带血管神经蒂的大鱼际桡侧皮瓣修复拇指指腹缺损

目的介绍一种修复拇指指腹缺损的新皮瓣.方法设计以拇指桡掌侧动脉为蒂并带桡神经浅支分支的大鱼际桡侧逆行岛状皮瓣,修复12例拇指指腹缺损患者.皮瓣最大面积为4 cm × 3.2 cm. 结果所有皮瓣全部成活.术后随访3 ～ 19个月,伤指指腹饱满,外形美观,二点分辨觉平均为6.5 mm. 拇指指间关节和掌指关节的活动范围为81.25°和32.31°.结论以拇指桡掌侧动脉为蒂的大鱼际桡侧皮瓣是修复拇指指腹缺损的理想皮瓣之一.     

拇指尺背侧动脉逆行皮瓣修复拇指远节软组织缺损

目的介绍以拇指尺背侧动脉为蒂逆行皮瓣修复软组织缺损的手术方法和适应证。方法2002年3月至2004年8月,应用以拇指尺背侧动脉为蒂的逆行岛状皮瓣,修复拇指远节软组织缺损伴指骨外露13例,该皮瓣的设计以拇指尺背侧动脉体表投影线为轴心线,距甲沟2．3cm处纵轴线向背侧动脉穿支为旋转点,皮瓣面积为1．5cm×2．5cm～3．0cm×2．5cm。结果术后13例皮瓣完全成活,均获3～8个月随访,指间关节活动度与健侧相同；拇指外形满意,指腹两点辨别觉为6～10mm。结论拇指远节软组织缺损以拇指尺背侧动脉为蒂的皮瓣进行修复是最佳手术适应证。     

拇指桡侧逆行筋膜皮瓣修复拇指软组织缺损

目的　介绍拇指桡侧逆行筋膜皮瓣修复拇指软组织缺损的手术方法。方法　 1998年 8月至 1999年 12月 ,对 7例患者用拇指桡侧逆行筋膜皮瓣 ,分别修复拇指指腹、背侧及拇桡侧软组织缺损。皮瓣设计在拇指桡侧 ,以指侧正中线为轴线 ,其蒂部转折点在软组织缺损区以近 0 .5cm～ 1.0cm处。皮瓣面积最大 4.3cm× 3 .0cm ,最小 2 .5cm× 1.5cm。结果　 7例的皮瓣全部成活 ,术后随访 5～ 8个月 ,外形美观 ,质地柔软 ,指腹二点分辨觉 (2 PD)为 7～ 12mm。结论　拇指桡侧逆行筋膜皮瓣具有操作简便、质地良好、血供可靠等优点 ,是修复拇指软组织缺损的较好方法     

拇指尺侧指背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣的临床应用

自 1996年 6月以来 ,我们应用带拇指尺侧指背动脉的逆行岛状皮瓣修复拇指皮肤及软组织缺损 3 0例 ,效果满意。临床资料本组男性 2 2例 ,女性 8例 ,年龄 16～ 5 8岁 ,平均 2 8岁 ,左手 12例 ,右手 18例 ,损伤原因为切割伤及机器绞伤。损伤部位 :指腹 12例 ,指间关节背侧 8例 ,指间关节掌侧 6例 ,指间关节处“C”型皮肤缺损 3例 ,拇指近节桡侧皮肤缺损为主 2例 ,皮肤缺损面积 2 5cm× 2 0cm～ 3 0cm× 5 0cm ,10例合并骨折 ,6例合并肌腱损伤 ,2例合并指骨缺损 ,利用拇指尺侧指背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣进行修复 ,皮瓣面积 2 5cm× 3 0cm～ 3 …     

拇指指腹缺损的显微外科修复

目的 探讨含感觉神经的微型皮瓣修复拇指指腹缺损的临床疗效.方法 2000年2月-2010年3月,采用食指背岛状皮瓣、中指侧方岛状皮瓣、以桡侧指动脉为蒂逆行岛状皮瓣、桡动脉掌浅支为蒂的逆行皮瓣、拇指尺背侧动脉逆行皮瓣、拇指背皮神经营养血管皮瓣、第2趾趾腹皮瓣、？？趾甲皮瓣、大鱼际部浅静脉动脉化逆行皮瓣共9种皮瓣修复重建拇指指腹缺损134例.结果 3例皮瓣坏死,131例成活,6个月～1.5年随访108例,皮瓣外形血供充分,质地柔软,感觉测定S2～S4＋,两点辫别觉6～11mm.结论 采用含感觉神经的微型皮瓣修复拇指指腹缺损,对供区影响小、效果佳、为理想的术式选择.     

