不同城市规划用地类型的生态效应研究

城市发展过程中不同类型城市规划用地的建设活动会引起明显的生态效应差异,研究这种差异及其形成的原因对建设生态宜居城市具有重要意义。本文利用Landsat系列遥感影像,反演了福州市2009年和2013年的遥感生态指数（RSEI）,并结合国务院新近审批通过的福州市城市总体规划方案,对福州市建设活动较明显的5类城市规划用地的22个地块进行了研究,以揭示它们在建设前后所产生的生态质量变化情况。研究发现,2009-2013年5大类城市规划用地的生态质量均呈下降趋势,RSEI指数总体下降了近12%。其中,尤以工业用地生态退化最为严重,RSEI指数下降了18%。结果表明,植被、水体在建设中被破坏以及建筑不透水面的大量增加是导致这些城市规划用地生态质量下降的主要因素。

Study on Urban Planning and Its Ecological Effect

In recent years, the urban built-up area continues to expand along with the continuous improvement of urbanization degree. Also, the property of urban land is changing. In various types of urban planning land, different urban construction plannings can cause different ecological effects. The study on the differences and the causes of their formations can provide a good decision support to urban planning managers, and it is of great significance for the construction of an ecological livable city. In this paper, two Landsat images of 2009 and 2013 were utilized to computer the Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI). Combined with the newly approved Urban Master Planning of Fuzhou City by the State Council of China, five planning classes of the master planning, with 22 selected plots, were investigated to reveal their ecological changes before and after the implementation of construction planning. It is found that the ecological qualities of the five classes are all declining, which indicates an overall drop down in the RSEI value by 12%. Among them, the RSEI of the industrial class falls by 18% and the ecological degradation of the industrial class is the most sever one. At the same time, the ecological quality of the municipal utilities class falls by 14%, the ecological quality of the residential class falls by 11%, the ecological quality of the administration and public services class falls by 8%, and the ecological quality of the commercial and business facilities class falls by 6%. The main factors which lead to the degradation of ecological quality after the completion of urban planning are the significant decrease in vegetation and water, and the considerable increase in coverage for built-up impervious surface. Combining with the research results of this paper, we also put forward suggestions for the urban planning management department.