stable for half a year at room temperature, then its transformation into a yellowish colloidal solution along with the formation of a brown precipitate proceeds within a few weeks. On longer boiling of the solutions, the partial oxidation of fullerene with the formation of fullerol seems to be probable.     

Direct and Catalytic Hydrogenation of Buckminsterfullerene C60

C₆₀H₁₈ was obtained by direct hydrogenation of C₆₀ at 400 C and 80 atm C₆₀ was hydrogenated to C₆₀H₃₆ as a main product in the presence of Pd/C catalyst at 180C and 30-70 atm. C₆₀H₃₆ is unstable in dichloromethane and some other organic solvents.     

Direct and Catalytic Hydrogenation of Buckminsterfullerene C60

Abstract

C₆₀H₁₈ was obtained by direct hydrogenation of C₆₀ at 400 C and 80 atm C₆₀ was hydrogenated to C₆₀H₃₆ as a main product in the presence of Pd/C catalyst at 180C and 30–70 atm. C₆₀H₃₆ is unstable in dichloromethane and some other organic solvents.     

The First Predictions in the Buckminsterfullerene Crystal Ball

In 1990, almost exactly five years after it was discovered serendipitously during a series of graphite laser vaporization experiments, designed to simulate the chemistry in a red giant carbon star, C₆₀ Buckminsterfullerene has been isolated in macroscopic amounts. This breakthrough has triggered an explosion of research and the molecule has already exhibited a wide range of novel phenomena which promise exciting applications. In addition to the intense experimental interest in its physicochemical properties, C₆₀ has been particularly fascinating to theoreticians, indeed in 1970 its likely stability was predicted some fifteen years before its discovery. Some of the early theoretical contributions to the fullerene story are surveyed below.     

Small-Angle Neutron Scattering and Photon Correlation Spectroscopy Investigation on Buckminsterfullerene Solutions

Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) and Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (PCS) findings on Buckminsterfullerene (C₆₀) solutions are presented. The analysis of SANS data allows to characterize the shape and to determine the value of the gyration radius of C₆₀ dissolved in CS₂, a solvent capable to guarantee a good contrast for the neutron probe. We obtained information about the conformation of fullerene in solution, and, by means of comparisons with experimental and theoretical data existing in literature, we found a confirmation that the gyration radius R_g is independent on concentration. PCS measurements were performed on fullerene/organic solvents (toluene, chloroform and CCl₄) solutions. Since the diffusion coefficient is related, through the Stokes-Einstein relation, to the scatterer hydrodynamic radius, R_H, we have obtained information about the conformation of fullerene in solution and about the character of the structural and hydrodynamic interaction.     

A Survey of the Research Areas Related to Buckminsterfullerene

A survey of early basic research on buckminsterfullerene shows that many areas of reseach converged toward C⁶⁰ and the other fullerenes. The research on fullerenes as materials suggests a number of possible applications.     

Amination of Buckminsterfullerene C60 at Low Temperature: Application in Polyamide Synthesis

Addition of diamines to C₆₀ was performed under different conditions.; it proceeded efficiently at low temperatures. Reaction of the adducts with dicarboxylic acid derivatives produced polyamides. Interaction between amines and C₆₀ was studied by molecular modeling.     

扭力天平常见故障及调修

对扭力天平在使用中经常出现的故障进行一下总结,并进一步探讨故障的调修方法。     

Amination of Buckminsterfullerene C60 at Low Temperature: Application in Polyamide Synthesis

Abstract

Addition of diamines to C₆₀ was performed under different conditions.; it proceeded efficiently at low temperatures. Reaction of the adducts with dicarboxylic acid derivatives produced polyamides. Interaction between amines and C₆₀ was studied by molecular modeling.     

电子信箱的可用性实验研究

本研究采用认知走查和绩效评估的方法,研究了22名在校大学生使用163和Yahoo!两个常用电子信箱的操作和主观评价。研究表明：（1）此两个信箱可用性共同的问题有：用户都不知道如何在发送信件时将信件保存到＂已发送＂子目录中;（2）163信箱的可用性问题主要有：网络硬盘和记事本两个功能多余,在添加联系人时,163信箱只提供了常规模式添加联系人;（3）Yahoo!信箱的可用性问题主要有：用户在写信时无法找到通讯录,在通讯录中每个联系人的＂姓＂和＂名＂是分开的,这非常不符合中国人的习惯;（4）总的说来,163信箱的可用性程度整体上高于Yahoo!信箱。     

生物传感用巨磁电阻传感器及其磁珠检测性能

本文采用直流磁控溅射沉积了结构为NiFeCo(缓冲层)/[Cu/NiFeCo]×10/ Ta,巨磁电阻(GMR)值为9.8%的多层膜,利用微细加工技术制备了基于此GMR多层膜的生物传感器,GMR电阻线条的线宽分别为3μm和5μm.测试了单个GMR传感器的特性,并将该传感器件和外接可调电阻组成惠斯通电桥,采用该GMR电桥对Dynal公司的MyOne磁珠进行了检测.分别测试了施加变化垂直磁场和施加间歇式恒定垂直磁场时GMR电桥信号对传感器表面覆盖磁珠的响应,研究了GMR电桥信号和磁珠覆盖率的关系.选用器件电阻线宽分别为3μm和5μm的传感器测试了器件线宽对传感器灵敏度的影响.结果表明,GMR传感器能够检测到磁珠的存在,最低能检测的磁珠数量约100个,且GMR电桥信号与磁珠覆盖率基本成正比,器件的灵敏度与传感器线宽基本成反比.     

Transfer doping of diamond: Buckminsterfullerene on hydrogenated, hydroxylated, and oxygenated diamond surfaces

A monolayer of buckminsterfullerene (C₆₀) has been modelled on hydrogenated, hydroxylated (–OH-terminated), and oxygenated diamond surfaces using ab-initio, density-functional-theory calculations, with a view to assessing the likelihood of transfer doping in each case. The C₆₀ layer is predicted to spontaneously extract electrons from the hydrogenated surface, although on the hydroxylated surface there is an energy gap of ∼1 eV preventing a similar electron transfer. With the fully oxygenated surface, there is a gap to electron transfer of ∼4 eV, effectively prohibiting the transfer-doping effect. In each case, the molecule causes only very little disturbance to the substrate, although chemical reaction remains a significant possibility.     

房间空调器使用中的几个常见问题

房间空调器的使用造成了视觉污染、凝结水的随意排放、室内空气品质以及能耗等一系列所面临要解决的问题,本文针对房间空调器使用过程中所带来的环境和能耗问题,分别提出了解决办法。     

空调系统某些常见的问题分析

通过参加广州的几个空调系统调查和测试，对空调系统中某些常见的问题，进行分析总结，这些问题将会或已经造成空调系统故障的出现，或使空调的效率大幅降低，增加能耗，希望引起空调设计人员和运行管理人员的注意。     

Unusual Kinetic Properties of Usual Heusler Alloys

Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism - The review considers various groups of Heusler compounds, which can have the properties of a semiconductor, a half-metallic ferromagnet, a spin...     

Organosilicon Derivatives of Buckminsterfullerene (C60): First Preparation of A Fullerene Silirane

C₆₀ reacts with photochemically generated bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)silylene (1) to give adducts, 2-4, as the isolable products. Spectroscopic analysis and theoretical investigation strongly support the silirane structure 2a, and not the isomeric 1,6-silamethano[10]annulene 2b.     

烟草水份仪常见故障及校准方法

本文主要介绍了专用计量器具烟草水份仪常见故障的排除及校准方法。