Co2SnO4/activated carbon composite electrode for supercapacitor

A new kind of Co₂SnO₄-based electrode materials for supercapacitor was synthesized by co-precipitation method. The microstructure and surface morphology of Co₂SnO₄ were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were employed for the determination of specific capacitance and the equivalent series resistance of Co₂SnO₄/activated carbon composite electrode in KCl solution. It was shown that the composite electrode with 25 wt% Co₂SnO₄ had excellent specific capacitance up to 285.3 F g⁻¹ at the current density of 5 mA cm⁻². In addition, the composite electrode exhibited excellent long-term stability and, after 1000 cycles, 70.6% of initial capacitance was retained. Regarding the low cost, easy preparation, steady performance and environment friendliness, Co₂SnO₄/activated carbon composite electrode could have potentially promising application for supercapacitor.     

超级电容器用纳米炭黑电极的电化学性能

用高导电性、高比表面积的工业炭黑(BET表面积为1080m2/g)作为超级电容器的电极材料。利用循环伏安法研究了不同扫描速度对电极电容特性的影响以及不同循环次数对循环伏安曲线的影响,用不同大小电流恒流充放电研究其充放电性能。结果表明:循环伏安曲线为矩形特征,炭黑电极表现出典型的电容行为,扫描速度与比电容基本无关;恒流充放电的电压和时间关系为线性关系,电极的大电流充放电性能良好,电极的循环寿命高。     

Nitrogen-doped graphene/carbon nanohorns composite as a high-performance supercapacitor electrode

Nitrogen-doped graphene/carbon nanohorns composite(NGLC) was prepared by one-step co-pyrolysis of graphene oxide, carbon nanohorns(CNHs), urea, and lignosulfonate. CNHs as spacers were inserted into graphene nanosheets. The introduction of CNHs and the loosened nano-structure of NGLC make it achieve a high specific capacitance of 363 Fg~(-1) at a discharge current density of 1 A g~(-1), and NGLC exhibits an ultrahigh stability of 93.5% capacitance retention ratio after 5000 cycles. The outstanding comprehensive electrochemical performance of NGLC could meet the need of the future acted as an efficient supercapacitor electrode material.     

Preparation of polyaniline coated activated carbon and their electrode performance for supercapacitor

Polyaniline coated mesoporous and microporous activated carbons were prepared by chemical oxidation polymerization of aniline adsorbed on activated carbons. BET and mesopore specific surface areas of the obtained activated carbons decreased by coating with polyaniline. The electrode performance of the polyaniline coated activated carbons for supercapacitor was investigated. The electrochemical pseudo-capacitances increased with increasing polyaniline content in activated carbons. The capacitances due to polyaniline in the mesoporous activated carbon are much higher than those in the microporous activated carbon. The uniform coating of polyaniline on mesopores of activated carbon plays an important role in pseudo-capacitance due to polyaniline.     

Activated carbon–carbon nanotube composite porous film for supercapacitor applications

Activated carbon/carbon nanotube composite electrodes have been assembled and tested in organic electrolyte (NEt₄BF₄ 1.5 M in acetonitrile). The performances of such cells have been compared with pure activated carbon-based electrodes. CNTs content of 15 wt.% seems to be a good compromise between power and energy, with a cell series resistance of 0.6 Ω cm² and an active material capacitance as high as 88 F g⁻¹.     

Nanostructured SnS/carbon composite for supercapacitor

Net-like nanostructured SnS/carbon composite was prepared by heating mixture of SnS nanoparticles and resorcinol-formaldehyde sol at 650 °C. The morphology and structure of prepared SnS and SnS/carbon composite were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Electrochemical investigation indicated that SnS/carbon composite presented superior electrochemical performances than pristine SnS. SnS/carbon composite had better capacitive response in cyclic voltammetry and could deliver larger specific capacitance of 36.16 F/g in galvanostatical charge-discharge process. Net-like structure of SnS/carbon composite and good conductivity of carbon were considered to be responsible for its preferable electrochemical performances.     

