基于栅格的区域人居自然和人文环境质量综合评价——以京津冀地区为例

区域人居环境质量对于区域社会经济发展具有重要意义。本文以京津冀地区为例,基于人居自然要素指数（地形起伏度、气候指数、水文指数和植被指数）和人文要素指数（夜间灯光指数、空气质量指数和交通通达指数）构建了人居环境质量综合指数（HSCI）,分析了2010年其空间分异规律,并探讨了人口分布与人居环境质量的相关性。主要结论为：① 人居自然环境受距渤海距离和太行山脉的影响较为明显,呈现由东南向西北递减的空间分异规律。其中,紧邻渤海的天津市和沧州市最好,太行山西侧的张家口市和承德市最差。② 人居人文环境在城市地区明显优于非城市地区,并表现出与行政级别相一致的层级结构。同时由于南部空气质量较差,其人文环境整体劣于北部。其中,北京市人文环境最优,衡水市最差。③ 人居环境质量综合指数既表现出由东南向西北依次递减的规律,又表现出城市地区向非城市地区依次递减的圈层结构,以及高级别行政区优于低级别行政区的层级结构。其中,天津市和唐山市人居环境质量最优,张家口市和承德市最差。④ 京津冀地区人口并非在人居环境最好的地方分布最多,而是在人居环境中等的地方分布最多,二者呈正态分布规律。整体来看,人居环境质量综合指数大于0.6的土地约占35%,却聚集了约40%的人口,说明该区充分利用了高人居环境质量的土地,人口与人居环境质量分布较为协调。

Combining natural and human elements to evaluate regional human settlements quality based on raster data:A case study in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

Human settlements quality is of great significance for regional development. Combining natural elements (relief amplitude, climate index, hydrology index and vegetation index) and human elements (night light index, air quality index and traffic access index), this paper constructed Human Settlements Quality Composite Index (HSCI) at regional scale based on raster data to examine spatial variation law of human settlements quality in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in 2010. Also, based on the above, correlation between human settlements quality and population distribution was explored. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Affected by distances from the Bohai Sea and the Taihang Mountains, natural environment in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region became gradually poor from the southeast to the northwest. Specifically, Tianjin and Cangzhou which were close to the Bohai Sea were the best, while Zhangjiakou and Chengde which were located in the west of Taihang Mountain were the worst. (2) Human environment in urban areas was superior to that in nonurban areas. And it was also consistent with administrative levels, that was prefecture-level cities were better than county-level cities. Meanwhile, because of poor air quality, human environment in southern areas was worse than that in northern ones overall. Specifically, Beijing had the best human environment, while Hengshui held the worst one. (3) HSCI presented a descending series from southeast to northwest of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and the east side of the Taihang Mountains was more human-friendly than the west side. Besides, urban areas were more preferable than nonurban areas; still, higher level administrative regions were better than the lower ones. Consequently, Tianjin and Tangshan became the best, while Zhangjiakou and Chengde were the worst. (4) The population of the study region was mostly distributed in areas with medium human settlements quality instead of the best ones, and the correlation between population and HSCI presented a normal distribution pattern. On the whole, land with HSCI greater than 0.6 took up about 35% of the total, but it gathered about 40% of the population, which demonstrated that land with high quality human settlements had been fully used and there performed a coordination relationship between population distribution and human settlements quality distribution.