洽谈支持系统(NSS)及其成功的关键

本文讨论了NSS与DSS和GDSS间的区别,描述了NSS 的一般特征和设计NSS时所应注意的几个关键问题,并对这些问题逐一进行了分析,指出了应采取的措施。     

An Analytic Center Machine

Support vector machines have recently attracted much attention in the machine learning and optimization communities for their remarkable generalization ability. The support vector machine solution corresponds to the center of the largest hypersphere inscribed in the version space. Recently, however, alternative approaches (Herbrich, Graepel, & Campbell, In Proceedings of ESANN 2000) have suggested that the generalization performance can be further enhanced by considering other possible centers of the version space like the center of gravity. However, efficient methods for calculating the center of gravity of a polyhedron are lacking. A center that can be computed efficiently using Newton's method is the analytic center of a convex polytope. We propose an algorithm, that finds the hypothesis that corresponds to the analytic center of the version space. We refer to this type of classifier as the analytic center machine (ACM). Preliminary experimental results are presented for which ACMs outperform support vector machines.     

Negotiation support systems: roots, progress and needs

Abstract. This paper identifies game theories and social behavior science as important roots for negotiation support systems (NSS) research. As these are not typically cited in the NSS literature, summary reviews of them are provided with indications of their relevance to NSS study. On the other hand, neither offers a sufficiently general-purpose formal model of negotiation that could serve as a backbone for NSS research. A survey of that research is provided, indicating that prugress to date has been somewhat eclectic and devoid of such a model. Our central contention is that a theoretical foundation for NSS study is much needed. Desirable characteristics of a suitable negotiation model are identified as guidance for future research that will aim to devise (and subsequently apply and test) such a model.     

多人决策支持系统研究评述

对多人决策支持系统的研究状况进行回顾,总结了ＧＤＳＳ理论和实验研究工作及取得的成果,指出了ＧＤＳＳ研究中存在的问题和研究方向。ＤＤＳＳ和ＯＤＳＳ目前仍处于概念开发阶段。最后探讨了多人决策支持系统的发展前景。     

基于机器学习的自动协商决策模型

所提出的模型利用协商历史中隐含的信息自动对数据进行标注以形成训练样本,用最小二乘支持向量回归机学习此样本得到对手效用函数的估计,然后结合自己和对手的效用函数构成一个约束优化问题,用遗传算法求解此优化问题,得到的最优解就是己方的反建议.实验结果表明,在信息保密和没有先验知识的条件下,此模型仍然表现出较高的效率和效用.     

A Framework for Designing a Global Information Network for Multinational Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster Relief

Large-scale Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster Relief (HA/DR) operations, particularly in developing countries, require the intervention and aid of various agencies from all over the world in a concerted and timely manner. As a result, HA/DR operations involve dynamic information exchange, planning, coordination and above all negotiation. Although a number of studies have reported the benefits of using information and communication technologies to support negotiation activities, it remains unclear how such technologies could be adapted to large-scale HA/DR operations. This paper examines negotiational issues involved in a multinational HA/DR environment and presents a framework that would help in developing a Global Information Network (GIN). The proposed framework can be used to assess and characterize individual disaster situations so that the GIN functional and design requirements can be accurately identified early. Future implications to GIN architecture are also discussed.     

A metalanguage design for sessions with group decision support systems

This paper proposes a metalanguage for representing communication among participants in a session of a group decision support system (GDSS). Such a vehicle can be used for setting standards and designing specific user interfaces with GDSS.Three different roles of participants are identified: chairperson, chauffeur and regular participant. The tasks and activities of each role are analyzed. Based on the analysis, communications requirements are derived. The requirements lead to a design of a metalanguage consisting of 15 different commands. The paper concludes by displaying the structure and syntax of each command.The work described here is conceptual and could be considered as a proposal for GDSS language design.     

