| 铝合金车体焊接同步激光清洗技术研究(特邀) |
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| 引用本文： | 张月来,龙维峰,姚杞,林吉,刘泽辉,刘博文. 铝合金车体焊接同步激光清洗技术研究(特邀)[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2023, 52(2): 20220534-1-20220534-8. DOI: 10.3788/IRLA20220534 |
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| 作者姓名： | 张月来 龙维峰 姚杞 林吉 刘泽辉 刘博文 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中车株洲电力机车有限公司，湖南 株洲 412001 |
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| 摘 要： | 针对轨道交通车辆车体铝合金型材焊接同步激光清洗，开展了相关工艺、测试与应用技术研究。通过工艺研究得出铝合金氧化膜激光清洗工艺窗口，建立了匹配不同焊接速度的激光清洗参数预测模型，并分析了激光清洗对铝合金表面氧化膜的影响；针对实际工况，设计了激光清洗-电弧焊接同步清焊一体化装置，并开展焊接同步激光清洗工艺验证，实现了焊前高质高效去除氧化膜；通过分析焊接接头力学性能，检测焊缝缺陷，观测焊接接头截面微观组织，评判焊接同步激光清洗焊缝质量。研究表明，采用200 W脉冲激光，清洗速度0.5～1.1 m/min可调的情况下，可以实现线宽45 mm的焊接同步氧化膜的有效清洗，经激光清洗后，原生氧化膜被完全去除，且可避免再生氧化膜的影响。经激光清洗后的焊接接头剪切强度及应变相较未处理的接头分别提升了26.4%和9.98%，较人工打磨后的接头强度分别提升了3.53%和1.43%，焊缝中心组织主要由α基体和β (Mg2Al3)相组成，焊接性能满足轨道交通车辆车体制造要求，可有效替代人工打磨。
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| 关 键 词： | 铝合金 激光清洗 氧化膜 清焊一体 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-08-01 |
Study on synchronous laser cleaning technology of aluminum alloy carbody welding (invited) |
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| Affiliation: | 1.CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive Co., Ltd., Zhuzhou 412001, China2.School of Material Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China |
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| Abstract: | The processes, testing and application technology research were carried out for the welding synchronous laser cleaning of aluminum alloy for rail transit vehicle carbodies. The process window of laser cleaning for oxide film of aluminum alloy was obtained through the study of process. The prediction model of laser cleaning parameters before matching different welding speeds was established. And the effect of laser cleaning on the superficial oxide film of aluminum alloy was analyzed. According to the actual working conditions, an integrated laser cleaning and arc welding synchronous device was designed. And the pre-welding synchronous laser cleaning process verification was carried out. High-quality and high-efficiency removal of oxide film before welding was achieved. By analyzing the mechanical properties of welded joints, detecting weld defects and observing the microstructure of the cross-section of the welded joint, the quality of welding synchronous laser cleaning welds was evaluated. The research shows that with 200 W pulsed laser, the cleaning speed is adjustable from 0.5 to 1.1 m/min. Welding synchronous laser cleaning of oxide film with a line width of 45 mm can be effectively achieved. After laser cleaning, the primary oxide film is completely removed and the effect of regenerative oxide film can be avoided. The shear strength and strain of the welded joint after laser cleaning before welding increased by 26.4% and 9.98% compared with the untreated joint. The shear strength and strain of welded joints after laser cleaning increased by 3.53% and 1.43% respectively compared to those after manual grinding. And the central microstructure of the weld was mainly composed of α matrix and β (Mg2Al3) phase. The performance of the welding met the requirements of rail transit vehicle carbody manufacturing. Laser cleaning with welding can effectively replace manual grinding technology. |
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