青刈黑麦草饲喂泌乳奶牛试验

为研究青刈黑麦草对泌乳奶牛产奶性能的影响,在长沙县龙华奶牛场选择了8头年龄、体重、胎次、泌乳阶段和产奶量相近的中国荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为2组。试验采用交叉分组设计,试验组和对照组共有8个重复。结果表明:试验组牛比对照组牛的乳蛋白率增加了0.15%(P<0.05),差异显著;试验组比对照组平均每天每头增奶2.2kg,差异显著(P<0.05);试验组比对照组的乳脂率降低了0.01%,差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

大理州一年生特高黑麦草、青贮玉米饲喂奶牛效果观察试验

以一年生特高黑麦草、青贮玉米组成日粮饲喂奶牛,观察其饲养效果,试验结果表明,在饲养管理和基础日粮相同的前提下,饲喂青贮玉米 特高黑麦草能明显提高奶牛产奶量,其头均日产奶量比单独饲喂特高黑麦草提高0.94%,比单独饲喂青贮玉米提高3.31%。建议在大理州奶牛综合配套技术中,大力推广特高黑麦草的种植和饲料的青贮,以全面提高奶牛的饲养水平。     

特高黑麦草饲喂长毛兔效果的分析

特高黑麦草是由美国百绿集团培育而成的禾本科黑麦草属,草本宿根四倍体一年生植物,具有抗寒性好、不易倒伏、发芽快、再生速度快和高产的特性,近几年来在我省已广泛推广种植。一般为秋季播种(也可春季播种),冬春季刈割利用。苗期生长旺盛,播种45天后即可收割第一茬鲜草,以后每隔20～30天可刈割一次。在水稻收获后至来年水稻种植前的冬闲期间其鲜草总产量在7000kg以上,营养成分见表1。特高黑麦草在分蘖期内草质柔嫩多汁,营养价值高,为家兔所喜食。为探讨特高黑麦草饲喂长毛兔的效果,特进行了有关试验。     

夏季菊苣草饲喂泌乳牛试验

夏季用菊苣草替代青贮、豆腐渣及部分饼类料饲喂泌乳牛。结果表明：试验组比对照组每头牛日均多产奶1.5kg，牛奶生产成本降低5％，并能有效地减缓泌乳曲线的下降速度，证明菊苣草是泌乳牛夏季优质高产的好饲料（草），值得运用、推广。     

特高黑麦草喂育肥猪试验

特高(TETRAGOLD)一年生黑麦草(产地：美国)，是宽叶型四倍体禾本科牧草，主要分布在温带及亚热带地区，性喜温凉湿润气候，生长快、再生力、分蘖力强，红河州2000年引入种植试验示范推广获得成功，平均每公顷产150t以上，经20个样品测定平均含粗蛋白质3．70％。为探索猪对特高黑麦草利用效果特进行本试验。     

用一年生黑麦草青贮代替玉米青贮对泌乳奶牛养分消化率摄入量和产奶量的影响

为确定黑麦草青贮替代玉米青贮后对养分摄入量、表观消化率、产奶量和奶成分的影响，对随机分组的20头荷斯坦奶牛进行了为期8周的研究。随着日粮中黑麦草青贮比例的增加，体重、体况评分值和血清脲素氮的浓度没有显著的变化，但血清葡萄糖浓度却增加了。这些结果表明，饲喂泌乳奶牛时，用黑麦草青贮代替日糖中的全部或部分玉米青贮可以提高产奶量和牛奶成分的产量。     

特高多花黑麦草饲喂肉鹅试验

特高 (Tetrtagord)多花黑麦草属宽叶型一年生禾本科牧草品种 ,具有生长快、再生力、分蘖性强 ,产草量高 ,营养价值高 ,适口性好的特点 ,为掌握其饲喂畜禽效果及经济效益 ,特作特高多花黑麦草育肥肉鹅试验 ,为今后在红河州推广种植和草畜配套利用技术提供科学依据 ,现将试验情况报告于后。1　材料及方法1 1　试验时间及地点　试验于 2 0 0 2年 1月 2 1日至 3月 2 8日 ,在建水县西庄镇高营村一养鹅专业户的鹅场进行 ,历时6 7d ,其中预试期 7d ,正试期 6 0d ,分为两个阶段 ,30d为一阶段称重一次。1 2　试验鹅及分组　选择本地同期孵育的 14日…     

腐殖酸脲饲喂泌乳牛试验

选择10头处于泌乳中期的荷斯坦奶牛,采用配对分组法,每组5头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组用腐殖酸脲取代基础日粮豆饼供给量的40%。结果表明:试验组与对照组日均产奶量分别为15.35kg和15.54kg,差异不显著(p>0.05)。试验组牛每头每天节省豆饼574g,试验期内头日节约饲草料费0.58元,效益明显。     

多花黑麦草饲喂泌乳牛的效果

<正> 农业产业结构调整促使农区乳牛饲养迅速发展,乳牛饲养正日益成为农民增收的重要途径。但是,由于缺乏科学饲养乳牛的知识,大部分农户沿用传统的饲养方式来饲养乳牛。粗饲料以野青菜、水花生和农副产品为主,优质牧草利用甚少。为推广水稻后茬播种多花黑麦草,改善乳牛粗饲料品质,笔者于1999年春季进行了多花黑麦草饲喂泌乳牛的试验,获得了可喜的效果,现将试验结果报告如下。     

