斑马鱼HO1基因的表达特征及功能研究

实验对血红素加氧酶1（HO1）在斑马鱼发育中的功能进行了研究。多重序列比对结果显示,斑马鱼HO1与哺乳类、鸟类及其他鱼类的HO1氨基酸序列的总体相似性为44.1%86.8%,血红素结合标签相似性为87.5%95.8%。对斑马鱼早期胚胎和成鱼各组织进行RT-PCR检测,结果显示HO1转录本母源存在,HO1 mRNA的表达水平在尾芽期前较低,到咽囊期迅速上升并稳定在较高水平。HO1基因在斑马鱼成鱼多个组织中均有表达,在肝脏、脾、鳃、肾中的表达量较高。WISH结果显示,HO1基因在斑马鱼胚胎的卵黄合胞层、眼和血液中的表达量较高。利用超表达和基因敲降技术发现,注射HO1 mRNA使HO1基因过表达对斑马鱼早期胚胎发育无明显影响。注射HO1 MO使HO1基因表达抑制可导致斑马鱼胚胎出现发育迟缓、围心腔水肿、尾部消失等不同程度的畸形。HO1 MO导致的斑马鱼胚胎发育异常可被HO1 mRNA回复。利用Real-Time PCR研究发现,HO1基因表达抑制可导致IGF1表达量显著下降,IGFBP1表达量显著升高。这些结果表明斑马鱼HO1基因可通过调节IGF信号途径调控胚胎的正常发育。       

草鱼两个肌肉生长抑制素cDNA克隆、表达及过量表达对胚胎发育的影响

肌肉生长抑制素(MSTN)是抑制肌肉生长和发育的重要生长调控因子.通过cDNA末端快速扩增法(RACE)克隆草鱼MSTN-1型和MSTN-2型全长cDNA.RT-PCR分析结果表明,MSTN-1在草鱼肌肉、脑和眼中的转录量较高,在肝胰脏、脾脏和心的转录量较低,在肠、腮、性腺和肾中无表达;MSTN-2只在脑和肌内中有表达.在草鱼胚胎发育的0-36 hpf期间,MSTN-1的转录量较低;在胚胎发育的36-48 hpf期间,其转录量呈逐渐升高的趋势;MSTN-2各时相均无表达,可能因为该基因在草鱼胚胎发育过程中不起重要作用.通过分别显微注射MSTN-1型和MSTN-2型mRNA至斑马鱼1-2细胞期胚胎.结果显示,注射MSTN-1型mRNA过表达可导致斑马鱼体节发生期胚胎的前-后轴拉长,背-腹轴变短,脊索轻微扭曲,以及体节发育受到强烈抑制而不分化等现象.注射MSTN-2型mRNA胚胎早期发育有所延迟并未发生明显变化,但发育至60h之后尾部明显发生严重弯曲.     

斑马鱼 HO1 基因的表达特征及功能研究简

实验对血红素加氧酶1(HO1)在斑马鱼发育中的功能进行了研究。多重序列比对结果显示,斑马鱼HO1与哺乳类、鸟类及其他鱼类的HO1氨基酸序列的总体相似性为44.1%—86.8%,血红素结合标签相似性为87.5%—95.8%。对斑马鱼早期胚胎和成鱼各组织进行RT-PCR检测,结果显示HO1转录本母源存在,HO1mRNA的表达水平在尾芽期前较低,到咽囊期迅速上升并稳定在较高水平。HO1基因在斑马鱼成鱼多个组织中均有表达,在肝脏、脾、鳃、肾中的表达量较高。WISH结果显示,HO1基因在斑马鱼胚胎的卵黄合胞层、眼和血液中的表达量较高。利用超表达和基因敲降技术发现,注射HO1 mRNA使HO1基因过表达对斑马鱼早期胚胎发育无明显影响。注射HO1 MO使HO1基因表达抑制可导致斑马鱼胚胎出现发育迟缓、围心腔水肿、尾部消失等不同程度的畸形。HO1 MO导致的斑马鱼胚胎发育异常可被HO1 mRNA回复。利用Real-Time PCR研究发现,HO1基因表达抑制可导致IGF1表达量显著下降,IGFBP1表达量显著升高。这些结果表明斑马鱼HO1基因可通过调节IGF信号途径调控胚胎的正常发育。     

