产氢细菌分离纯化实验教学的研究与探索

通过教改项目“有机废水发酵产氢实验装置的研发与应用”的实施,在环境专业本科生范围内开展产氢细菌分离纯化实验教学的研究与探索.以污水处理厂的剩余污泥或者校园河水及底泥为实验样品,对模拟有机废水进行厌氧发酵产氢,利用亨盖特(Hungate)厌氧滚管法对产氢发酵液中的产氢细菌进行分离纯化,并通过产氢实验对产氢细菌进行验证.通过实验中的学习和锻炼,激发学生的兴趣,增强学生的学习热情,拓宽学生的专业知识面,加深学生对环境微生物学理论知识的理解,促进学生创新能力的培养和提高.     

细菌的纯种分离与培养

以污水处理厂的剩余活性污泥作为实验材料,在环境专业本科生中开展细菌的纯种分离与培养实验,巩固了学生专业基础理论知识,锻炼了学生实验操作技能,激发了学生学习的热情,促进了学生创新能力的培养。     

有机废水发酵产氢在实验教学中的探索

通过有机废水发酵产氢教改实验项目的探索与研究,自行设计、开发了暗-光发酵耦合产氢反应器,利用污水处理厂的剩余污泥以及实际环境中的有机废水发酵产氢,将有机废水进行资源化利用。通过本教改实验项目的实施,以"产氢菌的纯种分离与培养"为内容,在环境微生物学实验中开展产氢实验教学的探索与研究,促进了学生对有机废水资源化的认识与理解,激发了学生的学习兴趣,增强了学生的主观能动性,促进了学生分析问题、解决问题的实践能力和创新能力的培养和提高。     

环境微生物观察实验的研究与探索

以太湖富营养化水体、上海曲阳污水处理厂好氧活性污泥、同济大学校园河水等环境样品作为实验对象,在环境专业本科生中开展环境微生物个体形态观察实验的研究与探索。通过学生对蓝细菌、原生动物及微型后生动物、藻类等微生物个体形态的观察,巩固学生基础理论知识,激发学生学习的热情与探索未知的好奇心,深化学生对环境微生物及相关环境问题的认识,促进学生创新思维和创新能力的培养和提高。     

土壤放线菌分离纯化实验的研究

通过精品实验项目"细菌纯种分离和培养"的实施,在环境专业本科生中开展了土壤放线菌的分离、纯化实验。在老师的带领下,学生从崇明岛采集了土壤样品,利用浇注平板法、划线分离法对土壤中的放线菌进行分离、纯化并得到其纯菌。由16S rDNA序列分析结果初步判断:该放线菌为灰黄链霉菌。通过实验中的学习,学生亲身体会了野外采样的过程,锻炼了学生的实践动手能力,激发了学生的学习热情,加深了学生对微生物基础理论知识的理解,促进了学生创新思维和创新能力培养和提高。     

土壤微生物分离纯化和分子鉴定实验研究

通过微生物学实验项目“微生物分离纯化和分子鉴定”的实施,在生物技术专业本科生中开展了土壤细菌的分离、纯化和鉴定实验。学生在老师的带领下从太行山采集了土壤样品,利用平板法进行了土壤中细菌、真菌和放线菌的分离、纯化,对分离纯化的细菌进行了16SrDNA序列分析,结果表明：该细菌为假单孢杆菌。学生通过野外采集土样,实验室分离纯化的实验过程,既锻炼了学生的实验动手能力,又培养了学生的学习兴趣,激发了学生的学习热情,加深了学生对微生物理论知识的理解,提高了学生的创新能力。     

开设综合性实验项目 促进创新能力培养

以校园河水为实验对象,将化学需氧量、氨氮、溶解氧等环境监测指标与校园河水水质联系在一起,以监测结果为依据,对河水水质进行评价,进而提出净化方案,并在环境专业本科生中开展环境监测综合性实验"校园河道水体的水质监测、评价及净化方案的探索"的研究与探索。通过该实验的学习与锻炼,激发了学生探索未知的学习热情与兴趣,增强了他们的主观能动性,促进了学生发现问题、分析问题和解决问题的能力的培养,巩固了学生对环境监测基础理论知识的理解,提高了学生的实际操作能力和创新能力的综合素质。     

微生物学实验教学综合能力培养改革与实践

针对社会对应用型人才需求的实际情况和微生物学实验教学存在的问题及不足,改革现有的实验内容,调整、更新微生物学实验项目和实验教学方法势在必行.使用现代多媒体教学手段和实验课考评方法,开放实验室平台,提高实验操作能力、强化实验综合技能,培养学生创新精神.     