拇指桡侧逆行岛状筋膜皮瓣修复拇指指腹缺损

目的：介绍拇指桡侧血管逆行岛状筋膜皮瓣修复拇指指腹缺损的手术方法及临床效果。方法：自1999年5月一2002年2月，对11例应用拇指桡侧血管逆行岛状筋膜皮瓣修复拇指指腹缺损。在第一掌骨桡背侧设计皮瓣，自甲根部桡侧线至第一掌骨同侧背侧绿的连线为轴心线，轴点位于指间关节近侧1cm以近的轴心线上。切取的皮瓣内含有桡神经浅支，转移后与创面指固有神经断端吻合。结果：19例皮瓣全部成活，随访7—28个月，质地柔软、耐磨，指腹两点辨别觉为6．6—8．1mm。供区无并发症，掌指关节活动正常。结论：该皮瓣具有不损伤主要动脉、神经，操作简便，质地良好，血供可靠等优点，重建的指腹感觉恢复满意，是修复指腹缺损的较好方法。     

急诊修复拇指指腹缺损三种方法的研究

目的 报道采用不同方法急诊修复拇指指腹缺损的疗效。方法 采用示指背侧岛状皮瓣，拇指桡侧指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣转位有趾腹皮瓣游离移植三种方法，为21例线指指腹缺损进行急诊修复。结果 20例以瓣成活，1例失败。术后随访半年－2年，平均10个月。所有皮瓣血运，弹性，质地均良好。指腹二点分辨觉：示指背侧岛状皮瓣平均为92.mm，拇指桡侧动脉逆行岛状皮瓣平均为8mm，趾腹皮瓣平均为5.6mm。结论 急诊修复拇指指腹缺损首选趾腹皮瓣，其次为拇指桡侧指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣或示指背侧岛状皮瓣。     

五种皮瓣修复拇指软组织缺损的疗效分析

目的探讨五种微型皮瓣修复拇指软组织缺损的疗效及其适应证。方法1998年1月～2003年3月,对52例拇指软组织缺损应用甲皮瓣5例、拇指尺背侧动脉逆行岛状皮瓣15例、大鱼际皮瓣10例、指动脉侧方岛状皮瓣8例、示指背侧岛状皮瓣14例进行修复。缺损部位:拇指脱套伤5例,拇指指腹缺损12例,拇指近节掌侧缺损6例,拇指全掌侧缺损5例,拇指背缺损7例,拇指尺侧缘缺损6例,拇指桡侧缘缺损7例,拇指指端缺损4例。男40例,女12例;年龄17～35岁,平均25岁;左拇指23例,右拇指29例。皮瓣面积最大5.0cm×2.5cm,最小2.0cm×1.5cm。结果皮瓣全部成活,术后随访6～36个月,平均20个月。皮瓣血运、质地良好,外形、功能满意。自带神经皮瓣及吻合神经皮瓣共46例的平均两点分辨觉:甲皮瓣为5.8mm,拇指尺背侧动脉逆行岛状皮瓣为8.5mm,大鱼际皮瓣为7.0mm,指动脉侧方岛状皮瓣为6.2mm,示指背侧岛状皮瓣为8.8mm;6例未吻合神经的皮瓣拇指仅恢复触痛觉,两点分辨觉恢复较差。结论五种皮瓣修复拇指软组织缺损安全可靠,其中甲皮瓣和指动脉侧方岛状皮瓣感觉功能恢复最佳,拇指尺背侧动脉逆行岛状皮瓣和大鱼际皮瓣操作容易,损伤最小。应根据拇指的缺损部位,选择不同修复皮瓣。     

拇指背动脉岛状皮瓣的临床应用及血供障碍处理

目的：介绍拇指背动脉岛状皮瓣修复拇指软组织缺损的临床经验,并探讨血供障碍的原因及处理方法。方法：自2005年7月至2008年12月,外科治疗21例21指拇指软组织缺损,男16例,女5例;年龄16～55岁,平均39岁。应用拇指背桡侧动脉岛状皮瓣修复拇指远节桡侧软组织缺损（4例）,拇指背尺侧动脉岛状皮瓣修复拇指尺侧、指腹及甲床缺损（17例）,皮瓣旋转点指间关节近侧0.5cm,皮瓣面积2cm×1.5cm～4cm×2.5cm。结果：术中术后6例发生血供障碍,经对应处理皮瓣无坏死。随访3个月～2年,皮瓣质地优良,色素沉着轻度,外形满意,拇指掌指关节及指间关节活动范围正常。修复指腹者感觉不同程度恢复,两点辨别觉：4～10mm。结论：拇指背动脉岛状皮瓣修复拇指软组织缺损方法简单,效果满意。蒂部长度、宽窄及受压均能影响皮瓣的血供,蒂部处理是治疗成功的关键。     

