| 汽车尾气净化三效催化剂中N2O和NH3的生成及控制研究进展 |
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| 引用本文： | 郑婷婷,王国栋,顾绍晶,王成雄,杨冬霞,陆炳,葛蕴珊,赵云昆. 汽车尾气净化三效催化剂中N2O和NH3的生成及控制研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(6): 2399-2410. DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2019-1346 |
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| 作者姓名： | 郑婷婷 王国栋 顾绍晶 王成雄 杨冬霞 陆炳 葛蕴珊 赵云昆 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.昆明贵金属研究所稀贵金属综合利用新技术国家重点实验室，云南 昆明 650106;2.昆明贵研催化剂有限责任 公司，云南省贵金属催化材料工程技术研究中心，云南 昆明 650106;3.上汽通用五菱汽车股份有限公司，广西 柳州 545007;4.北京理工大学机械与车辆学院，北京 100081 |
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| 摘 要： | N2O和NH3的排放主要来自于机动车尾气排放。本文总结了近十几年来轻型汽油车N2O和NH3排放的研究进展，阐述了两种气态污染副产物在三效催化剂中的形成机理，通过对影响N2O和NH3生成的贵金属种类和含量、载体材料、不同气体组成和浓度、老化条件、不同车辆及测试工况、反应温度等主要影响因素的综述，总结了各要素对N2O和NH3形成的影响，得出N2O和NH3主要在富燃条件下冷启动阶段生成，NO的解离在N2O和NH3的生成中起关键作用；影响N2O和NH3生成的各因素之间相互关联，相互影响；催化剂的老化增加N2O和NH3的排放；贵金属Rh比Pd和Pt更有利于N2O和NH3的分解等结论。发动机、后处理策略系统的升级、更合适测试循环的开发以及催化剂的优化可以进一步降低N2O和NH3的排放。
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| 关 键 词： | 尾气净化 三效催化剂 氨（NH3） 一氧化二氮（N2O） 生成与控制 形成机理 |
Research progress on the formation and control of N2O and NH3 in automotive three-way catalyst |
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| ZHENG Tingting,WANG Guodong,GU Shaojing,WANG Chengxiong,YANG Dongxia,LU Bing,GE Yunshan,ZHAO Yunkun. Research progress on the formation and control of N2O and NH3 in automotive three-way catalyst[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(6): 2399-2410. DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2019-1346 |
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| Authors: | ZHENG Tingting WANG Guodong GU Shaojing WANG Chengxiong YANG Dongxia LU Bing GE Yunshan ZHAO Yunkun |
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| Abstract: | It has been proven that the emissions of N2O and NH3 are mainly from automobile exhaust. The research progress of N2O and NH3 emissions from light gasoline vehicles in last decade is summarized in the paper. The formation mechanism of the two gaseous pollutants in three-way catalysts is described, and the effects of various factors(the types and contents of noble metals, carrier, different gas composition and concentration, aging condition, different vehicle and test conditions, reaction temperature, et al) on their formation are summarized. It is concluded that N2O and NH3 are mainly generated in the cold start phase under rich conditions, and the dissociation of NO plays a key role in the formation of N2O and NH3. The factors affecting N2O and NH3 generation are interrelated each other, and N2O and NH3 emissions increased after catalyst aging. In addition, Rh gives better decomposition of N2O and NH3 than Pd and Pt catalyst. The upgrades of engine and strategy of after-treatment system, development of suitable test cycle, optimization of catalyst can further reduce the emission of N2O and NH3. |
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| Keywords: | exhaust gas purification three-way catalyst ammonia nitrous oxide formation and control formation mechanism |
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