小项目驱动下的研究性学习尝试

<正>邵庄初级中学针对过去语文教学中往往以机械识记应付考试为主,偏离生活实际,造成学生缺乏对周围生活环境的关注与热爱的实际情况,以规范运作中央电教馆"十一五"课题实验项目为契机,积极开展小项目驱动下的研究性学习,培养了学生的创新实践能力。一、基本模型教育技术支持下的项目驱动教学模式是让学生将课本知识     

医学微生物学实验课程教学实践与体会

医学微生物学实验课程是与医学微生物学理论课程相辅相成的教学模块,实验课程能很好地诠释理论课程中难以理解的概念以及微生物学课程必须掌握的无菌操作、生物安全防护知识、常见病原微生物的分离培养等基本技术。近年来SARS、禽流感、甲型H1N1、登革热、MERS等传染病的发生和传播,使得医学微生物学实验课程的地位越来越重要。所以本文就医学微生物学实验课程5个方面逐一进行教学分析,浅谈教学实践和教学体会,希望对提高教学质量、提高学生实验水平和解决实际问题的能力有所帮助。     

嗜高浓度甲醛废水的活性污泥净化性能研究

对培养嗜高浓度甲醛废水的活性污泥的净化性能进行了研究,研究中采用序批式活性污泥法（SBR）及脱氮除磷工艺（A2/O工艺）．考察了停留时间、溶解氧多少、进水的pH值和水温等对微生物净化高浓度甲醛废水的影响。实验结果表明,进水的pH值在7～9范围内,水温在10～30℃,停留时间控制在48小时,并根据进水浓度的变化选择合适的溶解氧,获得的活性污泥的净化性能最佳。     

利用造纸厂废水污泥制备活性炭

以造纸废水处理厂污泥为主要原料,采用化学活化法制备活性炭,考查了活化剂的浓度、活化温度、活化时间、固液比等方面对污泥吸附性能的影响.结果表明:在氯化锌溶液为40%、活化温度为600℃、活化时间为15 min、固液比为1∶3的最佳条件下制备的污泥活性炭碘值达到320 mg·g-1,而加入10%的茶梗添加剂制备的活性炭碘值可达503 mg·g-1,因此引入添加剂可以改善污泥活性炭的吸附性能.利用该污泥活性炭处理含苯酚废水,具有较好的处理效果,因此加强开发并推广污泥制备活性炭新技术,实现废水污泥的资源化利用,成为处理剩余污泥的一种有效途径.     

Kinetics of aerobically activated sludge on terylene artificial silk printing and dyeing wastewater treatment

Aerobically activated sludge processing was carried out to treat terylene artificial silk printing and dyeing wastewater (TPD wastewater) in a lab-scale experiment, focusing on the kinetics of the COD removal. The kinetics parameters determined from experiment were applied to evaluate the biological treatability of wastewater. Experiments showed that COD removal could be divided into two stages, in which the ratio BOD/COD (B/C) was the key factor for stage division. At the rapid-removal stage with B/C>0.1, COD removal could be described by a zero order reaction. At the moderate-removal stage with B/C<0.1, COD removal could be described by a first order reaction. Then Monod equation was introduced to indicate COD removal. The reaction rate constant (K) and half saturation constant (KS) were 0.0208-0.0642 L/(gMLSS)·h and 0.44-0.59 (gCOD)/L respectively at 20 ℃-35 ℃. Activation energy (Ea) was 6.05×104 J/mol. By comparison of kinetic parameters, the biological treatability of TPD wastewater was superior to that of traditional textile wastewater. But COD removal from TPD-wastewater was much more difficult than that from domestic and industrial wastewater, such as papermaking, beer, phenol wastewater, etc. The expected effluent quality strongly related to un-biodegradable COD and kinetics rather than total COD. The results provide useful basis for further scaling up and efficient operation of TPD wastewater treatment.     