二氢叶酸还原酶基因在斑马鱼神经系统发育过程中的作用

目的观察二氢叶酸还原酶基因(DHFR)功能阻抑斑马鱼胚胎的颅脑部发育情况,初步探讨二氢叶酸还原酶基因在斑马鱼神经系统发育过程中的作用。方法采用显微注射吗啡啉修饰的反义核苷酸(MO)的方法进行DHFR表达阻抑。胚胎发育至受精后48hpf观察胚胎的颅部发育情况,在60hpf时经石蜡切片进一步观察胚胎的脑发育状况。利用胚胎整体原位杂交的方法检测影响神经系统发育的关键因子ngn1和huc的表达情况。结果显微注射MO可成功的进行DHFR表达阻抑。DHFR表达阻抑组胚胎存在颅脑部发育明显异常和ngn1、huc的表达强度明显减弱,且与显微注射的MO剂量呈正相关。结论DHFR在斑马鱼颅脑发育中有重要作用;其功能阻抑可导致胚胎颅脑部发育异常,其机理与ngn1和huc的的表达减弱有关。     

Sema4d基因在斑马鱼早期发育过程中的表达

目的:研究sema(semaphorin)4d基因在斑马鱼早期发育过程中的表达.方法:提取斑马鱼胚胎的总RNA,制备地高辛标记的sema4d RNA反义探针,WISH(整胚胎原位杂交)研究sema4d在斑马鱼早期发育过程中的表达.结果:成功合成sema4d基因探针,获得sema4d基因在斑马鱼早期发育过程中的表达情况:sema4d在0.75 hpf(hours post fertilization)、1.0 hpf、1.5 hpf、12 hpf前普遍性表达;17 hpf开始至24 hpf在头部表达较多,在脊髓、肌肉、中间细胞群ICM(intermediate cell mass)区处有特异性表达区处有特异性表达;48 hpf在头部和躯干肌肉持续表达.结论:Sema4d在早期参与了造血的发生,在脑部,脊髓,肌肉的发育中可能起到了重要作用.     

斑马鱼胚胎发育过程中FGF3基因的表达

为了解斑马鱼胚胎发育过程中FGF3基因的时空性表达情况,并探讨其对胚胎发育的调控作用,该研究分别提取2,4,8,12,24,36,48,72hpf斑马鱼胚胎的总RNA,经逆转录成cDNA,实时荧光定量PcR检测FGF3基因mRNA表达量;扩增FGF3基因特异片段,构建pGEM-T／FGF3基因片段重组质粒,经克隆及测序验证后,合成地高辛标记的反义RNA探针,以整体原位杂交法检测斑马鱼胚胎FGF3基因的空间性表达。结果显示：FGF3P基因在2hp胚胎就有表达,并持续至胚胎孵化,12hpf胚胎FGF3表达量达到高峰（P〈0．01）;胚胎发育过程中心表达部位以头、尾、咽弓为主。由此得出结论,FGF3主要在胚胎发育早期表达,其表达可能与胚胎脑、眼、耳、咽弓及尾部器官的发育调控有关。     

斑马鱼胚胎发育过程中TGF-1基因的表达特征分析

为研究转化生长因子 (Transforming growth factor , TGF)1对斑马鱼胚胎发育的调控作用, 通过NCBI获得TGF-1基因序列, TGF-1 cDNA全长1571 bp, 编码377个氨基酸。系统进化树分析发现, TGF-蛋白按照不同的类型严格聚类, 斑马鱼TGF-1与其他鱼类的TGF-1聚集到一个分支, 在进化中非常保守。对斑马鱼胚胎进行RT-PCR和Real-Time PCR检测显示, TGF-1基因为母源表达基因, 在分节期之前的表达水平比较低, 而从咽囊期开始持续高水平的表达。胚胎整体原位杂交发现, TGF-1基因在斑马鱼24 hpf 胚胎中开始有特异信号出现, TGF-1基因的表达主要分布在腮弓、侧线原基、耳囊、嗅觉基板、心脏和前肾等处, 表明TGF-1基因可能参与斑马鱼胚胎免疫调节、循环系统发育和侧线形成。用低氧处理斑马鱼胚胎, 发现低氧处理24h后斑马鱼胚胎发育延迟。利用Real-Time PCR和胚胎整体原位杂交检测发现, 低氧处理后发育延迟的斑马鱼胚胎中TGF-1 mRNA表达量较常氧组显著降低。以上结果表明, TGF-1基因参与斑马鱼胚胎发育调控, 并且可能与低氧处理后斑马鱼胚胎发育延迟有关。研究结果将为深入研究斑马鱼TGF-1基因的功能奠定基础。       