Effect of monensin and vitamin E on milk production and composition of lactating dairy cows

Feeding unsaturated oils to lactating dairy cows impair ruminal biohydrogenation (BH) of unsaturated fatty acids (USFA) and increase ruminal outflow of BH intermediates such as trans‐10, cis‐12 CLA that are considered to be potent inhibitors of milk fat synthesis. Supplementing lactating dairy cow’s rations containing plant origin oils with monensin and/or vitamin E may minimise the formation of trans‐10 isomers in the rumen, thereby preventing milk fat depression. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of monensin and vitamin E supplementation in the diets of lactating dairy cows containing whole cottonseed, as the main source of FA on feed intake, milk production and composition, milk fatty acid profile, efficiency of nitrogen (N) utilisation, efficiency of net energy (NE) utilisation and nutrients digestibilities. Four multiparous Holstein lactating dairy cows (86 ± 41 days in milk) were assigned to a balanced 4 × 4 Latin square design. Each experimental period lasted 21 days with a 14 days of treatment adaptation and a 7 days of data collection. The control diet was a total mixed ration (TMR) consisted of 430 g/kg forage and 570 g/kg of a concentrate mixture on dry matter (DM) basis. Cows were randomly assigned to one of the four dietary treatments including control diet (C), control diet supplemented with 150 mg of vitamin E/kg of DM (E), control diet supplemented with 24 mg of monensin/kg of DM (M) and control diet supplemented with 150 mg of vitamin E and 24 mg of monensin/kg of DM (EM). Dry matter intake (DMI) ranged from 19.1 to 19.5 kg/d and was similar among the dietary treatments. Dietary supplementation with vitamin E or monensin had no effect on milk production, milk fat, protein and lactose concentrations, efficiency of utilisation of nitrogen and net energy for lactation (NE_L). Digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) was not affected by the dietary treatments. Digestibility of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) was higher in cows fed with the M and EM diets in relation to those fed the C and E diets. The concentrations of C4:0, C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C15:0, trans‐10‐16:1, cis‐9‐16:1, 17:0, 18:0, trans‐11‐18:1, cis‐9‐18:1, cis‐9, trans‐11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), trans‐10, cis‐12 CLA, and 18:3n‐3 FA in milk fat were not affected by the dietary supplementations. While feeding the M diet tended to decrease milk fat concentration of C16:0, the milk fat concentration of C18:2n‐6 FA tended to be increased. Dietary supplementation with vitamin E or monensin had no effect on milk fat concentrations of saturated, unsaturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, short chain and long chain FA, but feeding the M diet numerically decreased milk fat concentration of medium chain fatty acids (MCFA). The results showed that vitamin E and/or monensin supplementations did not improve milk fat content and did not minimise the formation of trans‐10 FA isomers in the rumen when whole cottonseed was included in the diet as the main source of fatty acids.     

酮粉法检测泌乳牛尿酮乳酮的应用研究

荷斯坦泌乳牛尿、乳酮体的酮粉法定性试验表明：尿酮阳性率为29．25％，乳酮阳性率为10％。尿、乳阳性牛的血酮、血糖、乳酮、尿酮定量测定表明：酮粉法判定泌乳奶牛亚临床酮病，尿酮阳性反应具有早期、敏感、准确性低的特点。乳酮阳性反应具有准确、敏感性低、方便等特点。二者同时定性检测具有互补作用。     

清热解暑中药验方对热应激奶牛采食行为及产奶性能的影响

本试验探讨3种清热解暑中药验方对热应激奶牛采食行为及产奶性能的影响.40头泌乳末期的中国荷斯坦奶牛随机分为4组,分别接受4种处理,即对照组、清热健胃组、清暑组和加减白虎汤组.所有试验牛饲喂相同的全混合日粮,3个处理组分别补饲清热健胃散、清暑散和加减白虎汤散剂,用量为每日每头150 g.结果发现,全天采食量和牛舍各时点的温度和温湿指数极显著负相关.在奶牛处于轻度热应激时添加清热解暑中药对采食行为影响不显著,仅在第1天早饲时略影响采食速度.清暑组干物质采食量较高,产奶量下降较少,表明清暑散具有缓解热应激、促进食欲的作用.     

柑橘渣对奶牛泌乳性能、养分消化率及乳成分的影响

试验评估不同水平柑橘渣对奶牛泌乳性能、养分消化及乳成分的影响.将32头泌乳性能一致的奶牛随机分为4个组,每组4个重复,每个重复2头.对照组饲喂粗脂肪水平为3％的日粮,处理组分别饲喂粗脂肪水平为5.5％的日粮同时添加0 (T1)、5％(T2)和10％ (T3)柑橘渣.结果 显示,与对照组相比,处理组奶牛的粗脂肪摄入量、干...     

