中国生态水文学发展趋势与重点方向

生态水文学是一门新兴的交叉学科,发展和完善其理论体系和技术方法等对促进中国山水林田湖草系统保护与修复,推进生态文明建设和绿色发展具有重要理论和实践意义。本文阐述了生态水文学发展历程和挑战性问题;结合学科前沿和国家需求,提出了生态水文学在中国的发展战略,主要包括：生态水文综合观测的新技术新方法、生态水文学机理和基础理论、以陆地和水生生态水文过程为核心的多尺度多要素综合模拟与集成、以及生态水文与社会科学的融合等;在此基础上,也提出了中国生态水文学具体发展方向,如多源信息融合与综合观测网络、关键要素的时空格局及其演变特征、综合模型与不确定性、多学科交融研究等;最后提出了中国生态水文学在山水林田湖草及城市等共同体修复和保护中的应用前景。

Progress of ecohydrological discipline and its future development in China

Ecohydrology is a key discipline developed in recent decades, which can give aid in the protection and restoration of complex ecological systems(e.g., mountain, river, forest,farmland, lake), ultimately promoting the ecological civilization construction and the green development of China. In this paper, the progress and existing challenges of ecohydrological discipline are elaborated, and the future development directions are proposed according to the international scientific frontiers and national demands on ecological civilization construction.The main directions are to develop new ecohydrological monitoring methods and improve comprehensive observation network of ecohydrological systems;to perfect the ecohydrological mechanisms and their basic theories;to promote the integrations of multi-scales and multielements by considering both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems;to promote the multidisciplinary integrations between ecohydrology and social sciences. Furthermore, specific future research interests in China are proposed as follows: multi-source information fusion and comprehensive monitoring system construction, spatio-temporal patterns of key ecohydrological elements and their variation characteristics;integrated models of ecological,hydrological and economic processes and their uncertainty estimation;interdisciplinary studies including physical and social sciences. The application prospective in China is further explicated in a variety of ecosystems(e.g., forest, grassland, river and lake, wetland, farmland and urban area). This paper is expected to provide a reference to support the development strategy of the ecohydrological discipline in China, and to give a theoretical foundation and technical support for the implementation of national ecological civilization construction.