团头鲂MSTN基因cDNA结构、表达及过表达对胚胎发育的影响

研究通过cDNA末端快速扩增法(RACE)克隆得到团头鲂生长抑制素(MSTN)基因的cDNA全长并分析了MSTN基因在团头鲂胚胎、成鱼组织中表达以及MSTN基因在胚胎中过表达情况。结果表明团头鲂MSTN基因的cDNA全长为2187 bp, ORF(开放阅读框)大小为1128 bp, 编码376个氨基酸。组织逆转录PCR (RT-PCR)结果显示, MSTN基因在肌肉、脑和精巢组织中大量表达, 肝脏、脾脏和卵巢组织中的少量表达, 肠、腮、心、眼和肾组织中的微量表达。胚胎逆转录PCR (RT-PCR)结果显示, 在0—44 hpf胚胎发育阶段, MSTN基因表达量较低; 而在48—52 hpf胚胎发育阶段, MSTN基因表达量逐渐升高。整胚原位杂交(WISH)结果显示, 胚胎发育的16 hpf时期MSTN基因主要在脊索中表达, 胚胎发育的28 hpf和55 hpf时期MSTN基因在脑中表达。MSTN基因过表达结果显示, 胚胎在体节发生期出现前-后轴拉长, 背-腹轴变短; 脊索发生扭曲, 强烈抑制体节发育而导致不分化等现象。研究为后续团头鲂MSTN基因的功能研究及团头鲂分子育种提供相关参考依据。     

斑马鱼ftr56基因克隆表达及功能研究

为进一步了解硬骨鱼类特有的finTRIM (Fish novel tripartite motif, ftr)在斑马鱼(Danio rerio)抗病毒天然免疫中的作用, 研究克隆了斑马鱼ftr56基因并分析了其对鲤春病毒血症病毒(Spring viremia of carp virus, SVCV)增殖的抑制作用。根据NCBI中斑马鱼ftr56序列设计引物, 采用PCR方法, 扩增ftr56 CDS区, 连接至真核表达载体pcDNA4.0-His, 构建真核表达质粒pcDNA4.0-ftr56-His, 进行生物信息学分析。采用实时荧光定量PCR (qRT-PCR)技术检测SVCV感染斑马鱼胚胎成纤维细胞(ZF4)后ftr56 mRNA的变化。系统进化树分析显示, 斑马鱼FTR56单独聚为一支。氨基酸多序列比对结果显示, 其与黑猩猩、牛、鼠的TRIM56相似度为22%—23%。FTR56二级结构具有1个RING指结构域, 1个B-box结构域, 1个卷曲螺旋结构域和1个B30.0结构域。qRT-PCR检测结果显示, ftr56在SVCV感染后24h表达量显著上升。在过表达ftr56后, SVCV的G蛋白mRNA水平和蛋白水平在12h和24h相比对照组明显减少, 培养基上清中SVCV滴度也明显降低, 表明FTR56抑制SVCV的增殖。实验为进一步揭示finTRIM在鱼类病毒性疾病中的免疫调节机制提供参考。     

PP2A-A/在金鱼及斑马鱼发育中的分化表达模式

以金鱼和斑马鱼为研究对象,运用RT-PCR和Western Blot技术分析蛋白磷酸酶2A(PP2A)结构亚基A(PP2A-A/)在金鱼、斑马鱼成体9种组织和12个发育时期胚胎中mRNA和蛋白水平的表达情况,得到其分化表达模式为:(1)在mRNA水平上,PP2A-A/在金鱼、斑马鱼9种组织中具有较强表达;种属差异性和组织差异性均较大;结构亚基A的两亚型A和A的表达存在差异。(2)在蛋白水平上,PP2A-A/在金鱼、斑马鱼9种组织中均有表达;种属差异性不大但出现明显的组织差异性。(3)PP2A-A/mRNA在金鱼和斑马鱼卵裂期到囊胚期胚胎中大量存在,PP2A-AmRNA在金鱼眼色素期量剧增推测其对金鱼眼色素的形成至关重要。(4)PP2A-A/基因在金鱼、斑马鱼12个发育时期胚胎中均有较高水平的蛋白存在,提示其为维持胚胎的正常发育发挥重要作用。       

