论海外园区在中国企业对外投资中的作用——以柬埔寨西哈努克港经济特区为例

当前海外园区已成为中国与“一带一路”沿线国家开展经贸合作的重要平台,在“一带一路”建设中发挥着愈来愈重要的作用。目前国内外关于中国海外园区的研究多聚焦园区的经济功能,而其制度和文化平台功能有待深入探讨。基于制度和文化的视角,本文以柬埔寨西哈努克港经济特区为案例,剖析海外园区的运行机制和建设模式,揭示海外园区对中国中小企业对外投资的促进作用。研究发现,西哈努克港经济特区通过构建多层级协调机制、打造优良投资环境、促进信息与资源共享以及释放集聚经济效应,为入区企业提供了优质的制度环境和充足的跨国发展空间,帮助入区企业更好地适应东道国投资环境,为大量中小企业对外投资实现路径突破和路径创新提供了更多可能性。基于案例研究,本文认为海外园区对于中国中小企业对外投资起到了重要的促进作用,为它们海外投资克服制度与文化差异提供了缓冲空间和发育土壤,起到了“投资花园”的作用。

Exploring the role of overseas industrial parks in Chinese outward foreign direct investment: A case study of Sihanoukville Special Economic Zone

At present, overseas industrial parks have become an important platform for economic and trade cooperation between China and other countries involved in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), and they are playing an increasingly important role in the construction of the BRI. Most existing studies on overseas industrial parks of China focus on the economic function, while the institutional and cultural platform function need to be further explored. Based on the perspective of the institution and culture, the paper takes Sihanoukville Special Economic Zone in Cambodia as a case to analyze the operating mechanism and construction model of overseas industrial parks, and reveals the role of overseas industrial parks in promoting the outward foreign direct investment of Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The results show that the Sihanoukville Special Economic Zone has provided a high-quality institutional environment and sufficient transnational development space for the enterprises entering the zone by constructing a multi-level coordination mechanism, creating an excellent investment environment, promoting information and resource sharing, and releasing the agglomeration economic effects. It assists enterprises in the zone to better adapt to the host country's investment, and provides more possibilities for a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises to make path breakthrough and path innovation in their overseas investments. On the basis of the case study, we believe that overseas industrial parks have played an important role in promoting Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises' overseas investment, providing buffer space and growth environment for overcoming institutional and cultural differences in Chinese enterprises' overseas investment, and played a role as an "Investor Garden".