The effects of providing shade to lactating dairy cows in a temperate climate

In a two-period replicated crossover design, four groups of lactating Holstein Friesian dairy cows (n = 10 per group) were kept on pasture to investigate the effects of providing artificial shade in summer on their vaginal temperature, behaviour and milk production. Two groups had access to shade and two groups in adjacent paddocks had no shade for a 10-day period before the treatments were switched. The body temperature rhythm was recorded in all animals using vaginal data loggers. Daily milk yield and milk composition was measured for each cow. Standing without grazing, lying and grazing behaviour was recorded continuously by observers for two 24-h periods during each 10-day treatment period. Shade use was recorded daily from 0800 to 2000 h. The provision of shade reduced (P < 0.05) mean vaginal temperature. This was particularly evident between 1000 and 1500 h, when the increase in vaginal temperature was significantly (P < 0.001) lower in shaded cows compared to cows without shade. No effect of shade (P > 0.05) on the maximum and minimum vaginal temperature, or the amplitude of the vaginal temperature rhythm was found. Cows with access to shade preferred (P < 0.001) using it mainly during the mid-afternoon, while, in contrast, cows with no shade grazed more (P < 0.001) at this time. The total time spent grazing, standing without grazing and lying per 24 h did not differ (P > 0.05) between treatments. Milk production was higher (P < 0.05) in cows that had access to shade compared to those without, but milk composition was not affected (P > 0.05) by shade treatment. These data suggest that the provision of shade is an effective method to reduce heat load in dairy cows under New Zealand summer conditions and, in addition, may increase daily milk yield. Despite only mild summer conditions, vaginal temperature was elevated during the mid-afternoon in non-shaded cows but did not cause a significant disruption in the underlying circadian body temperature rhythm compared to shaded cows.     

预防奶牛酮病的饲养措施

文章概述了通过适宜的干乳期、提供营养平衡的日粮、控制饲喂含酮体高的饲料、改善粗饲料质量满足泌乳前期高产奶牛营养需要、在干乳期和泌乳前期饲料中使用预防酮病的添加剂等控制奶牛酮病的饲养措施。     

铜在奶牛生产中的应用及存在问题

本文就铜的生物学效应和生理功能,奶牛对铜的需要量、耐受量和中毒量等进行阐述。     

In situ provision of drinking water to grazing dairy cows improves milk production

AIMS: To determine the effect of providing water within the area grazed by dairy cows on milk yield and quality, compared to requiring cows to walk to a distant water trough, on a dairy farm in the Pampa region of Argentina during summer.

METHODS: Holstein dairy cows were allocated to two herds with similar parity, days in milk and milk production. They were grazed in one paddock that was divided in two, with a fixed water trough at one end. Cows were moved twice daily to grazing plots within the paddock. Control cows (n=66) could only access water from the fixed trough, whereas supplemented cows (n=67) also received water from a mobile trough within the grazing plot. Milk production of each cow, and water consumption of the two herds were measured daily over 62 days. Milk composition for each herd was determined weekly from Days 18 to 60 of the study, and grazing behaviour was observed between 08:00 and 16:00 hours on Days 11–15, 19–22 and 39–43.

RESULTS: Over the 62 days of the study, supplemented cows produced 1.39 (SE 0.11) L/cow/day more milk than Control cows (p=0.027). Estimated mean daily water intake was 50.4 (SE 2.1) L/cow/day for supplemented cows and 58.2 (SE 2.7) L/cow/day for Control cows (p=0.004). Percentage total solids in milk was higher for supplemented (12.5 (SE 0.06)%) than Control (12.4 (SE 0.04)%) cows (p=0.047). During the periods of behavioural observation, a higher percentage of cows in the water supplemented than the Control herd were observed in the grazing area (p=0.012).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This preliminary study demonstrated that provision of water to dairy cows within the grazing plot was beneficial for milk production and composition, and may be associated with longer periods spent within the grazing area, during hot weather in the Pampa region of Argentina.     

金华市奶牛饲养方案的调查研究

本文通过对市郊奶牛场奶牛饲养方案的抽样调查与分析,得出可按奶牛的生理特点和泌乳曲线配制日粮、推广“全混合日粮”、精心管理等一系列技术措施,从而提高奶牛的产奶量和乳品质。     

Heat stress decreases plasma vitamin C concentration in lactating cows

Heat stress causes oxidative stress, which decreases plasma levels of vitamin C, an antioxidative vitamin in pigs and poultry. We investigated the plasma vitamin C concentration in lactating cows exposed to a hot environment temperature. In the first experiment, plasma vitamin C concentrations of 8 lactating cows were measured in summer and autumn. The concentration was found to be significantly lower in summer. The second experiment was performed using 4 lactating cows in a crossover design. The ambient temperature was set at 18 °C in the control treatment and at 28 °C in the heat-stressing treatment. Milk yields and feed intake tended to be lower in the stressing than control treatment. Rectal temperature and respiration rate were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the heat-stressing treatment. The plasma vitamin C concentration was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the heat-stressing period. These results indicate that heat stress decreases the plasma vitamin C concentration. Dietary supplementation with vitamin C may be beneficial for lactating cows in hot weather.