基于模糊多准则决策的谈判模型

针对目前谈判支持系统中谈判模型存在的难以准确获知谈判人的偏好,以及利用偏好构造其效用函数的问题,应用模糊数学的方法,将谈判人的偏好和对目标值的评价用梯形模糊数表示,由此提出一种基于模糊多准则决策方法求解谈判问题的模型。通过示例分析计算,表明该模型能帮助谈判各方达成一个满意解。     

Rationality in Information Systems Support to Decision Making

Management information systems serve business organizations by providing information for decision making. Various types of systems serve different types of decision contexts. The philosophic basis of information system support is discussed. The rational (or normative) philosophy is widely used, and appears in business theory in the form of agency theory and transaction cost analysis. While this approach has been valuable in some contexts, there are other contexts where the rational approach has limited in utility for real business decision making. Decision makers need to consider subjective factors to enable them to cope with the high levels of uncertainty, incomplete understanding, and imperfect data typical of dynamic open systems. There are alternative philosophies upon which to base decision-making that are appropriate for specific decision contexts. Churchman identified empirical, multi-perspective frameworks, dialectic, and cause-and-effect inquiring systems as alternatives to the rational (normative) system. A number of information system tools, such as decision support systems, expert systems, and group support systems can be supported by models based on philosophies other than rational models. A more empirically based philosophy, with decision-makers balancing hypothesis generation and observations of performance, is often more appropriate. The relationship between Churchman's inquiring systems and information system types are discussed.     

谈判支持系统（NSS）研究

冲突决策是一类复杂的多人决策问题，它涉及到许多非结构化因素。本文对于复杂冲突问题分析的计算机系统－谈判支持系统进行了研究，分析了谈判支持系统的需求，工作机制和技术实现等问题。     

网络化设计评价群决策支持系统研究*

为了改进产品设计评价的方法,将决策支持系统机制引入产品设计评价领域。改进了部分个体评价及群决策方法,构建了适用产品设计的评价问题生成库和评价问题解决方法库。结合产品设计评价的特点,采用群体决策的思想,构建出包括对话、数据、模型三个模块的群决策支持系统框架。建立基于网络的产品设计评价群决策支持系统。它将对辅助决策、改进设计质量具有较高的实用价值。     

基于multi-agent的企业经营战略群决策支持系统

为了应对迅速变化的市场环境和复杂纷繁的问题,企业有必要建立相应的经营决策支持系统来辅助决策。文章根据企业经营战略的特点,结合决策支持系统领域的多主体系统理论,提出了基于multi-agent的企业经营战略群决策支持系统的模型设计,并从宏观和微观两个部分给出模型的结构及运行过程。     

Interior point multigrid methods for topology optimization

In this paper, a new multigrid interior point approach to topology optimization problems in the context of the homogenization method is presented. The key observation is that nonlinear interior point methods lead to linear-quadratic subproblems with structures that can be favourably exploited within multigrid methods. Primal as well as primal-dual formulations are discussed. The multigrid approach is based on the transformed smoother paradigm. Numerical results for an example problem are presented. Received February 15, 1999     

基于群体距离的多目标粒子群优化算法

为实现偏好与群体决策的结合应用,提出基于群体距离的多目标粒子群优化算法。通过调整解与参考点的群体距离引导粒子靠近偏好区域,运用格栅方法和改进的剪枝策略实现解在Pareto边界的均匀分布,求出与群体成员偏好相关的部分Pareto最优集,从而减少计算成本、加快收敛速度。实验结果表明,该算法得到的解更靠近真实Pareto前沿,且对不同个体决策成员都有效。     

An Australian Perspective on Research and Development Required for the Construction of Applied Legal Decision Support Systems

At the Donald Berman Laboratory for Information Technology and Law, La TrobeUniversity Australia, we have been building legal decision support systems for a dozenyears. Whilst most of our energy has been devoted to conducting research in ArtificialIntelligence and Law, over the past few years we have increasingly focused uponbuilding legal decision support systems that have a commercial focus.In this paper we discuss the evolution of our systems. We begin with a discussion ofrule-based systems and discuss the transition to hybrid rule-based/case-based systems.We next discuss how we have used machine learning in building legal decision supportsystems. Our focus on using machine learning led us to investigate the domains ofexplanation and argumentation. We conclude by discussing our current work onbuilding negotiation support systems and tools for constructing web-based legaldecision support systems.     

企业集团分布式数据仓库及决策支持系统研究

为了构建支持企业集团决策分析的信息系统,分析了企业集团决策支持系统信息模型,给出了面向整个集团的基于分布式数据仓库的企业集团决策支持系统的体系结构;通过定义决策方案模型及决策任务模型,提出了模型驱动的企业集团决策支持系统解决方案,并给出了决策任务模型并行执行算法。应用表明,该体系结构是可行且有效的。