48例Binswanger病血液流变学分析

本文调查了48例Binswanger病血液流变学10项指标，并与44例正常老年人及47例脑梗塞患者作对照。结果表明；（1）Binswanger病组全血粘度、血浆高切粘度、血沉、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞刚性指数、血沉方程K值、全血还原粘度显著高于正常对照组（P＜0．001）；全血粘度、血浆高切粘度、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞刚性指数、全血还原粘度与脑梗塞组相似。（2）Binswanger病组红细胞变形指数明显低于正常对照组（P＜0．001），但显著高于脑梗塞组（P＜0．01）。结论：Binswanger病患者血液流变学处于一种高粘状态。     

高粘滞血症血液流变学特征与舌诊关系研究

目的：观察高粘滞血症（HVS）的血液流变学特征与舌诊相互关系。方法：血液流变学检测同时，于自然光线下观察记录舌象。结果：复合性HVS大部分血流变学指标较单纯性HVS为高（P＜0．01～0．001）。单纯性HVS以红细胞压积和红细胞聚集增高为特征，复合性HVS还伴有血浆粘度增高和其它几型粘滞因素升高的趋势。舌象结果显示，HVS可伴有不同程度的舌质和舌苔的异常。经治疗，血液流变学指标改善后，舌质舌苔也部分地好转。结论：舌质的异常改变是HVS的一个重要标志，与血液流变学参数异常改变密切相关。     

精神分裂症患者血液流变学及血小板聚集功能观察

目的 探讨氯丙嗪治疗对精神分裂症（SP）患者血液流变学特性及血小板聚集功能的影响。方法 对53例患者于氯丙嗪治疗前后作简明精神病量表（BPRS）评定及血液流变学和血小板聚集功能测定并与对照组比较。结果 精神分裂症患者治疗前,全血表观粘度高切（200s^-1)、中切（30s^-1)、低切（3s^-1 )、红细胞压积（Hct)、纤维蛋白原浓度（Fg)、红细胞电泳时间、血小板1min聚集率（PAR1)、5min聚集率（PAR5）和最大聚集率（PARM）显著高于对照组（P＜0．01）,血沉（ESR）和血浆粘度与对照组比较无显著性改变（P＞0．05）。氯丙嗪治疗1个月后,BPRS评分下降（P＜0．01）,全血高切粘度、中切粘度、低切粘度、Hct、Fg和红细胞电泳时间显著下降（P＜0．01,P＜0．05）,血浆粘度、ESR和血小板PAR1无显著性改变（P＞0．05）,PAR5和PARM显著增高（P＜0．01）。结论 氯丙嗪治疗可改善精神分裂症患者血液学高粘滞状态,但能使血小板内源性聚集功能增强。     

高血压病患者眼底血管造影定量分析与血液流变学的关系

对高血压病不同时期患者共80例进行了眼底视网膜荧光血管造影定量分析和血液流变学检查。结果显示：随着高血压分期级别的增加，眼底血管造影定量指标：动脉显影时间、静脉充盈时间、毛细血管交换时间增加．毛细血管密度减少，血液流变学指标：全血比粘度、血球压积、红细胞电泳时间、红细胞聚集指数、全血还原比粘度也增加，并且血管造影定量值与血液流变学指标有显著相关性（r＝0．312～0．626P＜0．05和0．01）。提示高血压靶器官损害下不但表现在微血管血液动力学方面，而且血液流变学也有改变，它们共同造成靶器官损害。     

金纳多改善冠心病高粘状态的临床观察

将冠心病伴血液高粘状态60例随机分为（1）对照组：用常规药物治疗；（2）金纳多组：在常规治疗基础上加用金纳多。对照组总有效率73．3％。金纳多组总有效率是90．1％（P＜0．01）。发现金纳多组红细胞压积明显降低（P＜0．01），血浆粘度及血小板聚集率降低，血浆纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物（PAI）活性降低，血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（t－PA）活性升高。在高放大倍数布氏显微镜视野下，用药后血小板呈解聚集状态。结果揭示：金纳多能明显改善冠心病时的高粘状态，尤其在抑制血小板聚集方面作用明显，并且无副作用，是临床有前途的防治冠心病药物。     

紫苏不同部位提取物对大鼠血液流变性的影响

研究了紫苏不同部位（苏叶、苏子、苏梗）提取物对血液流变学参数的影响，为药物开发和临床应用提供实验依据。实验结果表明：紫苏不同部位提取物都能显著降低低切时（10s^-1）的全血黏度、红细胞聚集指数和红细胞电泳指数（P〈0．05），并能极显著降低低切时的全血还原黏度（P〈0．01）；苏叶、苏梗提取物能显著降低红细胞变形指数（P〈0．05），而苏子提取物对红细胞变形指数无显著影响；苏子、苏梗提取物能显著降低血浆黏度（P〈0．05），而苏叶提取物则不能降低血浆黏度；阿司匹林对照组只能显著降低低切时（10s^-1）全血还原黏度和血浆黏度（P〈0．05）。紫苏不同部位提取物对中切和高切时（60^-1，120s^-1）的全血黏度和全血还原黏度、红细胞压积、红细胞刚性指数、纤维蛋白原含量无显著影响（P〉0．05）。     

