烧结的抗热震性赛隆材料

利用含有赛隆微米级细粉并加入CaO和Y2O3及Y2O3-Al2O3-MgO系共晶体制成了烧结试样。研究了材料的抗热震性、强度及热导率与加入剂种类和烧结条件的关系。     

纳米ZrO2对MgO-CaO材料烧结及抗热震性的影响

在≤0.1mm的MgO-CaO砂中分别加入占其总质量2%、4%、6%和8%的纳米ZrO2,分别经干混、压制成型,1600℃3h煅烧后,检测其体积密度和抗热震性,并进行XRD和SEM分析,以研究添加纳米ZrO2对MgO-CaO材料烧结和抗热震性能的影响及其作用机理。结果表明:添加2%的纳米ZrO2即可显著提高MgO-CaO材料的烧结程度和抗热震性;综合考虑MgO-CaO材料的烧结程度和抗热震性认为,添加6%的纳米ZrO2可使材料获得良好的性能。     

不锈钢表面SiO2-ZrO2-Al2O3-Cr2O3陶瓷涂层性能的研究

将氧氯化锆、正硅酸乙脂、无水乙醇3种物质按物质的量比135放进烧杯搅拌均匀后,再放进微波炉加热10s取出,得到SiO2-ZrO2溶胶。然后,将100mL氨水、50mL硝酸铝溶液和50mL硝酸铬溶液混合均匀后,放进微波炉加热1min后取出,即制得Al2O3-Cr2O3溶胶。取SiO2-ZrO2溶胶和Al2O3-Cr2O3溶胶按n(SiO2)n(ZrO2)n(Al2O3)n(Cr2O3)=6211混合,搅拌2h,得到SiO2-ZrO2-Al2O3-Cr2O3复合溶胶。将打磨、除锈、除油处理后的不锈钢基体浸入SiO2-ZrO2-Al2O3-Cr2O3溶胶一定时间后,以浸渍提拉法得到均匀的溶胶涂层,真空干燥48h,经700℃热处理1h后便可得到SiO2-ZrO2-Al2O3-Cr2O3复合陶瓷涂层。采用XRD、IR和SEM对不同条件热处理的复合陶瓷涂层的物相组成、表面形貌进行分析,并对复合陶瓷涂层的性能进行了研究。结果表明(1)SiO2-ZrO2-Al2O3-Cr2O3复合溶胶热处理后为非晶态材料,且在凝胶中形成了三维的硅氧四面体网络骨架;(2)涂层试样不出现龟裂或脱落的循环次数(900℃,空冷)在15~30次范围内,涂层的抗热震性较好;(3)在700℃热处理1h条件下,涂层单位面积的质量损失最小,具有较好的抗腐蚀性;(4)有涂层试样较无涂层试样的氧化速率低,且以3次涂膜的氧化速率最低;涂层由粒径为2~3μm左右的微粒组成,涂层较致密,抗氧化性较好;(5)有涂层试样的耐磨性均优于无涂层试样,有涂层试样的以3次涂膜的耐磨性最好。     

煤灰渣在Cr2O3-Al2O3-ZrO2砖表面润湿与渗入行为的研究

将灰分(w)为6.81%,挥发分(w)为32.68%的煤制成煤灰后,压成圆柱形的煤灰柱放在Cr2O3(w)含量约为90%的Cr2O3-Al2O3-ZrO2砖上,再推入管式加热炉中,在Ar气氛下,通过升温试验(升温至1200℃)和保温试验(升温至1165℃保温20min),考察了煤灰渣在Cr2O3-Al2O3-ZrO2砖表面的润湿与渗入行为。结果表明无论是升温试验还是保温试验,煤灰柱的变化过程完全一致,都经历了变形、熔融和润湿等一系列的变化。对升温试验过程中煤灰柱变化的观察和照片的处理结果均表明煤灰柱在1100℃时局部凹进去形成不规则形状;在1165℃时煤灰完全熔化,煤灰柱变成半球形;在1180℃时接触角<90°,煤灰渣开始在Cr2O3-Al2O3-ZrO2砖表面发生润湿。对升温试验后的Cr2O3-Al2O3-ZrO2砖表面和渣表面的化学组成分析表明有大量Fe堆积在煤灰渣与Cr2O3-Al2O3-ZrO2砖表面接触处,而邻近处几乎没有发现Fe,可能是由于Fe与Cr2O3-Al2O3-ZrO2砖中的一些组分形成了某种晶相,使得Fe很难进入Cr2O3-Al2O3-ZrO2砖;接近煤灰渣的Cr2O3-Al2O3-ZrO2砖表面组成中出现了Ca,说明熔融灰渣中的Ca渗入Cr2O3-Al2O3-ZrO2砖;同时,煤灰渣中出现了Cr,表明在熔融灰渣渗入Cr2O3-Al2O3-ZrO2砖的同时,砖中的Cr也熔入了熔渣中。     

