洪水对湿地系统的作用

洪水是水流运动的一种自然现象,是河流对河滨洪泛湿地系统的一种正常的干扰。不定期的洪水干扰维持了河流与其洪泛湿地不同程度的水文连通性,成为维持河流洪泛湿地景观异质性和生态系统平衡的重要营力。作为河流极端的水文情势,排除较大规模的洪水所造成的一定的生态环境破坏和社会经济损失以外,洪水干扰对生态环境产生多方面的正效应。从洪水的生态意义角度出发,论述洪水干扰对湿地生态系统及其环境所产生的正面效应,包括洪水干扰对洪泛区湿地沉积过程的影响,促进湿地系统水循环以及对土壤发育产生影响,导致洪泛区及其湿地生态系统和景观的演替。

Review of Flood Effect on Wetland System

Flood is one of the natural phenomena of water flows and acting as a natural disturbance of rivers to their floodplain wetlands. Irregular flooding disturbance keeps the different degrees of hydrological connections between river channels and flood plain wetlands, and is likely to be a fundamental driving force in maintaining the riverine landscape heterogeneity and the balance of ecological systems. Acting as an extreme flow regimeing, flood disturbance has positive effects on eco-environment, except for a certain degree of eco-environment destroying and social economy disasters. View as ecological perspectives ,it is discussed of the posivive effects of flooding disturbance on flood plainwetland ecosystems and its environment, including controlling the floodplain wetlands sedimentation processes, improving wetland system water cycle,affecting soil evolvement, and renewing the whole floodplain wetland ecosystem and landscape.