中国城镇书法景观空间分异及其地方意义——以城镇商业街区为例

书法景观作为文化符号是中国传统文化景观的典型代表,是城镇文化景观的重要组成部分,其空间分布特征及其在全球化城市景观更新背景下的演化特征规律,是文化地理研究的重要问题。通过设计书法景观指数对北京、江苏、安徽、香港、四川等19个案例地典型地段的12种案例类型的书法景观调查统计,揭示了中国城镇书法景观存在多种明显的空间分异现象,即书法景观的空间分异存在于不同属性的城镇之间、城镇内部不同文化和功能属性的街区之间、以及同一街区的核心区与外围区之间。本文分析了影响中国城镇书法景观空间分异的基本因素-现代化和全球化、文化认同、城市更新、商业驱动,并构建了一个相应的机制模型。研究表明,中国人潜意识地将书法作为一种传统景观标志和传统文化象征符号,使得书法景观具备了空间地方界定和定义的功能,并促成了城镇中文化象征空间和地方感的形成以及书法景观的空间分异。书法景观研究对全球化和城市化过程中我国传统文化景观的保护具有一定的现实意义。

Spatial Differentiation and Place Identity of Chinese Calligraphic Landscape

Calligraphic landscape was defined as a portion of geographical space with a specific visual characteristics and special sense of place resulting from the laying-out of the assemblies of calligraphy as landscape elements. As Chinese calligraphy is at the center of the core of Chinese culture, calligraphic landscape was the typical traditional Chinese culture landscape and an important part of urban cultural landscape. On the basis of different characters of calligraphic landscape, this paper developed an index of calligraphic landscape to measure the spatial differentiation of calligraphic landscape. 19 surveys of calligraphic landscape were done to detect the spatial differentiation. Survey areas included cities and towns in regions such as Beijing, Sichuan, Jiangsu and Hong Kong. The statistical results of calligraphic landscape showed an obvious spatial differentiation phenomenon. Spatial differentiation not only existed among the cities and towns with different cultural attributes and functional attributes, but also existed between the peripheral zone and the core zone within the same cultural or business block. The important factor affecting this spatial differentiation of calligraphic landscape was subconscious cognitive and cultural identity to calligraphy of shopkeepers. The spatial agglomeration of different shops forced by the pursuit of the agglomeration benefits was another important factor. The fact that Chinese people consider calligraphy as a symbol of landscape and culture in subconsciousness have made calligraphic landscape have functions of space delineation and definition, which may contribute to the formation of cultural symbolic space of cities and towns. Research of calligraphic landscape has practical meanings to the protection of traditional Chinese cultural landscape in the process of globalization and urbanization.