Steric and Electronic Effects of Bidentate Phosphine Ligands on Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide |
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| Authors: | Pan Zhang Shao‐Fei Ni Prof Li Dang |
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| Affiliation: | Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, ShenZhen, P.R. China |
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| Abstract: | The reactivity difference between the hydrogenation of CO2 catalyzed by various ruthenium bidentate phosphine complexes was explored by DFT. In addition to the ligand dmpe (Me2PCH2CH2PMe2), which was studied experimentally previously, a more bulky diphosphine ligand, dmpp (Me2PCH2CH2CH2PMe2), together with a more electron‐withdrawing diphosphine ligand, PNMeP (Me2PCH2NMeCH2PMe2), have been studied theoretically to analyze the steric and electronic effects on these catalyzed reactions. Results show that all of the most favorable pathways for the hydrogenation of CO2 catalyzed by bidentate phosphine ruthenium dihydride complexes undergo three major steps: cis–trans isomerization of ruthenium dihydride complex, CO2 insertion into the Ru?H bond, and H2 insertion into the ruthenium formate ion. Of these steps, CO2 insertion into the Ru?H bond has the lowest barrier compared with the other two steps in each preferred pathway. For the hydrogenation of CO2 catalyzed by ruthenium complexes of dmpe and dmpp, cis–trans isomerization of ruthenium dihydride complex has a similar barrier to that of H2 insertion into the ruthenium formate ion. However, in the reaction catalyzed by the PNMePRu complex, cis–trans isomerization of the ruthenium dihydride complex has a lower barrier than H2 insertion into the ruthenium formate ion. These results suggest that the steric effect caused by the change of the outer sphere of the diphosphine ligand on the reaction is not clear, although the electronic effect is significant to cis–trans isomerization and H2 insertion. This finding refreshes understanding of the mechanism and provides necessary insights for ligand design in transition‐metal‐catalyzed CO2 transformation. |
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| Keywords: | density functional calculations hydrides hydrogenation reaction mechanisms ruthenium |
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