Epithelial Ca(2+) channel expression and Ca(2+) uptake in developing zebrafish

The purpose of the present work was to study the possible role of the epithelial Ca(2+) channel (ECaC) in the Ca(2+) uptake mechanism in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio). With rapid amplification of cDNA ends, full-length cDNA encoding the ECaC of zebrafish (zECaC) was cloned and sequenced. The cloned zECaC was 2,578 bp in length and encoded a protein of 709 amino acids that showed up to 73% identity with previously described vertebrate ECaCs. The zECaC was found to be expressed in all tissues examined and began to be expressed in the skin covering the yolk sac of embryos at 24 h postfertilization (hpf). zECaC-expressing cells expanded to cover the skin of the entire yolk sac after embryonic development and began to occur in the gill filaments at 96 hpf, and thereafter zECaC-expressing cells rapidly increased in both gills and yolk sac skin. Corresponding to ECaC expression profile, the Ca(2+) influx and content began to increase at 36-72 hpf. Incubating zebrafish embryos in low-Ca(2+) (0.02 mM) freshwater caused upregulation of the whole body Ca(2+) influx and zECaC expression in both gills and skin. Colocalization of zECaC mRNA and the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase alpha-subunit (a marker for mitochondria-rich cells) indicated that only a portion of the mitochondria-rich cells expressed zECaC mRNA. These results suggest that the zECaC plays a key role in Ca(2+) absorption in developing zebrafish.     

Expression and characterization of a brain-specific protein kinase BSK146 from zebrafish

We have previously identified a novel protein kinase, pk146, in the brain of Tetraodon. In the present study, we cloned the homologous protein kinase gene encoding a protein of 385 amino acid residues from zebrafish. The overall amino acid sequence and the kinase domain of zebrafish BSK146 shows 48% and 69% identity to that of rat sbk, a SH3-containing serine/threonine protein kinase. By whole-mount in situ hybridization and RT-PCR, the expression of bsk146 mRNA was mainly in the brain. To explore the in vivo function of BSK146 during zebrafish development, we used morpholino knockdown approach and found that BSK146 morphants displayed enlarged hindbrain ventricle and smaller eyes. Whole-mount in situ hybridization was further performed to analyze the brain defects in BSK146-MO-injected embryos. The expression of brain-specific markers, such as otx2, pax2.1, and krox20, was found normal in morphant embryos at 24hpf, while expression of pax2.1 exerted changes in midbrain-hindbrain boundary and hindbrain in morphant embryos at 48hpf. These data suggest that BSK146 may play an important role in later ventricle expansion in zebrafish brain development. Although the recombinant BSK146 protein produced in insect cells was active and could phosphorylate both histone H1 and histone 2B, the endogenous substrate of BSK146 in the embryonic brain of zebrafish is not clear at the present time and needs further investigation.     

Knockdown of two splice variants of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Iδ causes developmental abnormalities in zebrafish, Danio rerio

We isolated cDNA clones for zebrafish Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I (zCaMKI) δ isoforms by expression screening using cDNA library from embryos at 72-h post-fertilization (hpf). There are two splice variants with different C-terminal sequences, comprising of 392 and 368 amino acids, and they are designated zCaMKIδ-L (long form) and zCaMKIδ-S (short form), respectively. Although recombinant zCaMKIδ-L and zCaMKIδ-S expressed in Escherichia coli showed essentially the same catalytic properties including substrate specificities, they showed different spatial and temporal expression. Western blotting analysis using the isoform-specific antibodies revealed that zCaMKIδ-L clearly appeared from 36hpf but zCaMKIδ-S began to appear at 60hpf and thereafter. zCaMKIδ-S was predominantly expressed in brain, while zCaMKIδ-L was widely distributed in brain, eye, ovary and especially abundantly expressed in skeletal muscle. The gene knockdown of zCaMKIδ using morpholino-based antisense oligonucleotides induced significant morphological abnormalities in zebrafish embryos. Severe phenotype of embryos exhibited short trunk, kinked tail and small heads. These phenotypes could be rescued by coinjection with the recombinant zCaMKIδ, but not with the kinase-dead mutant. These results clearly indicate that the kinase activity of zCaMKIδ plays a crucial role in the early stages in the embryogenesis of zebrafish.