Kinetics of aerobically activated sludge on terylene artificial silk printing and dyeing wastewater treatment

INTRODUCTIONInordertogetpliableandelegantterylenefabricjustlikesilk,terylenegreigeclothisalwayspretreatedwithalkali-decompositionprocesswh-ereinterylenegreigeclothishydrolyzedtosomeextentinNaOHsolutionatcertaintemperature(T)andpressure.Duringthisprocess,thesuperficialterylenefibreispeeledofffromtheclothanddis-solvedintosolution,inwhichteryleneacid(TA)andethyleneglycolaredischargedaspollutantsinwastewater.Theobtainedterylenefabricwithsi-lkenwrinkleandsoftfeelingiscalledartificialsilkfabr…     

浓缩活性污泥回流用于中小型污水处理厂节能降耗研究

通过实验研究及工程验证表明,采用浓缩活性污泥回流替代传统回流方式后,虽然污水厂处理效率略有下降,但仍能满足国家排放标准,表明在确保污水厂良性运行前提下,浓缩活性污泥回流运行措施用于中小型污水处理厂节能降耗是可行的。     

Microbial and hydrodynamic properties of aerobic granules in a sequencing batch reactor treating landfill leachate

A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) seeded with activated sludge was established for landfill leachate treatment. Small bio-aggregates began to appear after 40-d operation, and gradually changed to mature aerobic granules, with a mean size of 0.36–0.60 mm. Their sludge volume index at 5 min (SVI_{5 min}), mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS), and wet density were around 35 ml/g, 3.4 g/L, and 1.062 g/cm³, respectively. The settling velocities of the granules in distilled water ranged from 0.3 to 1.3 cm/s, which were faster than those in landfill leachate with a salt content of 1.4% (w/v), and also slightly faster than those predicted by Stokes’ law for porous but impermeable particles. Microbial community evolution during the granulation process and stages under different nitrogen loading rates (NLRs) were monitored and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE), cloning, and sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) fragments. Results revealed that some primary and dominant communities in inoculating activated sludge died out gradually; while a few common bacteria, inhabiting soils, municipal wastewater, or activated sludge systems, dominated in the SBR system throughout. In addition, some other dominant species, associated with the aerobic granulation process, were thought to play a significant role in the formation and growth of aerobic granular sludge. During the stable operation time under low NLR, a few species were present in abundance, and may have been responsible for the high organic removal efficiency at this time.     

Combined process of sequencing batch reactor activated sludge process and constructed wetland for domestic wastewater treatment

By combining sequencing batch reactor （SBR） activated sludge process and constructed wetland （CW）, this study is to achieve the domestic wastewater treatment. Our purpose was to determine the optimum operating parameters of the combined process. The process involved advantages and shortages of SBR and CW. Under normal temperature, the 3rd cycle （SBR’s operation cycle is 8 h： inflow for 1 h, limited aeration for 3 h, sediment for 1 h, outflow for 1 h, and idling for 2 h; CW’s hydraulic retention time （HRT） is 24.8 h and hydraulic loading is 24.5 m^3/m^2 d） was the best cyclic mode. The effluents can meet the standard GB/T18921-2002： “The reuse of urban recycling water： water quality standard for scenic environment use”. In the 3rd cycle, the efficiency of CW was the maximum, and energy consumption of SBR was the minimum. Under the condition of low dissolved oxygen, the removing efficiency of chemical oxygen demand （COD） and ammonia was not affected obviously. Simultaneously, nitrification and denitrification phenomena occured and phosphorus was absorbed obviously.     

污水回用技术与应用

污水回用是解决城市和工业用水短缺的有效途径。本文结合回用目的和国内外实际应用例子对污水再生工艺流程作了简要介绍 ,并从混凝、化学除磷和脱氮、沉淀、过滤、活性炭吸附和反渗透等几个方面 ,对污水深度处理和方法作了简述     

Water Environment Pollution in Three—Gorge Reservoir Area and Treatment Technology

After the erecgtion of Three-Gorge Reservoir,The Water Environment in the reservoir area will be turned into water dobies like laker,and the self-clarification ability of water will also be moch slower than ever,Now,the quality of water in most segments in upper reaches of Yangtze River cannot meet the requiremets of I-II class Environment Quality Standard (GHZB1-1999),In Yangtze River,Jialing River and Wujiang River,the mian indexes such as colon bacillus,nonionic ammonia,chemical oxygen demand(COD),petroleum,phenol,total phosphorus(TP),heavy metal,etc.,have exceeded the standard limits.The water bodies of the reservoir area are facing serious risk of eutrophicatioinm.To solve that problem.A countermeasure of multi-spot diverted treatment and separate discharge is recommended,for doing this,lots of smallscale wastemwate treatment facilities employing updated activated sludge treatment technologies are to be set up.Up to now,a number of sewage treatment technologies to control eutrophication of water have been developed,which include processes of sequencing batch activated sludge(SBR),absorbing bio-degradation (AB),oxidation channel,package intermittent aeration system(PIAS),intermittent cylce extended aeration system(ICEAS),UNITANK and so on ,The Efective one to be applied in the reservoir area should convey the requirements of ecological agriculture,forestry and urban planning ,and be accompanied by legal support for appropriate exploitation of natural resources.