拇指桡侧指动脉关节皮支为蒂岛状皮瓣的临床应用

目的探讨以拇指桡侧指动脉关节皮支为蒂岛状皮瓣修复同指指腹缺损的临床效果。方法 2009年6月-2010年3月,收治10例10指拇指指腹缺损患者。男6例,女4例;年龄13～68岁,平均38岁。致伤原因:挤压伤4例,电刨伤3例,慢性感染2例,烫伤1例。末节指腹皮肤软组织缺损伴骨或肌腱外露4例,皮肤软组织缺损范围为1.0cm×0.8cm～2.0cm×1.4cm;近节指腹皮肤软组织缺损伴骨或肌腱外露6例,皮肤软组织缺损范围为1.0cm×0.8cm～2.5cm×2.0cm。病程3h～4个月。4例末节指腹缺损采用大小为1.0cm×0.8cm～2.2cm×1.5cm的拇指桡侧指动脉指间关节皮支为蒂岛状皮瓣修复;6例近节指腹缺损采用大小为1.0cm×0.8cm～2.6cm×2.2cm的拇指桡侧指动脉掌指关节皮支为蒂岛状皮瓣修复。供区游离植皮修复。结果术后皮瓣及植皮均顺利成活,创面Ⅰ期愈合。10例均获随访,随访时间6～12个月,平均8个月。皮瓣质地柔软,指腹外形无臃肿,颜色与患指周围皮肤相似。末次随访时皮瓣两点辨别觉为7～10mm。拇指功能根据总主动活动度(TAM)法评定,获优8例,良1例,可1例,优良率90%。结论拇指桡侧指动脉关节皮支为蒂岛状皮瓣不损伤拇指指动脉和指神经,手术操作简便,可较好修复拇指指腹缺损。     

Flexion deformities of the thumb: clasped thumb and trigger thumb

Congenital clasped thumb in palm corresponds to a spectrum of anomalies leading to a loss of thumb extension and abduction. Intrinsic muscles and skin shortening are not infrequent. Conservative orthopedic treatment should be undergone as soon as possible. When this treatment fails, or when patients are seen late, surgical correction has to be customized according to the involved structures. The trigger thumb is 10 times more frequent than the trigger finger. It is bilateral in 30% of the cases. The term "congenital" remains unclear as several investigations on newborns have not evidenced trigger thumb. In children, it is very rare to find a real trigger and presentation consists in a fixed flexion deformity of the interphalangeal joint. Diagnosis is clinical, with a palpable nodule at the level of T1 pulley. Conservative treatment, consisting in a nocturnal splint, is indicated before the age of two years old. After this age, or in case of failure of splinting, surgery will be needed.     

Triphalangeal thumb

Triphalangeal thumb is often thought to be a rare congenital abnormality; it has an incidence of 1 in 25,000 births. We reviewed 49 triphalangeal thumbs in 28 Mexico City patients at the Diaz Lombardo Hospital from 1974 to 1979, Shriners Hospital from 1979 to 1982, Instituto Nacional de Ortopedia from 1981 to 1982, and at the ABC Hospital from 1971 to 1998. A total of 21 patients (75%) had bilateral deformity. Patients were classified according to Dieter Buck-Gramcko system and Müller teratologic line. All were surgically treated and evaluated with Cheng graduation scale, finding good results in 48 patients (97%), fair results in one (3%), and no poor results.     

Skier's thumb

Over a period of 9 years (1979-1988), more than 1000 patients have been seen in the Department of Hand Surgery with a tentative diagnosis of skier's thumb or a painful metacarpophalangeal of the thumb. Most injuries were treated conservatively, but 562 operations on the ulnar collateral ligament were done during this period. An X-ray Film was taken in all cases to exclude a fracture. The indications for an operation depend on the clinical symptoms. Swelling, pain just over the ulnar collateral ligament, and instability of the joint with a widening of the ulnar aspect of the joint of more than 30 degrees in comparison to the other hand are typical clinical symptoms, which together with the widening in the flexion position, prove a rupture of the collateral ligament. As part of our standard examination we take X-ray films of the hand in two projections to exclude a fracture, followed by abducted stress views in comparison to the other side. The best results were obtained when surgical therapy was performed within the first 8 days. Fractures of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb were operated on by pin wire fixation of the bone fragment in the anatomically correct position along with temporary transarticular pin wire arthrodesis. In ligamentous ruptures, periostal sutures together with a temporary arthrodesis were carried out. Old injuries without sufficient regeneration of the ligament and capsule necessitated plastic surgery using the long pulmar tendon or a PDS wire. In each case the joint was immobilized with a cast for 5-6 weeks, followed by active physiotherapy.     

Rheumatoid thumb

The hand is the main tactile sensory organ and is uniquely designed for fine motor activities. Any deviation from the normal architecture or limitation from a painful condition may lead to disability. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is fundamentally an inflammatory disease of the soft tissues. Deformities of the thumb arise from abnormal stretching of ligament and capsular structures as well as from ruptures and subluxations of the tendons. This article provides an overview of the types of deformities associated with, and surgical management of, RA of the thumb.     

Mallet thumb

The uncommon injury of mallet thumb is described, with four case reports. In diagnosis the condition must be distinguished from dropped thumb. Operative treatment is advised which, in this small series, gave excellent results.