加入Si,Si/Al对高碳Al2O3-C材料抗热震性的影响

以电熔白刚玉、熔融石英(粒度≤0.5 mm)为骨料,鳞片石墨(粒度≤0.15 mm)、电熔白刚玉粉(粒度≤0.088mm≤0.045 mm)、Si粉(粒度≤0.074 mm)、Al粉(粒度≤0.088 mm)为基质,热固性酚醛树脂作结合剂,压制成25 mm×25 mm×125 mm的试样,经200℃固化24 h后,在埋炭条件下经1200℃下保温3 h制成碳含量为30%的高碳Al2O3-C材料.分别用5%、10%、15%、20%的Si粉替代高碳Al2O3-C材料中的石墨研究其对试样抗热震性的影响;根据Si粉替代石墨的结果又研究了不同比例Si/Al粉(总量10%)替代石墨后对试样抗热震性的影响,并用SEM和XRD分析热震后试样的显微结构和物相组成.结果表明:(1)Si替代石墨量在5%～10%之间,试样的抗热震性基本保持不变,替代量大于10%以后试样的抗热震性下降.(2)Si/Al替代石墨量为10%时,改变Si/Al比例对试样抗热震性的影响不大.(3)适量Si,Si/Al基本保持Al2O-C材料抗热震性的原因是原位生成非氧化物.     

O’-Sialon-ZrO_2-SiC复合材料的抗热震性能研究

通过测定不同温差热震后试样的残余强度及观察试样的断口形貌 ,研究了O’ Sialon -ZrO2 -SiC复合材料的抗热震行为。结果表明 :O’ Sialon -ZrO2 -SiC复合材料具有比较好的抗热震性能 ,其临界热震温差为 110 0℃ ;添加SiC10 %试样的抗热震性能优于含SiC 5%试样的抗热震性能     

Al-Al2O3金属陶瓷的抗热震性研究

采用显微分析方法,利用扫描电子显微镜,研究了含Al40wt%的Al-Al2O3金属陶瓷的致密度、抗弯强度以及弹性模量与热冲击（thermal shock）之间的关系;结合金属陶瓷的内部组织结构随热冲击次数的演化对其抗热震性能的变化进行了阐释。研究结果表明：金属陶瓷表面具有较好的抗热震性。抗弯强度从最初的42.56MPa降至5次时的16.81MPa,然后逐渐增加至25次时的44.58MPa,而后又逐渐减小至35次时的29.95MPa。弹性模量从1.34GPa增加到5次时的2.38GPa,后逐渐减小至30次时的1.07GPa,而后又增加至35次时的1.24GPa。     

水煤浆加压气化炉用Cr2O3-Al2O3-ZrO2砖的损毁模式

详细分析了陕西渭河煤化工集团有限责任公司的德士古(Texaco)水煤浆加压气化炉用Cr2O3-Al2O3-ZtO2砖的损毁模式及影响因素,并提出了降低耐火砖损毁的方法.认为块状剥落、烧蚀损伤、冲蚀损伤和机械损坏是造成耐火砖损毁的主要原因;提高耐火砖自身的抗侵蚀能力,改善炉衬砌筑结构和炉内工况气氛,控制适当的炉渣特性,以及采用正确的修理维护方法,是提高德士古水煤浆加压气化炉用Cr2O3-Al2O3-ZrO2砖使用寿命的主要途径.经过几年的反复试验和技术改进,特别是采用中钢集团洛阳耐火材料研究院生产的Cr2O3-Al2O3-ZrO2砖后,渭河煤化工集团有限责任公司的德士古水煤浆加压气化炉用Cr2O3-Al2O3-ZrO2砖的使用寿命已从原设计的8000 h提高到现在的23000 h.     