纳米碳管与活性炭复合电极电吸附脱盐性能的研究

为考察纳米碳管（CNTs）、活性炭（AC）及其复合电极的电吸附脱盐性能，将其粉末压制成电极，组装成脱盐器，比较电极电吸附脱盐能力和脱盐能耗。结果表明，在活性炭电极中添加纳米碳管有效地降低了电极电阻和脱盐能耗，少量纳米碳管的添加能在一定程度上提高其电极比表面积、孔容以及在盐水中的比电容；当复合电极中纳米碳管的含量为10％时，其电极在盐水中的电吸附比电容达到113.5F/g，其电极脱盐效果最为显著，其脱盐耗能比活性炭电极降低约67％左右。     

Silver hexacyanoferrate/conducting polymer composite

In this work, we present an alternative route to prepare silver hexacyanoferrate(II)/polyaniline (PANI) composites thin films and compare these results with the conventional chemical synthetic route, and with the electrochemical process deposited in platinum electrodes. Differently from the electrochemical method, used to synthesize the conducting polymer film on a electrode surface, this new chemical route make use of dialysis membrane as a solid support to synthesize the silver hexacyanoferrate(III) compound, and subsequently uses this composite membrane as oxidant to polymerize the aniline monomer. The spectroscopic (UV-Vis. and IR region) and electrochemical characterization (cyclic voltammetry) indicate that the polymeric composite remains optically active and conductive. The X-ray analysis show that the composite has an amorphous and a crystalline structure assigned to the conducting polymer and to the Ag₄[Fe^II(CN)₆] structure respectively.     

Three-dimensional heterostructured MnO2/graphene/carbon nanotube composite on Ni foam for binder-free supercapacitor electrode

In this article, three-dimensional (3D) heterostructured of MnO₂/graphene/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites were synthesized by electrochemical deposition (ELD)-electrophoretic deposition (EPD) and subsequently chemical vapour deposition (CVD) methods. MnO₂/graphene/CNT composites were directly used as binder-free electrodes to investigate the electrochemical performance. To design a novel electrode material with high specific area and excellent electrochemical property, the Ni foam was chosen as the substrate, which could provide a 3D skeleton extremely enhancing the specific surface area and limiting the huge volume change of the active materials. The experimental results indicated that the specific capacitance of MnO₂/graphene/CNT composite was up to 377.1 F g^?1 at the scan speed of 200 mV s^?1 with a measured energy density of 75.4 Wh kg^?1. The 3D hybrid structures also exhibited superior long cycling life with close to 90% specific capacitance retained after 500 cycles.     

Preparation of amorphous cobalt/carbon nanofibers composite as binder-free and conductive-free electrode materials for high supercapacitor

One dimensional carbon nanofibers embedded amorphous cobalt oxide with high electrochemical performances were successfully prepared by electrospinning Co(NO₃)₂ in PAN/DMF solution followed by a high-temperature heat treatment process. The different molar ratio of AN/Co(NO₃)₂ were synthesis. The optimized Co/CNFs(30), in which the molar ratio of AN/Co(NO₃)₂ was 30/1, exhibited a specific capacitance of 1096 F g^?1 at 1 A g^?1 and almost no decay in specific capacitance after cycling 2500 times at 5 A g^?1. The Co/CNFs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermal-gravity-analysis and the N₂ adsorption–desorption. The result showed that cobalt element was successfully dispersed in the carbon nanofibers with an amorphous state.     

超级电容器复合材料MnO2/活性炭的研究

采用化学共沉淀法制备了α-MnO2*nH2O和活性炭的复合电极材料,对其结构和形貌分别用XRD和SEM进行了表征.循环伏安、交流阻抗以及恒流充放电等测试结果表明复合电极材料比α-MnO2*nH2O或活性炭电极具有更好的电化学可逆性和理想的电化学电容行为.随活性物质量增加,复合电极的比电容量增长率趋于稳定.     

LiMn2O4/活性炭复合材料的电化学性能研究

制备了不同比例的活性炭复合LiMn2O4电极材料,研究其在1mol/L Li2SO4溶液中的电化学性能.循环伏安结果表明复合后电极材料的电容包含活性炭的双电层电容和LiMn2O4电化学反应的法拉第电容,复合后响应电流在0～0.6V范围内有所增加,且含80%活性炭时响应电流达到最大;恒流充放电结果表明含80%活性炭时的放电曲线也基本呈直线,表现出较好的电容特性,仅复合了20%的LiMn2O4,其容量却增加了25%;交流阻抗结果表明含80%活性炭的复合电极的溶液欧姆电阻仅为0.1Ω,呈现出更理想的电容行为.     

