一次沙尘暴过程TSP质量浓度的连续观测和分析

 采用大流量大气采集器对2001年4月6~7日特强沙尘暴期间内蒙古阿拉善左旗、包头、呼和浩特、四子王旗、集宁、化德、二连浩特、苏尼特右旗等地大气中TSP浓度进行了连续观测并结合天气资料进行了分析。结果表明,此次沙尘暴过程中,TSP浓度的绝对值大,变化幅度也大,最小值为1.896 mg·m-3,最大值为52.153 mg·m-3,平均值为13.399 mg·m-3。各地TSP浓度变化的时序反映了沙尘暴的影响范围和移动状况的变化,TSP浓度绝对值的变化反映了沙尘暴强度的变化,从开始的较小值逐渐增至最大值,最后再回落到较低水平。内蒙古西部沙尘暴主要源于蒙古国的远距离输送,局地起沙对中部沙尘暴形成具有重要贡献。本次过程TSP浓度最大值达到空气污染程度最为严重的城市冬季TSP浓度极值的10~50倍,表明沙尘天气导致的空气污染远大于一切人为排放源造成的污染。

Successive Observation and Analysis of TSP Concentration in a Sand-Dust Storm Case

With TH-1000 air collection instrument we successively observed the TSP mass concentration of Alashazuoqi,Baotou,Hohhot,Siziwangqi,Jining,Huade,Erenhot and Sonidyouqi in Inner Mongolia during a sand-dust storm on April 6th to 7th of 2001.In combining with the routine weather observation data a comprehensive analysis was conducted.The results showed that the temporal and spatial distribution of TSP was apparently various in the process of sand-dust storm.The minimum TSP was 1.896 mg5m~-3,the maximum was 52.153 mg5m~-3 and the average was 13.399 mg5m~-3.The sandstorms in west Inner Mongolia are transported from long distance dust resource in remote Mongolia,while sandstorms in central Inner Mongolia depend on local dust rising.The most significant sand-dust source in this case was the desertified grassland in central Inner Mongolia,partly derived from the degeneration of grassland in west-central Inner Mongolia.Comparing with the maximal TSP mass concentration coming from the anthropogenic source which occurred at the city(Hohhot) in winter,the TSP mass concentration in this case was 10~52 times of that,so the pollution from the sand-dust storm is much more badly.