耐酸材料抗热震性的研究

研究结果表明,降低线性热膨胀系数,可使耐酸材料的抗热震性提高到一定的程度——直至无定形相尚未被二氧化硅饱和为止;由氧化铁含量较高的粘土原料泥料生产的耐酸材料的抗热震性提高的原因是石英溶解过程得到强化;无定形相(玻璃相)饱和程度越高,制品的抗热震性就越高。     

采用赛隆和碳化硅制造的抗热震性烧结材料

采用纳米级赛隆粉加入Y2O3-Al2O3-MgO系最低共熔料及粒度为20～30μm的碳化硅单晶体制成了致密的烧结材料。研究了所制成材料的抗热震性、强度、热导率及气孔率与配料组成的关系。     

Cr2O3-Al2O3-ZrO2高铬制品

介绍了Cr2O3-Al2O3-ZrO2制品的组成及各组成的作用、烧成气氛、制品的显微结构特征和性能指标.着重论述了影响制品性能的烧成工艺和以电熔、烧结两种Cr2O3颗粒生产的Cr2O3-Al2O3-ZrO2制品的显微结构差异,表明在还原气氛下烧成的Cr2O3-Al2O3-ZrO2制品性能优良,而采用电熔Cr2O3料生产的Cr2O3-Al2O3-ZrO2制品性能优于使用烧结Cr2O3料生产的.     

Effect of CaF2 on sintering behavior and thermal shock resistance of Y2O3 materials

Y₂O₃ materials have become a popular candidate for preparing refractory crucibles for ultra-pure high-temperature alloy melting in recent years. However, its difficulty in sintering and poor thermal shock resistance limited its industrial application. The effect of CaF₂ on the densification microstructure, mechanical properties, and thermal shock resistance of Y₂O₃ materials was investigated in this paper. The main purpose of this study was to optimize the amount of CaF₂ added in the preparation of Y₂O₃ materials to improve its thermal shock resistance and get better mechanical properties. The mechanism of the densification process of CaF₂-doped Y₂O₃ materials was analyzed by phase analysis and microstructure. The results showed that successive doping of large Ca²⁺ ions caused more lattice distortion in the Y₂O₃ materials, and the diffusion rate of Y³⁺ was increased, thus enhanced grain boundary diffusion and promoted sintering densification in the Y₂O₃ materials. Meanwhile, the addition of CaF₂ also significantly reduced the apparent porosity and enhanced the mechanical properties of the materials. The improvement of these properties was attributed to the increased relative density of CaF₂-doped Y₂O₃ materials and the high sintering activity of CaF₂. In addition, crack deflections effectively improved the thermal shock resistance of the materials. The residual flexural strength ratio of Y₂O₃ materials doped with 1 wt % CaF₂ was increased by 21.2% after thermal shock test compared with undoped specimens.     

锆英石对铝铬锆砖抗侵蚀性能及六价铬形成的影响

铝铬锆砖因具有优异的抗渣侵蚀性能,被作为炉衬材料广泛应用于工作环境恶劣的危废焚烧炉。然而,铝铬锆砖在制备和服役过程中可能形成有毒的水溶性Cr(VI),相关研究工作却未见报道。本研究分别以单斜氧化锆和锆英石为氧化锆源制备了两种铝铬锆砖,研究了铝铬锆砖在四种不同组成危废焚烧炉渣中的侵蚀行为及熔渣侵蚀前后砖中Cr(VI)的含量。结果表明,锆英石高温下分解形成单斜氧化锆和无定形的二氧化硅,促进化学稳定性较好的(Al,Cr)₂O₃固溶体的形成,提高了铝铬锆砖的致密化程度,同时改善了铝铬锆砖的抗渣侵蚀性能。此外,生成的二氧化硅可以还原砖中Cr(VI)化合物,降低铝铬锆砖中的Cr(VI)含量。熔渣侵蚀后,铝铬锆砖渗透层中Cr(VI)含量与熔渣成分密切相关。在被高碱性氧化物含量的熔渣侵蚀后,铝铬锆砖渗透层中的Cr(VI)含量较高,但锆英石作为氧化锆源的铝铬锆砖在不同熔渣中侵蚀前后的原砖层和渗透层内的Cr(VI)含量均低于欧盟限制标准。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备不锈钢表面SiO2-ZrO2-Al2O3-Cr2O3涂层的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法在不锈钢表面制备了SiO2-ZrO2-Al2O3-Cr2O3，涂层，并用XRD、SEM等手段对其相结构、界面形貌进行了表征，且完成了900℃高温下的抗氧化性实验及FeCl3腐蚀实验。结果表明：预涂Al2O3-Cr2O3过渡层可使基体与涂层结合较好；涂有薄膜的不锈钢抗氧化性、耐腐蚀性均有显著提高。     