碳纳米管/导电聚苯胺纳米复合纤维的合成与表征

为实现碳纳米管在树脂内形成一体化导电网络，从而制备出透明导电性能最优的有机透明导电涂层，必须把导电性的碳纳米管纤维在树脂内有效地组装成一体化导电结构网络。本文报道运用在树脂内可以自组装的导电苯胺来实现碳纳米管纤维自组装的方法．合成出了导电聚苯胺纳米薄膜均匀包覆的碳纳米管/导电聚苯胺纳米复合纤维．并运用透射电镜、傅立叶红外光谱以及四探针法表面电阻测试仪对合成出的具有精细微观结构的纳米复合纤维进行了表征．发现合成出了理想的碳纳米管/导电聚苯胺纳米复合纤维，并且其导电性较碳纳米管和导电聚苯胺自身都有大幅度的提高。这种特殊结构的纳米复合纤维的制备为组装高性能的聚合物基透明导电涂层奠定了坚实基础，而且这种自组装方法为各种纳米纤维的组装提供了可能。     

炭载MnO2复合电极材料的制备与电容性能研究

采用真空浸溃、化学沉淀法制备活性炭(AC)载MnO2复合电极材料(MAC),利用XRD、SEM、EDS、恒流充放电、循环伏安、交流阻抗等方法对所制备的复合材料进行物性表征和电化学电容性能测试.实验结果表明在AC颗粒表面沉积了γ-MnO2颗粒,所得MAC以200mA/g的电流密度充放电,首次放电比电容高达417F/g,循...     

Three-dimensional graphene/polyaniline composite material for high-performance supercapacitor applications

A novel three-dimensional (3D) graphene/polyaniline nanocomposite material which is synthesized using in situ polymerization of aniline monomer on the graphene surface is reported as an electrode for supercapacitors. The morphology and structure of the material are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The electrochemical properties of the resulting materials are systematically studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and constant current charge–discharge tests. A high gravimetric capacitance of 463 F g^?1 at a scan rate of 1 mV s^?1 is obtained by means of CVs with 3 mol L^?1 KOH as the electrolyte. In addition, the composite material shows only 9.4% capacity loss after 500 cycles, indicating better cyclic stability for supercapacitor applications. The high specific surface area, large mesopore volume and three-dimensional nanoporous structure of 3D graphene could contribute to the high specific capacitance and good cyclic life.     

Albumin nanoparticle-coated carbon composite electrode for electrical double-layer biosupercapacitor applications

Albumin nanoparticles were synthesized by a simple coacervation method. The nanoparticles were then applied to the surface of a carbon paste electrode aiming at fabrication of a novel and biocompatible electrode for electrical double-layer capacitors. The specific capacitance per surface area of the electrode is more than 50 times higher than the conventional carbon paste electrode. The electrode exhibits improved rate capability and charge/discharge properties.     

Composite supercapacitor electrodes made of activated carbon/PEDOT:PSS and activated carbon/doped PEDOT

In this paper, we report on the high electrical storage capacity of composite electrodes made from nanoscale activated carbon combined with either poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) or PEDOT doped with multiple dopants such as ammonium persulfate (APS) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The composites were fabricated by electropolymerization of the conducting polymers (PEDOT:PSS, doped PEDOT) onto the nanoscale activated carbon backbone, wherein the nanoscale activated carbon was produced by ball-milling followed by chemical and thermal treatments. Activated carbon/PEDOT:PSS yielded capacitance values of 640 F g^?1 and 26 mF cm^?2, while activated carbon/doped PEDOT yielded capacitances of 1183 F g^?1 and 42 mF cm^?2 at 10 mV s^?1. This is more than five times the storage capacity previously reported for activated carbon–PEDOT composites. Further, use of multiple dopants in PEDOT improved the storage performance of the composite electrode well over that of PEDOT:PSS. The composite electrodes were characterized for their electrochemical behaviour, structural and morphological details and electronic conductivity and showed promise as high-performance energy storage systems.     

Silver-plated carbon nanotubes for silver/conducting polymer composites

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have advantages as conductive fillers due to their large aspect ratio and excellent conductivity. In this study, a novel silver/conducting polymer composite was developed by the incorporation of silver-plated CNTs. It is important to achieve a homogeneous dispersion of nanotubes and to improve the interfacial bonding to utilize the excellent properties of reinforcements in the matrix material. The homogeneous dispersion of nanotubes was achieved by an acid treatment process, and the interfacial contact was improved by electroless silver plating around nanotubes. The resistivity of the silver/conducting polymer composite was decreased by 83% by the addition of silver-plated single-walled carbon nanotubes. Conductive bumps were also screen-printed to demonstrate the capability of the composite as electrical interconnects for multi-layer printed circuit boards.