北京市耕地资源价值体系及价值估算方法

以北京市为例尝试设计了耕地资源价值体系,分析其价值关系,进而探讨耕地资源经济价值、社会保障价值、生态价值的估算方法,并对北京市1990-2005年耕地价值进行了定量测算。研究结果表明:①北京市耕地资源单位面积经济价值呈较快增长,1990年为12.57×104元/hm2,2005年为108.12×104元/hm2;②耕地资源社会保障价值供给能力和农村居民的需求水平相距甚远,1997年供给能力为49.19×104元/hm2,需求水平为160.56×104元/hm2,2005年供给能力为74.82×104元/hm2,需求水平为305.48×104元/hm2。可见,耕地作为农民重要的社会保障资源已不堪重负,农村社会保障体系亟待建立;③生态价值供给能力总体呈下降趋势,1994年达到171.21×108元,2005年为70.87×108元,大量耕地减少是重要的影响因素。但基于人口增加和人们生活水平不断提高,生态价值的总体需求和多元需求呈不断增长趋势,所以需要保持和提高耕地表面的植被覆盖度,为此政府有必要对农民因种植耕地给予其一定的生态补偿。

Cultivated Land Resour ces Value System and Its Evaluation in Beijing

The paper quantifies cultivated land resources economic value, social insurance value and ecological service value in Beijing from 1990 to 2005. The results indicate that: (1) The economic value per hectare increased rapidly from 12.57×10⁴ yuan in 1990 to 10⁸.12× 10⁴ yuan in 2005. (2) In Beijing region, the social insurance value supplied by cultivated land resources is low, but the demand for the social insurance value of the rural residents is high. The supply is 49.19 ×10⁴ yuan/hm2 in 1997 and 74.82 ×10⁴ yuan/hm2 in 2005, while the demand is 160.56 ×10⁴ yuan/hm2 in 1990 and 305.48 ×10⁴ yuan/hm2 in 2005. As the most important basic resources for rural population, cultivated land resources have been overexploited, thus the rural social insurance system should be established as soon as possible, shifting land insurance function out. (3) The total ecological service value went up at first, then decreased greatly, being 142.75 ×10⁸ yuan in 1990, 171.21 ×10⁸ yuan in 1994 and 70.87 ×10⁸ yuan in 2005, respectively, which is due to the decrease of cultivated land resources in Beijing region. But the total ecological service value demand and diversification demand increased because of population growth and living standard raising. In order to keep and improve the vegetation cover, the government should make some ecological compensation for the rural residents. Finally, the paper puts forward that in order to preserve cultivated land resources, the interests of every value subject need to be taken into account, especially the farmers' interest, and that the three values of cultivated land resources would be coordinated.