Effect of print path process on sintering behavior and thermal shock resistance of Al2O3 ceramics fabricated by 3D inkjet-printing

In this study, Al₂O₃ ceramics parts were printed by inkjet printing technology with different printed paths distributions, such as the spiral printed path, round trip straight printed path and ladder lap printed path. The influences of inkjet printed paths on sintering performance and thermal shock resistance of the Al₂O₃ green bodies were investigated. The sintering performance of the green sample with the ladder lap printed path is the highest among the three samples. Sintered at 1550?℃, its bulk density and porosity reached 3.73?g/cm³ and 10.80%, respectively. In addition, the thermal shock resistance of the sample with the step print path reached 11 times. The results suggest that the optimization of the printed path provides an effective way to print 3D ceramics with good performances through 3D inkjet-printing technology.     

High-temperature mechanical property and thermal shock resistance of Al2O3f/Al2O3 composites

Continuous alumina fiber–reinforced alumina matrix composites (Al₂O_3f/Al₂O₃ composites) were produced via sol–gel process, then the high-temperature mechanical property and thermal shock resistance of Al₂O_3f/Al₂O₃ composites were investigated. The results showed that the composites exhibited excellent high-temperature properties. The mechanical property of the composites was affected by heat treatment (prepared at 1100°C exhibited the most desirable mechanical property). The tensile strength of the composites abruptly decreased at higher temperatures. Although the mechanical property of the composites deteriorated after the thermal shock test was conducted at high temperatures, they exhibited excellent thermal shock resistance. After 50 thermal shock tests conducted at 1300 and 1500°C, the flexural strength of the composites was found to be 124.34 and 93.04 MPa, thus showing a decrease in strength with the increasing temperature.     

Al2O3和Cr2O3对镁质材料高温蠕变性能的影响

以电熔镁砂为主要原料,研究了添加剂α-Al2O3和Cr2O3的加入量及加入形式对镁质材料高温蠕变性能的影响,还研究了在加入3%Cr2O3的基础上添加不同形式的Al2O3对镁质材料高温蠕变性能的影响。研究结果表明:随着Al2O3含量的增加,镁质材料的抗高温蠕变性能增强;添加3%Cr2O3的镁质材料其抗蠕变性能优于热风炉上使用的低蠕变高铝制品。     

Study on thermal shock resistance of Sc2O3 and Y2O3 co-stabilized ZrO2 thermal barrier coatings

In order to reveal the effect of Sc₂O₃ and Y₂O₃ co-doping system on the thermal shock resistance of ZrO₂ thermal barrier coatings, Y₂O₃ stabilized ZrO₂ thermal barrier coatings (YSZ TBCs) and Sc₂O₃–Y₂O₃ co-stabilized ZrO₂ thermal barrier coatings (ScYSZ TBCs) were prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying technology. The surface and cross-section micromorphologies of YSZ ceramic coating and ScYSZ ceramic coatings were compared, and their phase composition before and after heat treatment at 1200 °C was analyzed. Whereupon, the thermal shock experiment of the two TBCs at 1100 °C was carried out. The results show that the micromorphologies of YSZ ceramic coating and ScYSZ ceramic coating were not much different, but the porosity of the latter was slightly higher. Before heat treatment, the phase composition of both YSZ ceramic coating and ScYSZ ceramic coating was a single T′ phase. After heat treatment, the phase composition of YSZ ceramic coating was a mixture of M phase, T phase, and C phase, while that of ScYSZ ceramic coating was still a single T′ phase, indicating ScYSZ ceramic coating had better T′ phase stability, which could be attributed to the co-doping system of Sc₂O₃ and Y₂O₃ facilitated the formation of defect clusters. In the thermal shock experiment, the thermal shock life of YSZ TBCs was 310 times, while that of ScYSZ TBCs was 370 times, indicating the latter had better thermal shock resistance. The difference in thermal shock resistance could be attributed to the different sintering resistance of ceramic coatings and the different growth rates of thermally grown oxide in the two TBCs. Furthermore, the thermal shock failure modes of YSZ TBCs and ScYSZ TBCs were different, the former was delamination, while the latter was delamination and shallow spallation.