高血压和冠心病患者的血液流变性研究

本文对245名高血压和冠心病患者进行血液流变学、纤维蛋白原和血脂测定。结果表明，患者的全血粘度（ηb）、血浆粘度（ηp）、血沉（ESR）、K值、红细胞电泳时间（ET）、纤维蛋白原（Fg）、胆固醇（TC）和甘油三酯（TG）含量均大于或高于正常人（P＜0．01）。高血压的ESR，K值和TG高于冠心病，差异显著（P＜0．01），其它指标相似。高血压的各项指标与高血压合并冠心病比较无差异（P＞0．05）；而高血压合并冠心病的ESR，K值和TG值显著高于冠心病（P＜0．05）。TC有所增加（P＜0．05）。     

糖尿病的血液流变性改变与其微循环障碍的关系

目的：探讨糖尿病血液流变性与微循环的关系。方法：检测35例糖尿病患者甲壁微循环、血液流变指标，与35例正常人对照。结果：（1）非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（NIDDM）组全血高、低切粘度和高、低切还原粘度及血浆粘度均显著高于对照组（P＜0．01～0．001），而胰岛素依赖性糖尿病（IDDM）组上述各粘度指标仅轻度增高（P＞0．05）；（2）糖尿病各组及不同并发症组均有微循环血流减慢，红细胞刚性增高、电泳率降低、聚集性增强，白色微血栓等指标显著异常（P＜0.05～0.001）；（3）NIDDM组及并发症组微血管畸形数增多，管袢长度增加，微血管周围有明显渗出及出血等形态和管周指标的改变（P＜0.05～0.001）。结论：（1）各型糖尿病患者均有不同程度微循环障碍及血液流变性异常。（2）甲襞微循环障碍与血液流变性异常有一定的相关性。     

β—七叶皂甙钠抗肢体缺血再灌注损伤的作用

目的：观察β-七叶皂甙钠对肢体缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用，方法：建立兔肢体缺血再灌注损伤动物模型。实验分对照组，再灌注组和治疗组，观察各组动物血液流变学和微循环的变化，结果：再灌注组和对照组比较，血液流变学异常和微循环障碍导致各项指标差异明显（P＜0．01）。β-七叶皂甙钠可降低全血粘管度、血浆粘度和红细胞聚集指数，提高微血管张力和血流速度，减少白细胞粘附和白色微栓形成，治疗组与再灌注组比较，各项指标改善明显（P＜0．01，P＜0．05）。 结论：β-七叶皂甙钠可减轻肢体缺血再灌注损伤，对骼肌有保护作用。     

氦—氖激光血管内照射改善妊高征患者血液粘度的临床观察

目的：探讨低能量He－Ne激光血管内照射血液（ILIB）改善妊高征患者血粘度与临床疗效的关系。方法：对35例妊高征病例采用ILIB治疗，观察治疗前后血液流变学的改变，以及血压、头痛、头晕等症状的变化。结果：治疗后全血粘度均下降（P＜0．01或P＜0．05），收缩压，舒张压下降明显（P＜0．01），临床症状改善明显。结论：ILIB能显著降低妊高征患者的血粘度，同时降低血压，改善临床症状。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.     

A comparative study of the effects of dimebon,obsidan, finoptin,and cordaron on the functional state of ischemic focus and size of necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction

Dimebon, an antihistamine agent, exerts a moderate antianginal effect, improving the function of ischemic focus in the myocardium and decreasing the necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction. Dimebon is less active than obsidan, finoptin (except for the size of the necrotic zone), and cordaron. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 642–644, December, 1996     

Effects of sex steroid hormones on lipid peroxidation and glutathione antioxidant system in rat skin

Effects of estradiol and testosterone on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and contents of glutathione redox system components in the dermis and epidermis of rat skin were studied. Only estradiol induced considerable dose-dependent and tissue-specific biphasic antioxidant effects on the skin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 663–666, December, 1999     

Adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells on surface-modified PEEK substrata

A series of surface-functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films has been prepared by selective wet-chemistry; they are hydroxylated polymer (PEEK-OH) obtained by reduction, aminated polymer (PEEK-[]-NH2) prepared by coupling a diisocyanate reagent to PEEKOH (PEEK-[]-NCO) followed by hydrolysis, and carboxylated and aminocarboxylated polymers (PEEK-[]-GABA and PEEK-Lysine) resulting from the coupling of aminoacids to PEEK-[]-NCO. The aminated and carboxylated substrata promoted the adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells in the presence of serum. Fibronectin (FN), an extra-cellular matrix protein, has been covalently fixed and/or adsorbed on various PEEK substrata, in the presence or not of a polymeric surfactant (Pluronic F68). The performances of the FN-grafted substrata (PEEK-[]-FN(1) and PEEK-[]-FN(2)) were significantly higher than those of reference substrata simply coated with FN (PEEK-OH(+FN)(1) and (2), PEEK-[]-NH2(+FN)(1) and (2)), considering the adhesion and spreading of CaCo2 cells in the absence of serum. Moreover, the stability of the adherent cells on the FN-adsorbed substrata dramatically depended on the experimental conditions applied during the PEEK coating with FN.     

THE ODYSSEY – A JUNGIAN PERSPECTIVE: INDIVIDUATION AND MEETING WITH THE ARCHETYPES OF THE COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS

Homer's epic tale of the 20-year return of Odysseus from the Trojan War is investigated with particular reference to Jung's theory of individuation. Odysseus' meetings with 'the anima' in the form of goddesses, sirens and female monsters and his visit to Hades demonstrate the confrontation and humanization of aspects of the archetypal level of the psyche, central to Jung's theories of psychic growth and development. Jung's important ideas of the psychoid level and the transcendent function are explored and linked both to his investigations into medieval alchemy and with findings from contemporary neuroscience. The importance of Jung's constructive method of the interpretation of dreams and myths is shown to be central.